scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) in Dog Macrophage Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Tjahajati
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Intermediate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Nbt Reduction

experiment used 24 healthy dogs, aged between 1 and 2 years, both male and female which were divided into twodifferent groups consisting of 12 dogs each. The first group was the treatment group, that is they were infected with Mtuberculosis and the second one was the control group. The activity of macrophages ROI secretion were measured at1st, 2nd, 12th, and 24th after infection using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure themacrophage activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed thatROI secretion increased in infected group compared with the control group, and this activity reached to the plateaulevel at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were gradually diminished thereafter, higherlevels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment compared with control group. Theresults of the experiment indicated that ROI played an important role to against M.tuberculosis infection in dogs.Keyword: macrophage, ROI, M.tuberculosis, dogs

scholarly journals Study on effect of different levels of concentrate on growth performance of both male and female lamb

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Masum Billah ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of concentrate on growth performances of both male and female lamb. For this purpose twenty four (12 male and 12 female) lamb aged about 5-6 months were selected and divided into three groups (Treatment group T1, T2 and control group T0). In each group having 4 males and 4 females lamb, all lambs were supplied green roughages ad-libitum, control group T0 was allowed no concentrate and treatment group T1 & T2 were supplied 100 gm & 200 gm concentrate mixture respectively for 90 days experimental period. Animals were weighed at 15 days interval. Significant differences of live weight gain among these three groups were found. Allowing 100 gm (T1) concentrate mixture along with green grass improved growth rate in both male and female lamb. Increasing of concentrate supplementation improved live weight gain (found in T2 group). Total live weight gain (kg) and average daily live weight gain (g/d) were 4.25±0.52 kg and 47.20±5.75 g, 5.38±0.83 kg and 59.73+9.17 g and 7.00±0.54 kg and 77.78±6.00 g in male lambs and 2.25±0.21 kg and 25.00±2.34 g, 3.18±0.32 kg and 35.39±3.63 g and 3.81±0.24 kg and 42.33±2.77 g in female lambs for the To, T1 and T2 groups respectively. Live weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in male than female lambs. The results showed that 100 g concentrate supplementation with green roughages improved growth rate in lambs (male and female) under stall feeding condition. Increase of supplementation might improve nutrients supply to promote higher live weight gain.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 274-278

scholarly journals Study the causes of growth retardation in pure breed imported calves after theileriosis in Abu-Shaeer cattle Farm /Diyala province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Gh.H. Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Depression

The aim of this study is investigated the causes of retardation in growth of purebred calves infected by Theileria annulata.Blood samples of infected group (treatment group) were taken once, and blood samples of the control group (clinically healthy) were taken also .Serum separation was done to two groups to determinate some blood factors levels as ferritin ,phosphorus ,glucose ,growth hormone ,total T3 and total T4.It was detected that mean values of serum Ferritin was significantly higher than the values of the control group and healthy animals.No significant effect of the infection on the phosphorus and T3 levels ,While there were significant depression in serum levels of glucose ,growth hormone and T4.

scholarly journals Dietary cottonseed consumption induced subfertility in male and female rats: a potent eco-friendly rodenticide compound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Nowzari ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Nader Tanideh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dorvash ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cottonseed Flour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Effects of cottonseed flour in male and female rats’ fertility based on hormonal and histomorphometry changes were studied. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male and female rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Treatment group was received diets containing cottonseed flour for 35 days. Control group was given standard rat food. Body and testis weights, epididymis semen evaluation indices and serum sex steroid hormones were determined. Histomorphometry alterations of testes and ovary were evaluated. Then, normal female and male rats were mated by rats in both groups and after 35 days, number of pups was measured. However, there was no significant difference in whole body and testes weights, sperm concentration and viability between the control and treatment groups, respectively. Moreover, sperm motility in the treatment rats was significantly lower than the control group. Serum hormones alterations were not significant, but histomorphometry evaluations of testes showed significant changes in the testis structures after chronic consumption of cottonseed flour. In the female rats, body weight did not have significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Histomorphometry data in female ovary showed significant reduction of primary follicle volume and number in the treatment group against control. Follicle stimulating hormone showed insignificant reduction in the treatment group. Number of pups was significantly reduced in the female rats fed by cottonseed flour. Cottonseed flour in rat diet had adverse effects on rat reproduction. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient product for control of the rat population as a natural rodenticide agent.

scholarly journals The Effect of Peer-feedback on EFL Medical Students’ Writing Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Maedeh Afrasiabi ◽  
Laleh Khojasteh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Writing Composition ◽  
Current Article

The current article investigates the effect of peer-feedback on writing performance of the Medical Students of Shiraz University. This research is experimental and fifty nine students both male and female participated in this study. The population included the medical students of Shiraz University.The researcher utilized convenient sampling to choose the participants. They were also divided to two groups. The treatment group which consist of 30 students and the control group which were 29 students. The researcher used writing composition in order to gather the data required for the writing performance and questionnaire based on the Likerd scale for the writing self-efficacy. The data gathered in a Pretest-Treatment-Posttest Design. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship betweenpeer-feedback and the improvement of the writing performance.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinar Salsabila Tone ◽  
Christi Mambo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

