scholarly journals Use of Space and the Need for Planning in the Disaster-Prone Area of Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Rini Rachmawati ◽  
Charina Vertinia Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Value Integration ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The Code Riverbank is prone to flooding from lahars due to the regular eruption of Mount Merapi. The study focuses on the affected areas in Danurejan, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is 1) to identify and analyze the use of space after the disaster, and 2) to analyze the action as well as spatial planning needs after the disaster. Data were collected from secondary and primary data. The primary data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and  focus group discussions. The results show that the utilization of space in the anticipation of the lahar flood disaster is still limited to the construction of an elevated levee. Research findings suggest attention should be brought to the utilization of space related to vulnerable groups. Also, public participation, preparation of design toward ecotourism and economic value, integration of risk analysis, and spatial distribution of risk should be aggregated into a detailed spatial plan. Abstrak Tepi Sungai Code merupakan daerah rawan terhadap banjir lahar yang disebabkan oleh erupsi Gunungapi Merapi. Penelitian ini menfokuskan pada daerah terdampak di Danurejan, Kota Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa fungsi ruang setelah bencana, dan 2) untuk menganalisa tindakan perencanaan ruang yang dibutuhkan setelah bencana. Data dikumpulkan dari data sekunder dan primer. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi, interview mendalam, dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan ruang dalam antisipasi dari bencana banjir lahar masih terbatas  untuk pembangunan peninggian tanggul. Temuan penelitian menyarankan perlunya perhatian terhadap pemanfaatan ruang untuk kelompok yang rentan. Selain itu juga perlunya partisipasi publik dalam pemanfaatan ruang, penyiapan design ekowisata dan kegiatan bernilai ekonomi. Selan itu juga perlu adanya integrasi analisis risiko dan distribusi spasial dari risiko yang  dituangkan dalam  rencana rinci tata ruang.  

Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants: The context of contemporary Diaspora

Human Affairs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Akanle ◽  
Olanrewau Olutayo
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractUnderstanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-first century as an interface between the contemporary Diaspora, this article engaged kinship within international migration. This is a major behavioural and socio-economic force in Nigeria. Methodological triangulation was adopted as part of the research design and primary data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and life histories of international migrants were documented and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with kin of returnees. The article found and concluded that while returnees continued to appreciate local kinship infrastructures, the infrastructures were liable to reconstruction primarily determined by dominant support situations in the traditional African kinship networks.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Saleh ◽  
Rokhani Rokhani ◽  
Rizal Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
External Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Depth Interviews

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJURAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menelusuri permasalahan-permasalahan pada tingkat komunitas yang mendasari gagasan pengembangan Posdaya, (2) Mengetahui pola sinergitas dalam usaha mengatasi permasalahan sosial pada empat pilar program Posdaya, (3) Mengkaji dukungan eksternal dan kewirausahaan terhadap modal sosial. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan, dimulai Bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2013 di 20 Posdaya di Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor dan Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dengan berkuesioner (wawancara terstruktur) kepada 199 informan dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, kemudian dilakukan penajaman dengan metode triangulasi guna memperoleh kombinasi data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut (1) Pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan menghadapi berbagai permasalahan diantaranya kondisi sumberdaya manusia, program yang direncanakan, dan pendampingan. (ii) Pola sinergitas memiliki 12 dimensi kerjasama yang dikaji dalam studi ini. Sembilan dimensi merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar lembaga, dimana Posdaya yang dikaji berstatus sebagai mitra penerima program. dan (iii) Dukungan eksternal kepada kegiatan di empat pilar posdaya cukup baik. Namun demikian, perlu adanya pendekatan dan komunikasi yang lebih baik terhadap para stakeholders di lokasi posdaya. Berdasarkan identifikasi dalam kajian ini, pola pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial diperoleh bahwa pilar kesehatan menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengembangannya, kemudian pilar pendidikan. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, pengentasan kemiskinan, modal sosial, kewirausahaan sosial Support External Relations and Entrepreneurship Through Social Capital Model against Posdaya in Bogor, Bogor and Cianjur Districts Abstract This study aims to exploring the issues at the community level that the underlying idea Posdaya development, knowing the patterns of synergy in efforts to overcome social problems on the four pillars of the program Posdaya, and assessing the external support and entrepreneurship to social capital. The study was conducted over six months, starting in May to October 2013 in 20 Posdayas in Bogor district, Bogor and Cianjur. The research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with quesioner (structured interviews) to 199 informants, and focus group discussions, and then do the sharpening of the triangulation method to obtain accurate data combinations. The results showed as follows: (i) The development of social capital and entrepreneurial facing various problems including human condition, planned and mentoring programs (ii) The pattern of cooperation synergy has 12 dimensions studied in this study. Nine dimensions is a form of inter-agency cooperation, which examined Posdaya recipient's status as a partner program and (iii) external support to the activities in the four pillars Posdaya, pretty good. However, the presence of approaches and the need for better communication to the stakeholders in Posdaya‘s location. Based on the identification in this study, the pattern of development of social capital and social entrepreneurship obtained pillars of health a top priority in its development followed a pillar of education. Keywords: empowerment, poverty alleviation, social capital, social entrepreneurship

