scholarly journals TABU DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT INGIN JAYA ACEH BESAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Muhammad Chaizir
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Two Factors

Taboo is something forbidden to do which is still believed and practiced within the community even though people already live in the modern world and face globalization. Belief on taboo has long since existed from one generation to another. This study aimed to describe taboos in the community life of the people in Ingin Jaya Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study used field research approach with the qualitative method. The primary source of data came from interview, observation, and documentation. Library research was also carried out to support the data. The findings showed that the people of Ingin Jaya still believe various types of taboos. There are taboos involving hard and sharp objects such as prohibition in buying nails, needles, any hard/metal objects, and salt at night, prohibition in sitting under the stairs or at the door, and prohibition in sleeping under the open sky or no roof. The belief on taboos occurs due to two factors. The internal factors include family, education, and religious knowledge, while the external factor includes the socio-culture of the community which exists over generations. The community’s belief on taboos affects the people’ religious experiences in which the people tend to feel comfortable, safe, and secure whenever they follow the social rules by not violating those taboos.

scholarly journals Sistem Syarikah Abdan dalam Fikih Islam dan Contoh Penerapannya pada Era Kontemporer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Rahmat ◽  
Fitriah Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Mutual Agreement ◽  
Application Forms

Syarikah al-abdan is a form of muamalah that can be applied today in improving the welfare of the people. However, in practice today, it seems that there are problems among Muslims in seeing and sorting out the practice of syarikah al-abdan which is following the Shari'a. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to describe the syarikah al-abdan scheme and its current contemporary application forms. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive research approach with library research techniques and content analysis. The results of this study indicate that syarikah al-abdan is a form of business cooperation between two or more people preceded by mutual agreement in determining the results of the profits and/or wages between them. However, in its implementation, it is necessary to pay attention to the pillars and requirements of the syarikah al-abdan, and to consider the views of the majority of madhhab scholars and the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). In practice, this study describes the form of syarikah al-abdan in the profession of fisherman and tailor.

scholarly journals Visualisasi Rumah Gadang dalam Ekspresi Seni Lukis

Panggung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harissman Harissman ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Big House ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Shape And Size

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this art creation is to transform the values of Rumah Gadang into painting. Rumah Gadang (Big House) is a traditional house of Minangkabau ethnic in West Sumatera Province of Indonesia. Rumah Gadang is built on the pillars made from the wood. It has a high and big hollow on the ground, and its taper roof is a special characteristic that makes it different from other ethnic houses in the areas across the equator. Rumah Gadang has various types and names based on its shape and size, which depend on the community or ethnic group that builds the house. Rumah Gadang Batingkek (a big attic house) accommodates the system of Koto Piliang group, while Gajah Maharam (Incubated Elephants) is an identity of Rumah Gadang of Bodi Caniago community. Both models of the traditional houses above have been known as the identity of a Minangkabau traditional house. Methods used for this artwork are exploration, planning, and implementation of the artwork. Before practising these methods, the data has been explored through library research, empirical research, and field research. Idioms of the traditional houses expressed in the language of painting as an expression of the Painters in communicating their concern of changing the functions and values of Rumah Gadang in Minangkabau society today. By expressing through painting, it is hoped it can give awareness to the people to preserve the traditional values of Rumah Gadang, and also the continuity of appreciation to the house.Keywords: Rumah Gadang, art painting, traditional values, expression of the artABSTRAKPenelitian dalam penciptaan ini bertujuan untuk mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai Rumah Gadang ke dalam karya seni lukis. Rumah gadang merupakan rumah tradisional suku Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat. Rumah Gadang dibangun di atas tiang (panggung), mempunyai kolong yang tinggi, serta atapnya yang lancip, merupakan arsitektur yang khas yang berbeda dengan bangunan suku bangsa lain di daerah garis khatulistiwa. Rumah Gadang mempunyai nama dan jenis yang beraneka ragam menurut bentuk dan ukurannya, sesuai kaum atau suku yang membuatnya. Rumah Gadang Batingkek (rumah besar bertingkat) mengakomodasi sistem kelarasan Koto piliang, yang Rumah Gadangnya beranjuang, Gajah Maharam (gajah mengeram) mengidentitaskan Rumah Gadang kelarasan Bodi Caniago. Kedua model Rumah Gadang tersebut merupakan identitas bangunan etnis Minangkabau. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan eksplorasi, perancangan, dan eksekusi dari perwujudan karya seni. Pada tahap sebelumnya, dilakukan beberapa tahapan, yaitu studi pustaka, studi empirik dan studi lapangan. Dari penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa Idiom-idiom tradisi Rumah Gadang yang diungkapkan dengan bahasa seni lukis merupakan media ekspresi pencipta untuk mengomunikasikan kegelisahannya mengenai perubahan dan pengikisan nilai yang terjadi di Rumah Gadang sesuai perubahan zaman. Dengan media ungkap bahasa visual ini diharapkan dapat memberi penyadaran akan pentingnya nilai tradisi dalam konteks Rumah Gadang, serta terus diapresiasi. Kata kunci: Rumah Gadang, seni lukis, nilai-nilai tradisi, ekspresi seni 

scholarly journals MODEL PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH MUHAMMADIYAH BERKUALITAS MELALUI TRANSFORMASI KURIKULUM AIK (AL-ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN)