ABSTRACTThe plant of Mahkota Dewa is a traditional plant which is used as a medicinal plant whose benefits are located in almost parts where it contains flavonoid and saponin compounds that have a variety of effects and one of them is analgesic effect. This research aims to determine the analgesic effect of the extract of Mahkota Dewa leaf (Phaleria macrocarpa) in mices (Mus musculus). This research uses an experimental method using nine male and female mices which are divided into three groups: the positive control group that was given aspirin and the negative control that was given aquades and the treatment group that was given the extract of the Mahkota Dewa leaf. The research is done by giving the stimulus of pain in the form of heat 55o.C and then observes the response of the tested animal such as jumping or licking its legs and at the minute of 0 before treatment, and at the minutes of 30, 60, 90, 120 after the treatment. The average value of the number of respons of mices which were given the extract of the Mahkota Dewa leaf decreases from the 30th minute until the 90th minute. Conclusion. The extract of Mahkota Dewa leaf has an analgesic effect in Mouse.Key Word: Analgesic, Aspirin, Mahkota Dewa leaf (Phaleria macrocarpa)ABSTRAKTanaman mahkota dewa merupakan tumbuhan tradisional yang digunakan sebagai tumbuhan obat yang manfaatnya terletak hampir di seluruh bagian dimana di dalamnya terkandung senyawa-senyawa flavonoid dan saponin yang mempunyai bermacam-macam efek dan salah satunya adalah efek analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek analgesik dari ekstrak daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) pada mencit (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan 9 ekor mencit jantan dan betina yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol positif yang diberi obat aspirin, kontrol negatif yang diberi aquades dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak daun mahkota dewa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memberi rangsangan nyeri berupa suhu panas 55o.C kemudian mengamati respon hewan uji berupa melompat dan atau menjilat kaki pada menit ke-0 sebelum perlakuan, dan pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, 120 setelah perlakuan. Nilai rata-rata jumlah respon mencit yang diberikan ekstrak daun mahkota dewa mengalami penurunan dari menit ke-30 sampai menit ke-90. Kesimpulan. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa memiliki efek analgesik pada mencit.Kata kunci: Analgesik, Aspirin, Daun Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa)

scholarly journals Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract increase the reactive oxidant level and interleukins expression in vitro

10.5219/1418 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
Nurkhasanah Mahfudh ◽  
Nanik Sulistyani ◽  
Ghina Adhila
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Intermediate ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reactive Oxidant ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (bangle) has a variety of active compounds, including curcumin and phenylbutenoid. Bangle rhizoma reported exhibiting immunomodulatory activities. This research aims to determine the mechanism of bangle extract as an immunomodulator by the secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI), Nitric Oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL-10 and IL-14) expression level. Bangle extract (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) was made by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This research was administered in vitro using macrophage cells from male mice with Balb/C strain divided into 2 groups: normal control and treatment group (receiving 25, 50, and 100 ppm of extract). The administration of bangle extract can function as an immunomodulator by an increase of ROI in 25 and 50 ppm of the extract significantly than the control group (p <0.05), the treatment groups decrease NO level (p <0.05), it also was found to increase expression of IL-10 and IL-14 expression levels (p <0.05). Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract was potentially to be developed as an immunomodulator.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Quality Feed Supplement on Growth Performance Post-Weaning Calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Besse Mahbuba We Tenri Gading ◽  
Panjono Panjono ◽  
Ali Agus
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
And Control

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of high quality feed supplement (HQFS) in growth performance of post-weaning calves. Twenty four calves post-weaning aged 6 months old, consisting of 12 males and 12 females, randomly divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 6 calves. Grouping male and female calves fed control feed plus HQFS, was formulated from corn grain, corn gluten meal (CGM), pollard, soybean meal (SBM), wheat flour and agromix booster (treatment diet) as first group (treatment), and the second group was fed control feed without addition of HQFS (control). This study was conducted for 6 weeks. The variables observed included feed intake (dry matter, crude protein, and TDN), weight gain, feed conversion, feed cost per gain and body size (body length, chest girth, and withers height). The treatment was in factorial 2x2 in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Growth performance of post weaning calves were analyzed as repeated measures with feed (treatment and control) and sex (male and female) as factors.  Results showed that the CP consumption, ADG and chest girth of treatment group was higher than (P<0.01) than the control group (0.42 and 0.34 kg/d, 0.95 and 0.71 kg/d, and 12.41 and 8.25 cm). TDN consumption, feed conversion, and body length of the treatment group were higher (P<0.05) than the control group (3.08 and 2.57 kg/d, 3.64 and 4.86, and 8.12 and 5.95 cm). DM consumption, chest girth and feed cost per gain of treatment and control group were not significant (3.87 and 3.69 kg/d, 7.30 and 6.72 cm, and IDR 16,280.00 and IDR 19,167.00). There was no difference between the growth of post-weaning calves between the male and female groups. There was no interaction between feed type and sex of the post-weaning calves. The conclusion of this study was that post-weaning calves fed HQFS (20.2%) produced better growth performance than controls.

scholarly journals The Potential Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the Environment in the Creation of Spondylitis Tuberculosis Rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim ◽  
Tri Kurniawati ◽  
Andriansjah Rukmana ◽  
Arni Diana Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Spinal Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Infection Study

Direct Mycobacterium tuberculosis inoculation on rabbit vertebral body was used in rabbit spinal infection study. The potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment will be observed in order to create the conditions fulfilling biosafety aspects. Two groups of six New Zealand rabbits were treatment group (n=4) and control group (n=2). The treatment group had injection of 0.1 mL (107 cfu/mL) suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the vertebral body T12. They were incubated for 2 to 14 weeks. One rabbit per period of 2, 4, 6, and 14 weeks was euthanized to collect feces, urine, saliva, and tissue lesions. The control group had only feces, urine, and saliva to detect bacteria using AFB staining, culture, and PCR. Both two groups were kept in individual cages. They were put together in a large cage for 3 hours every day to interact with each other. AFB staining, culture, and radiological examination showed negative result, but in one rabbit, histopathological examination showed positive result and PCR examination in another rabbit of the treatment group. Spreading score was 1.05% and infected score was 0 (null). The procedure did not reveal the potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document