scholarly journals Black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), as a potential threat to the coffee production

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (E) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Túler ◽  
Wilson R. Valbon ◽  
Hígor S. Rodrigues ◽  
Luína R. Noia ◽  
Lucas M. L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
Black Twig Borer ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

In robusta coffee, Coffea canephora, the black twig borer Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes considerable damage. Although this has been reported in many crops for years in Brazil, recently, the injury caused by X. compactus in coffee has been ignored. This present study aimed to report the current status of X. compactus in Brazil, and to investigate its attack frequency in different robusta coffee genotypes. In this study, we reported the occurrence of X. compactus in robusta coffee plants in the state of Rondônia for the first time. We also evaluated the occurrence of this pest in different robusta coffee genotypes in the state of Espírito Santo. In all plants, the plagiotropic branches were attacked; however, the genotypes G2, G6, G8, G20, G48, G50, G51 and G52 showed a high number of attacked plagiotropic branches, whereas the genotypes G24 and G41 showed a low attack frequency. Thus, these can be promising candidates for pest resistance studies. Moreover, it was reported that Almeidea rubra, Alseis floribunda, Plinia grandifolia and Casearia Sylvestris can serve as hosts of X. compactus. Thus, our findings suggest that X. compactus is a threat to coffee production, and that future studies are necessary to find appropriate tools for its management.

scholarly journals Bases for the Establishment of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) as a New Crop for Colombia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Luis F. Campuzano-Duque ◽  
Juan Carlos Herrera ◽  
Claire Ged ◽  
Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
New Crop

Robusta coffee (C. canephora) covers 36% of world coffee production and has strategic relevance as a beverage that it is produced by thousands of small-scale producers around the world. Although mainly grown in Africa and Asia as opposed to Latin America, this situation is changing. Colombia is recognized as a producer of high-quality Arabica (C. arabica L.) coffee, however we argue that Robusta represents a great economic opportunity for small scale producers, for the industrialization of new products and for emerging coffee chains. Therefore, the objective of this review is to outline the agronomic value of Robusta coffee as a “new crop” in Colombia. As background we compare the better-known Arabica to the Robusta coffees from a Latin American perspective. Robusta shows differences in geographical distribution, genetics, originating species, physiology and phenology. Robusta and Arabica also differ in their chemistry, sensory attributes, industrial use, segments of market and price. Despite the marked differences between the two coffees, the popularity and consumption of Robusta has been on the increase due to the expansion of markets in emerging economies and in developed markers for home espresso preparation where it is used in high quality coffee blends. Robusta is currently replacing areas of other coffees due to hotter temperatures to which it is adapted. Although Robusta is still new to Colombia, this species has potential adaptation in lowland areas considered “non-traditional” for Colombian coffee cultivation and as a valuable component of agro-ecological production systems. Robusta is a novel crop option for certain regions that is needed for the future of coffee in Latin America and for growth of coffee production and consumption in Colombia.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PYRACLOSTROBIN PADA PEMBENTUKAN BUAH KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora)

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Wiharyanti Nur Lailiya ◽  
Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono ◽  
Eko Widaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plantation Crops

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of the commodities that have high economic value among other plantation crops. Coffee is also one of the three non-alcoholic beverages (coffee, tea, chocolate) are widespread. Indonesia and among the countries located in the international coffee world, because Indonesia is the third largest coffee exporter after Brazil and Vietnam. Coffee production in Indonesia reached an average of 11.250 tonnes per year. The purpose of this study is studying the ability of pyraclostrobin on coffee fertilization, thereby reducing the occurrence of fruit drop and determining the appropriate concentrations for spraying treatment pyraclostrobin on fertilization and reduce fruit drop robusta coffee. This study was conducted in January-September 2016 in the coffee plantation Tlogosari, Tirtoyudo subdistrict, Malang regency which is located at the altitude of 560 m above sea level. The method that used in this study is a randomized block design, consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. While the treatment is P0 (without spraying), P1 (Spraying once a week with a concentration of 150 ppm), P2 (Spraying once a week with a concentration of 300 ppm), P3 (Spraying once a week with a concentration of 450 ppm), P4 (Spraying once a week  with a concentration of 600 ppm), P5 (Spraying once a week with a concentration of 750 ppm). Giving pyraclostrobin with a concentration of 600 ppm may increase the amount of fruit compared to the treatment without giving pyraclostrobin.

scholarly journals Ukraine’s Public Debt: Current Status and Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
L. O. Petyk ◽  
◽  
N. V. Horanska ◽  
N. D. Saranchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
External Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Main Factors

