Screening of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Mimosa pudica in Bali Island

This study aims to determine the screening of endophytic bacteria isolatd from Mimosa pudica in Bali Island. This research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out by taking a sample of the root of the shy daughter plant which was then washed and dried on a tissue.. Hypersensitivity test followed Klement and Goodman (1967) by growing bacteria in a petri dish containing 100% TSA and NA.Tests were carried out by growing endophytic bacteria in 100% NA and TSA media. Isolation of the roots of the Mimusa pudica plant resulted in 43 isolates. The resulting isolates then passed the hypersensitive test so that 27 isolates were selected. A total of 27 isolates were then tested for hemolysis on blood agar. The final results obtained were 12 endophytic bacterial isolates which were then used in the next practicum. The results showed that the endophytic bacterial isolates were not able to inhibit the fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp., when using the inhibition percentage formula. This is because the average diameter of the pathogenic fungi colonies in the control treatment (R1) with the average diameter of the pathogenic fungi colonies in the endophytic treatment (R2) has the same size, so that when calculated by the percentage inhibition formula it results in the number 0 which means no. there is a zone of inhibition.

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Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9071448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1448

Author(s):

Lei Gao ◽

Jinbiao Ma ◽

Yonghong Liu ◽

Yin Huang ◽

Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Isolation Effect ◽

Aral Sea ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Aral Sea Basin ◽

Soil Borne Pathogens

Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria associated with halophytic samples growing on the shore of the western Aral Sea in Uzbekistan were investigated. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the nine halophytic samples by using the culture-dependent method and identified according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The screening of endophytic bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi was completed by the plate confrontation method. A total of 289 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the nine halophytes, and they belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The predominant genera of the isolated endophytic bacteria were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces, accounting for 38.5%, 24.7%, and 12.5% of the total number of isolates, respectively. The comparative analysis indicated that the isolation effect was better for the sample S8, with the highest diversity and richness indices. The diversity index of the sample S7 was the lowest, while the richness index of samples S5 and S6 was the lowest. By comparing the isolation effect of 12 different media, it was found that the M7 medium had the best performance for isolating endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in the western Aral Sea Basin. In addition, the results showed that only a few isolates have the ability to produce ex-enzymes, and eight and four endophytic bacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Valsa mali and Verticillium dahlia, respectively. The results of this study indicated that halophytes are an important source for the selection of microbes that may protect plant from soil-borne pathogens.

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Evaluation of essential oil of Cymbopogon distans and Cinnamomum tamala against plant pathogenic fungi

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.v0iof.7641 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gaurav Naik ◽

Ujjwal Bhandari ◽

Garima Gwari ◽

Hema Lohani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Postharvest Diseases ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Cinnamomum Tamala ◽

Fusarium Sp

Resistance to conventional fungicides causes the poor disease control of agriculture plant essential oils have a great potential as novel fungicide sources for controlling pathogenic fungi. In this study antifungal activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon distans and Cinnamomum tamala were evaluated in vitro against ten plants pathogenic fungal activity was evaluated with three replicates. The result showed C. distans and C. tamala essential oil with maximum zone of inhibition against Fusarium sp. (12.53 ± 0.97 mm) and P. aurantiogriseum (12.06 ± 0.52 mm) while minimum activity was seen against R. solani (6.83 ± 0.41, 6.16 ± 0.16 mm) zone of inhibition respectively. The highest efficacy was observed for C.distans essential oil where the MIC values 0.625 mg/ ml against A. flavus and Pythium sp. So, plant essential oils have the potential to replace the synthetic fungicides in the management of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables.

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Diversity and biological activity of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

AIMS Microbiology ◽

10.3934/microbiol.2021021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 336-353

Author(s):

Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽

◽

Burak Alaylar ◽

Kakhramon Davranov ◽

Stephan Wirth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens

<abstract> <p>Endophytes colonizing plant tissue play an essential role in plant growth, development, stress tolerance and plant protection from soil-borne diseases. In this study, we report the diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (<italic>Calendula officinalis</italic> L.) by using 16S rRNA gene analysis and their plant beneficial properties. A total of 42 bacterial isolates were obtained from plant tissues of marigold. They belonged to the genera <italic>Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Xanthomonas, Rathayibacter, Agrobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas</italic>, and <italic>Beijerinckia</italic>. Among the bacterial strains, <italic>P. kilonensis</italic> FRT12, and <italic>P. rhizosphaerae</italic> FST5 showed moderate or vigorous inhibition against three tested plant pathogenic fungi, <italic>F. culmorum, F. solani</italic> and <italic>R. solani</italic>. They also demonstrated the capability to produce hydrolytic enzymes and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Five out of 16 isolates significantly stimulated shoot and root growth of marigold in a pot experiment. The present study reveals that more than half of the bacterial isolates associated with marigold (<italic>C. officinalis</italic> L.) provided antifungal activity against one or more plant pathogenic fungi. Our findings suggest that medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity could be a source for selecting microbes with antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens or with plant growth stimulating potential. These isolates might be considered as promising candidates for the improvement of plant health.</p> </abstract>