scholarly journals Bargaining with social construction of gender identities: transgender realities in Cumilla, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Shamema Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Transgender Women ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Counseling ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: This study explored the agency of intention of transgender women within everyday forms of resistance (thought, desire, intension, and communication) against the rigorous binary biological composition and gender identities in Bangladesh's social context. Transgender women ask society to take distinct and subjective gender identities thoughtfully and uphold their right to make a transition. Transgender women go through the psychological narrative where a specific sex organ does not outline the intact gender identifications. They want to be accepted, understood and supported by establishing their inner gender identities endeavored to their agency and deconstruction of customary gender identities. Methods: The study was conducted at Kaptan Bazar, Cumilla Sadar in Cumilla, Bangladesh; twenty in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were adopted to gather primary data. The study participants engaged with various projects and contributed health services and social counseling to other transgender and male sex workers.Results: The result considered transgender womans agency grounded in internal sharing, communication, daily activities, and viewpoints of identity position. Informal, undeclared thoughts, actions, and experiences portrayed numerous connections to their agency of intention. Encounters of participants presented a profound explanation of everyday resistance.Conclusions: The agency of intention of transgender women may create a dialogue against socio-cultural prejudice and structural injustice; simultaneously, it can intersect a better consequence in proper contexts.

scholarly journals Strategi Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Berbasis Komunitas dalam Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Wahyu Larasati ◽  
Agnes Sunartiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Processing Program ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Processing Group

This article explains the strategy of managing the community resources in corporate social responsibility programs. For instance, this research aims to enrich studies on community empowerment strategies trough exploration of community empowerment programs conducted by corporates. This research uses a qualitative research method. Also, primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with the Sumbersari Village Cattle Group Society members, the Terapan Village Banana Processing Group administrators, Petrokimia Corporate of Gresik program assistants, and Petrokimia Corporate of Gresik staff. Furthermore, the research findings show that the sustainability strategy adopted by Petrokimia Corporate of Gresik is different for each program. In its implementation, Petrokimia Corporate of Gresik concerns on the plan for community empowerment sustainability programs, primarily based on an investigation and analysis of the needs, potential, and problems in both villages. These are due to differences in needs, potential, and problems in the two empowerment programs. These differences indicate that each region has its uniqueness in terms of variations, resources, and local responsibilities. The sustainability strategy implemented in the Cattle Program is potential integration and product diversification, while in the Banana Processing Program is adopted by product diversification.Artikel ini menjelaskan strategi pengelolaan sumber daya masyarakat dalam program tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Untuk itu, artikel ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya kajian mengenai strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui eksplorasi program-program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada pengurus Paguyuban Kelompok Ternak Sapi Desa Sumbersari dan Kelompok Pengolahan Pisang Desa Terapan, tenaga pendamping program, dan staf Perusahaan Petrokimia Gresik.  Studi ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan strategi keberlanjutan yang diterapkan oleh Perusahaan Petrokimia Gresik dalam Program Ternak Sapi Desa Sumbersari dan Program Pengolahan Pisang Desa Terapan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya perbedaan kebutuhan, potensi, dan masalah dalam kedua program pemberdayaan tersebut. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukan bahwa setiap daerah memiliki kekhasnnya masing-masing dilihat dari variasi, sumber daya, dan tanggung jawab lokalnya. Strategi keberlanjutan yang diterapkan pada Program Ternak Sapi adalah integrasi potensi dan diversifikasi produk, sedangkan pada Program Pengolahan Pisang adalah diversifikasi produk.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TERJADINYA KEPEMILIKAN TANAH ABSENTEE DI KECAMATAN TONDANO SELATAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Jeine Leyliana Robot ◽  
Caroline Betsi Diana Pakasi ◽  
Noortje Marselianie Benu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research Period