In today’s conditions, it is quite problematic to pick out a State that does not use borrowings in order to further finance the needs of the State budget. Therefore, one of the most important problems of the economy of each country is the problem of changing the volume of public debt. The concept of public debt is immediately associated with a negative phenomenon. However, the experience of many countries shows the opposite – public debt is within the permissible limits of no potential threat to the economy. However, in Ukraine, its indicators in recent years have been steadily increasing and far exceeding the limits of the norm. This tendency is due to a number of factors on which the amount of public debt depends. The article is aimed at disclosing the theoretical aspects of the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt of Ukraine, as well as their differences. The structure of the debt and its volumes during 2016-2020 are researched. The views of foreign and domestic researchers on determining the concept of the aggregate public debt are considered. As result of the study, the current status of Ukraine’s public debt is reflected and the dynamics of both the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt in terms of their components have been analyzed for the past four years. The dependence of both the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt on the size of gross domestic product is considered. The share of the internal and the external debt in the composition of the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt respectively is analyzed. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the factors that affect the change in debt volumes, the main factors and causes that led to the growth of both the public and the State-guaranteed debt in Ukraine are defined, as well as the main trends and specific features of its formation. As a result, measures are proposed to overcome these problems.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O. B. Berezovska-Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

  In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

scholarly journals An appraisal of geohydrological status and assessment of groundwater quality of Indpur Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Palmajumder ◽  
Susanta Chaudhuri ◽  
Vikas K. Das ◽  
Sisir K. Nag
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
The State ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Bankura District

AbstractThe present work aimed to evaluate the overall hydro-geological status of Indpur block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Despite of having adequate annual precipitation, south-western districts of the state of West Bengal, India, are considered to be a significantly water-stressed area of the state. This is because of unfavorable geological setting near to subsurface occurrence of impervious lithology and inundated nature of surface drainage pattern. The study was carried out both in pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2019 to obtain an updated current status on concentration and spatiotemporal fluctuations of controlling ions of the subsurface water. Estimation of major physicochemical parameters and specific qualitative chemical characterization of groundwater were rated through field and laboratory studies. Water samples were collected from twenty-two equidistantly scattered tube wells in the block. Seasonal variations of water table elevation heads and subsurface shift of predominant recharge zones of the block were also demarked. Drinking, domestic and irrigation suitability of the block water were measured by the estimation of parameters such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Total Hardness (TH) and Kelly’s ratio (KR) and piper trilinear plots. Sustainable non-availability of groundwater seems to be the major problem of the studied area, which intern resulted in overexploitation, mostly for cultivation practices causing considerable depletion of its suitability as drinking and irrigation. Further, results show that suitability of the water both for domestic and irrigation of the studied area may be termed as ‘good’ to ‘moderate’ with a few exceptions on a local scale. Judging by every parameter, it can be stated that groundwater of Indpur block is not much suitable for drinking purposes.

The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Devi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

Analisis Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrakk Biji Sangrai Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Tanaman Hasil Pemupukan Organik dan Anorganik

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Aida Qotrun Nada ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu ◽  
Ari Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
A Value ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Difference

Ground coffee is coffee beans that have been roasted, ground or ground so that they have a smooth shape. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of compounds in robusta coffee roasted seed extract (Coffea canephora) from plants produced by organic and inorganic fertilization, and to know the difference in compounds between the results of organic and inorganic fertilization. The characteristics of phytochemical screening were carried out qualitatively on alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins and the antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH (1,1-dipenyl-2-picrihidrazil) method. Phytochemical screening characteristic test results show that robusta coffee bean extract extract from the results of organic and inorganic fertilization both contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, while the antioxidant test activity of robusta coffee beans extracts shows differences based on the results of statistical tests of linear regression analysis with the IC50 value the highest antioxidant content was inorganic coffee roasted bean extract only 14.0629 ppm compared to the organic roasted extract with a value of 30.6159 ppmKeywords: Robusta Coffee (Coffea canophora), Phytochemical Screening, DPPH MethodABSTRAKKopi bubuk adalah biji kopi yang telah disangrai digiling atau ditumbuk sehingga mempunyai bentuk halus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta (Coffe canephora) dari tanaman hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik, dan mengetahui perbedaan senyawa antara hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik. Karakteristik skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid dan saponin dan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil). Hasil uji karakteristik skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta dari hasil pemupukan oganik dan anorganik keduanya sama mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin,  sedangkan pada aktifitas uji antioksidan ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta menunjukan perbedaan berdasarkan hasil uji statistik analisis regresi linear dengan nilai IC50 kadar antioksidan paling tinggi adalah ekstrak biji sangrai kopi anorganik hanya 14,0629 ppm dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sangrai dari organik dengan nilai 30,6159 ppm.Kata kunci : Kopi Robusta (Coffea canophera), Skrining Fitokimia, Metode DPPH

scholarly journals A Business Analysis Perspective for Engineering Education in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsafty ◽  
Hanaa El Sayad ◽  
Ibrahim Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Underlying Causes

This work examines engineering education in Egypt provided by state (government funded) universities. There have been concerns from all stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills. The chronic problems with higher education in Egypt in general have been previously reported in the Literature, but this paper provides insights form engineering academics with many years of experience in Egyptian engineering education and a fresh look from a business perspective at the phenomenon. In this manuscript, the institutions are analyzed using the integrated business anatomy model, in order to identify the underlying causes of the problems observed. The structural, operational and environmental (both external and internal) challenges that lead to the current status are clearly detected. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. Amongst these constraints is the legal and organizational framework in which the state funded universities operate. Other social, technological and economic factors also play important parts. The recipe for improvement provided by the authors has taken all these elements into consideration. This work hopes to provide focus and direction for future reform efforts.

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