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ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF SALT TOLERANT BACTERIA AND OPTIMIZATION OF THEIR CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF THE ACTIVITY

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

Pooja Verma ◽

Priyanka Chandra ◽

Kailash Prajapat ◽

Awtar Singh ◽

Parul Sundha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Agitation Rate ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Antagonistic Potential

The antagonistic potential of bacteria is being applied to biocontrol the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic fungi in plants that are one of the major threats to the growth and productivity of crop plants. In the present study, bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Microscopic analysis revealed that all three bacterial isolates were Gram-positive, rod-shaped and spore-forming. The isolates Bacillus subtilis BP171 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BP124 demonstrated salt tolerance up to 12% while Bacillus subtilis BP67 tolerated up to 10% of NaCl. All the three strains were screened against seven test pathogenic fungi like Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium sp. for their antagonistic activity. BP124 was found to be the most potent in comparison to BP67 and BP171. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BP124 demonstrated significantly highest (p<.0001) inhibition percentage against Fusarium sp., (61%) and Fusarium oxysporum (60%). The optimization of various parameters like pH, temperature, inoculum size, agitation, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources was carried out to enhance the antagonistic potential of bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the bacterial isolates were able to demonstrate significantly highest (p<.0001) antagonistic potential when inoculum size required for the growth was 1ml, agitation rate at 150 rpm, while the medium of pH at 7.0 and 30o C incubation temperature. Starch as carbon source and peptone as nitrogen source supported significantly highest (p<.0001) antagonistic activity against all the fungal pathogens for all the bacterial isolates. Therefore, the study showed that appropriate and optimum fermentation conditions can be of great importance in enhancing the antagonistic potential of bacterial isolates.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Pome granataum’s Endophytic Bacteria Against Pathogenic Microbe

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Putri Alfianti Sriwinahyu ◽

Prapti Sedijani ◽

Lalu Zulkifli

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Punica Granatum L ◽

Antimicrobial Assay

White pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of potential plant that can be use as an antimicrobial. The objective of this study was to determine antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria from white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbia (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Fusarium sp. fungi). The stages of the research were isolation endophytic bacteria, antimicrobial assay, and characterization of potential endophytic bacterial. Endophytic bacterial were isolated from bark, leaves, flower, and fruit peel of white pomegranate taken from Gebang Baru, Mataram District. Antimicrobial assay was then performed using agar diffusion method, using supernatant of endophytic bacteria, water as negative control or ciprofloxacin as positive control. The potential isolates were characterized using Gram staining and biochemical test. The results showed that 2 endophytic bacterial isolates (DNX2 and BNG1) show strong activity against S. aureus, 3 endophytic bacterial isolates (BTG1, DNX11, and BNG1) show strong activity against S dysentriae, and 1 isolate KLBX11 shows medium activity against Fusarium sp. fungi. Those isolates are gram-possitive with bacill-shaped and produce spores. It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain potential endophytic bacterial from white pomegranate are potential as an alternative source for antimicrobial compounds.

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EFEKTIFITAS RHIZOCTONIA MIKORIZA DALAM MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN ANGGREK PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS TERHADAP FUSARIUM SP.

JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA ◽

10.36728/afp.v14i2.287 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

R. Soelistijono

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Resistance Induction ◽

Fusarium Sp

This study examines the effectiveness of mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia resistance induction in Phalaenopsis amabilis against Fusarium sp. Fusarium solani is known as pathogens that attack many orchids P. amabilis (Chung et al., 2011) compared to other pathogenic fungi. Attack of Fusarium sp. will cause rot and yellow colored leaves. Until now there has been known as a biological control orchid against Fusarium sp. In this study tested the endurance locations in Sleman and Surakarta to see the effectiveness of a good orchid growth induced by Rhizoctonia mycorrhizal or not to attack by Fusarium sp. The results of the study showed that mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia able to inhibit the attack of Fusarium sp. It is shown by the value of the index of disease resistance Â (DSI) in P. amabilis orchid mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induced lower than that not induced. Mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction results in Sleman provide a more real than mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction in Surakarta.