The research aims to analyze the factors causing the absentee / guntai ownership of agricultural land and to analyze the decision making by the Land Office of Minahasa District in terms of absentee / guntai ownership of agricultural land in Tondano District, Minahasa Regency. The research location is located in Tondano Selatan Sub-district, Minahasa Regency, and Land Office of Minahasa Regency. The research period lasted for five months, namely, January to June 2020. The data used consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through in-depth interviews (In-depth Interview). Secondary data were obtained from available data from other sources such as documents related to the discussion, literature, and documentation that were in accordance with the research objectives. The samples in this study were chosen deliberately. The sample of this research includes 2 kinds of samples, namely, the key sample and the main sample. This study used a qualitative data analysis method. The results showed that the determinant factors causing absentee land ownership are: knowledge factors, awareness factors, cultural factors, law enforcement factors, and economic value factors. Meanwhile, decision-making in enforcing the rules regarding the absentee prohibition of land ownership in Tondano Selatan District, Minahasa Regency has not been implemented optimally.*eprm*

scholarly journals TINGKAT KERENTANAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI KECAMATAN XIII KOTO KAMPAR, PROVINSI RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Enny Insusanty ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan ◽  
Ervayenri Ervayenri ◽  
Emy Sadjati
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research was conducted to determine the exposure, sensitivity and adaptation of the community in mitigating climate change and to obtain a map of the level of vulnerability of the community in mitigating climate change. This study uses secondary data and primary data with the survey method using a questionnaire of 75 respondents by purposive sampling which is a community in 3 (three) villages in District XIII Koto Kampar. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with village heads, farmer groups, community leaders and focus group discussions. Data processing is done by Excel, software Arc Gis 9.3 to obtain a map of the level of vulnerability of the community. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The level of exposure and sensitivity of Pulau Gadang Village, Koto Mesjid and Tanjung Alai are included in the criteria of moderate. For the level of adaptation measured by the criteria of health, education, electricity and road infrastructure of Pulau Gadang Village and Koto Masjid, the criteria are rather high, while Tanjung Alai Village is of moderate criteria. The level of vulnerability in the three villages includes the level of moderate vulnerability

scholarly journals Strategi Integrasi Pendidikan Kebencanaan Dalam Optimalisasi Ketahanan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Merapi

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zela Septikasari ◽  
Yulia Ayriza
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Disaster Education ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research were  to analyzed the disaster education integration strategy in primary school in disaster-prone area III of Sleman Regency, and  to analyzed the implications of disaster education in the community resilience to faced the eruption of Mount Merapi. The research was conducted with using  qualitative research with primary data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that primary schools of disaster alert schools in disaster-prone areas III of Sleman District had undertaken various strategies in the integration of disaster education. Disaster education integration strategies include  (1).  Disaster education integration strategy using newspapers as instructional media, (2). Disaster education integration strategy with real object media by bringing students to the object directly, (3). Disaster education integration strategy by using the media images and student worksheet random word volcano eruption of Mount Merapi. Disaster education integration strategies implemented could improve students' disaster knowledge and skills in coping with disasters to be transferred to families, thereby maximizing the community resilience in the face of disasters. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk  menganalisis strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan pada sekolah dasar pada kawasan rawan bencana III Kabupaten Sleman, dan untuk  menganalisis implikasi pendidikan kebencanaan dalam  ketahanan masyarakat menghadapi bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah dasar sekolah siaga bencana pada KRB III Kabupaten Sleman telah melakukan berbagai macam strategi dalam integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan. Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan yang dilakukan adalah (1). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan menggunakan surat kabar sebagai media pembelajaran, (2). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan media obyek nyata dengan membawa siswa ke obyek secara langsung, (3). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan menggunakan media gambar dan LKS acak kata bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi. Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan yang dilaksanakan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam menghadapi bencana yang akan ditransfer pada keluarga, sehingga akan memaksimalkan ketahanan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana. 

scholarly journals Highlighting the Relevance of Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Nurses in Ghanaian Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Charles Owusu-Aduomi Botchwey
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Provision of quality and accessible health services comes with its challenges. Therefore, the need to highlight how motivation and job satisfaction can impact nurses’ performances at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital. Objectives: The research aimed to practically highlight nurses’ motivation and job satisfaction by identifying what constituted motivation packages of nurses and how the work they did could give them satisfaction at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital. Methods: The research employed a qualitative method with a case study design. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions (data triangulation) were used for primary data collection. A total of 40 respondents, including ten key informants, were selected using the purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Results: The research found that the recognition of needs of nurses, improved remunerations, enhanced conditions of service of the nurses’, regular payment of nurses’ salaries’, the institution of study leave with pay policy, among others, were considered as factors that could contribute to nurses’ motivation and job satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the findings of other studies. Again, the study found that professional allowances paid to nurses, reduced rent, and the like are current motivation packages directed at nurses at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital. Conclusion: It is important to state that for motivation to accomplish its intended purpose, there is the need for the hospital to identify the individual needs to satisfy to enhance job satisfaction.

PERSEPSI KEAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP SITUS PURBAKALA GUNUNG PADANG CIANJUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Nanang Rustandi ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Gunung Padang site, Cianjur District, a prehistoric cultural heritage becomes a concern because community activities also juxtaposed religious worships. The problems arise when various perception of the site’s existence is linked to myths. The focus is explored on how religious people related to the perception of Gunung Padang’s existence and restoration. This study uses qualitative research method using two data sources. The primary data are obtained from document studies, field observations, and in depth interviews. Secondary data are obtained from books, journals and other research documents. To analyze the relationship between community religious perceptions and culture of ancient sites, phenomenological approach is applied. The results indicate that religious perception over the site is strongly influenced by the process of integrating local religious and cultural understanding passed down for generations. The form of religious expressions are in form of belief, rite, and community. From the research findings, it arises a configuration of society’s religious perception towards Gunung Padang which integrates religion, culture, and belief (syncretism) characterized by local wisdom. Keywords: Religion; Culture; Society; Site; Myth

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERADAAN PASAR MODERN DI DAERAH DESTINASI WISATA (Studi di Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat)

AdBispreneur ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Bambang Hermanto ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Ratna Meisa Dai
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to analyze the existence of modern markets in terms of geographical, demographic, spatial planning, tourism potential, and rules of its founding. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of exploratory research. This research was conducted in the tourist area of Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Primary data sources were obtained from observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, while secondary data were obtained from scientific articles and other related documents. The results showed that in Pangandaran Regency, the number of modern markets in operation included: Indomaret 58%, Alfamart 34%, Yomart 4%, Kuckmart, and Srikaton respectively 2%. When viewed from the geographical, demographic, spatial and regional planning, tourism potential, and the rules for establishing a modern market, the existence of a modern market is still needed with a few notes. First, the location distribution has not been evenly distributed to all tourist distillation areas. Second, there are some rules that are violated both in the rules of the establishment and operating hours. The impact of these problems will affect micro and small businesses And services to tourist visitors. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan pasar modern ditinjau dari aspek  geografis, demografis, rencana tata ruang, potensi wisata, dan aturan pendirianya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksploratif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di daerah wisata Kabupaten Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari artikel ilmiah dan dokumen terkait lainnya.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Pangandaran jumlah pasar modern yang beroperasi, antara lain : Indomaret 58%, Alfamart 34%, Yomart 4%, Kuckmart, dan Srikaton masing-masing 2%. Apabila ditinjau dari aspek geografis, demografis, rencana tata ruang dan wilayah, potensi wisata, serta aturan pendirian pasar modern, maka keberadaan pasar modern masih dibutuhkan dengan beberapa catatan. Pertama, distribusi lokasi belum merata ke seluruh wilayah distinasi wisata. Kedua, ada beberapa peraturan yang dilanggar baik dalam aturan pendirian maupun jam operasional.  Dampak dari masalah tersebut berakibat kepada para pelaku usaha mikro dan kecil dan pelayanan kepada pengunjung wisata.

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