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Antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from weed plant against stem end rot pathogen of pitaya in Vietnam

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00362-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

The Anh Luu ◽

Quyet Tien Phi ◽

Thi Thu Hang Nguyen ◽

Mai Van Dinh ◽

Bich Ngoc Pham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Weed Plant ◽

Seedling Biomass ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Positive Results

Abstract Background Fungal stem end rot disease of pitaya caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most destructive diseases in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. This study aimed to assess the antagonistic effects of some endophytic bacteria isolated from the weed plant (Echinochloa colonum) against A. alternata. Results A total of 19 endophytic bacteria were isolated and 5 of them presented in vitro antagonistic activity against A. alternata. Of five, strain EC80 significantly inhibited the pathogenic growth with a mean inhibition diameter of 11.88 ± 0.08 mm, while the other four (C79, EC83, EC90, and EC97) showed a weak inhibition. Interestingly, the combination of EC79 and EC80 reduced more biomass of pathogenic fungi than the single one did. EC79 showed positive results for amylase, indole acetic acid (IAA), and biofilm production, whereas EC80 presented positive capabilities for IAA and biofilm production and a negative one for amylase production. In addition, the combined filtrate of EC79 and EC80 presented non-antifungal activity on biocontrol tests in vitro, indicating that bacteria cells played a role in defending against the pathogen. Moreover, both isolates EC79 and EC80 significantly increased seedling biomass than the control. Conclusions The results suggest that those two strains in combination had the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against A. alternata. More studies should be done in the future to evaluate their efficiency under the field conditions.

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Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Pelarut Fosfat dan Penghasil Hidrogen Cyanide (HCN) dari Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L).

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.20.1.9-16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ryan Hilda Wandita ◽

Sri Pujiyanto ◽

Agung Suprihadi ◽

Ratih Dewi Hastuti

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Economic Value ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Onions (Allium cepa L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia and is often used as seasoning and traditional medicine. Onion has a high economic value and fluctuating prices so that domestic onion production needs to be improved, one of them with a presence of endophytic bacteria that act as plant growth promoting agent or Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Endophytic bacteria isolated from the root, leaves, and bulbs. In this research has been tested endophytic bacteria of onion plants from Garut regency which has PGPB factors such as able to dissolve phosphate, and produce HCN. The results obtained 251 isolates of endophytic bacteria. Based on the characterization results, the superior isolates capable of dissolving phosphate with an average diameter of 0.45 cm is isolate II.B.1D.3, and 11 isolates capable of producing high HCN. These isolates can be used as PGPB agents so that they can be useful in increasing plant growth and onion production and biocontrol in suppressing pathogens. Keywords: PGPB, endophyte, onion, phosphate, HCN

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Stimulatory Effects of Sublethal Doses of Dimethachlon on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-13-1059-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 1364-1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Feng Zhou ◽

Hong-Jie Liang ◽

Ya-Li Di ◽

Hong You ◽

Fu-Xing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Sublethal Doses ◽

Fungal Phytopathogens ◽

Plant Disease Management

Growth and virulence stimulations of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes have been reported and the stimulatory effects are potentially relevant to plant disease management. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating and economically important necrotrophic fungal phytopathogens, capable of infecting more than 400 species of plants worldwide. In order to study stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on S. sclerotiorum, 55 dimethachlon-sensitive isolates and 3 dimethachlon-resistant isolates of S. sclerotiorum were assayed to determine effects of sublethal doses of dimethachlon on mycelial growth rate on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and virulence on oilseed rape plants. Results showed that all 3 dimethachlon-resistant isolates and 13 of the 55 sensitive isolates exhibited stimulatory responses to sublethal doses of dimethachlon. Dimethachlon-resistant isolates grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on PDA media amended with dimethachlon at 0.5 to 4 μg/ml than on fungicide-free PDA media. As for virulence on detached leaves of oilseed rape plants, lesion diameters of dimethachlon-resistant isolates after growth on PDA media amended with dimethachlon at 0.5 to 2 μg/ml were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than the control. The maximum stimulatory effects were 42.40 to 59.80%. In pot experiments, for both dimethachlon-sensitive and -resistant isolates, significant (P < 0.05) virulence stimulations were observed after spraying with dimethachlon at a concentration of 2 μg/ml. After growing on dimethachlon-amended PDA media, H2O2 sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the nonamended PDA control.

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Spray-induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake

10.1101/2021.02.01.429265 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lulu Qiao ◽

Chi Lan ◽

Luca Capriotti ◽

Audrey Ah-Fong ◽

Jonatan Nino Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Cell Types ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Plant Disease Management ◽

Fungal Genes

AbstractRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited, and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence-related genes in the pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen RNA uptake efficiency.

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