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Abdullah Aly
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Content Standards ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Islamic Religion

This study aims to describe the development model of quality Muhammadiyah schools through the transformation of the Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan curriculum. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with library research approach and field research, with document studies, observations and interviews as a method of data collection. The material object of this research is Muhammadiyah Junior High School (SMPM) 01 in Surakarta and Muhammadiyah Junior High School (SMPM) Plus in Klaten. The study produced two main conclusions. First, the efforts to develop quality of SMPM 01 in Surakarta and SMPM Plus in Klaten were carried out by means of AIK curriculum transformation. This method focuses on developing two standards, namely: content standards and process standards. In the context of content standards and process standards, both schools transform AIK curriculum by adding material on Islamic Religion that has been established by government regulations, and adding activities through strengthening AIK learning in the classroom, and increasing religious co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. Second, the AIK learning process has the potential to develop quality Muhammadiyah schools. Both schools use varied methods in developing classroom learning activities, and in religious co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. In this case, the teachers use learning methods in the form of: habituation, memorization, practice and repetition, question and answer, discussion, games, and practiceAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan model pengembangan sekolah Muhammadiyah yang berkualitas melalui transformasi kurikulum Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan, dengan studi dokumen, pengamatan dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Objek material dari penelitian ini adalah Sekolah Menengah Pertama Muhammadiyah (SMPM) 01 Surakarta dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama Muhammadiyah (SMPM) Plus Klaten. Dari penelitian ini dapat dihasilkan dua kesimpulan pokok. Pertama, upaya pengembangan sekolah Muhammadiyah berkualitas di SMPM 01 Surakarta dan SMPM Plus Klaten dilakukan dengan cara transformasi kurikulum AIK. Cara ini difokuskan pada pengembangan dua standar, yaitu: standar isi dan standar proses. Dalam konteks standar isi dan standar proses, kedua sekolah melakukan transformasi kurikulum AIK dengan cara menambah materi Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah ditetapkan oleh peraturan pemerintah, dan menambah kegiatan melalui penguatan pembelajaran AIK di kelas, dan menambah kegiatan ko-kurikuler dan ekstra-kurikuler keagamaan. Kedua, proses pembelajaran AIK sangat potensial untuk mengembangkan sekolah Muhammadiyah berkualitas. Kedua sekolah menggunakan metode yang bervariasi dalam mengembangkan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas, dan dalam kegiatan ko-kurikuler dan ekstra-kurikuler keagamaan. Dalam hal ini, para guru menggunakan metode pembelajaran berupa: pembiasaan, hafalan, latihan dan pengulangan, tanya jawab, diskusi, game, dan praktik.

scholarly journals Tradisi Ziarah Kubur Pasca Pernikahan (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Manisa, Kecamatan Baranti, Kabupaten Sidrap, Sulawesi Selatan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-293
Author(s):  
Syandri ◽  
Iskandar ◽  
Sulaiman Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Special Time

This study aimed to identify the process and purpose of the grave pilgrimage tradition after marriage in Manisa village, Baranti subdisctrict, Sidrap district, South Sulawesi, and also to examine the law of the custom in the view of Islamic law. This research employed a qualitative approach with the field study method (Field Research) and library research. The study shows that: 1. People ini Manisa village after celebrating their wedding they make grave pilgrimage in forms of such as: Determining a certain time according to the agreement of the bride and groom, preparing the necessary preparations such as water, kettles, and pandanus leaves, making ablution before going to the graveyard, praying before entering the cemetery, watering the grave with water mixed with pandanus leaves, holding the gravestone, praying for the late by reciting certain chapters finalized by surah Al-Fatihah. 2. Grave pilgrimage is one of the prescribed acts of worship but it should be in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet. As for what is found in the people of Manisa Urban Village, there are still a number of differences between what they do and what had been exemplified by the Messenger of Allah such as the determination of a special time for the grave pilgrimage, watering the grave, and seeking for blessing from the graves visited.

scholarly journals Integration Of Multicultural Values Based On Sundanese Local Wisdom (Silih Asah, Silih Asih, Silih Asuh) In History Learning In The Era Of Globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sarip Hidayatuloh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
History Learning

<p>The flow of golbalization which continues to experience development has changed the order of life of the people, which has made it increasingly lose our identity and the more fragile our spirit of diversity as a nation. Local wisdom is a characteristic of the nation that must be preserved. The integration of multicultural values based on local wisdom in historical learning in the era of a global perspective is how the role of a teacher in making students aware of tolerance, cooperation, love, respect, nationalism and so on, without leaving local wisdom values. exist in society. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The concept of silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh is a concept of harmony in Sundanese life. These three concepts are used as a philosophy of life that is adhered to by the majority of Sundanese people. Multicultural value education based on local wisdom from a global perspective, can be a means of cultivating and implementing good and correct character of the Indonesian nation by educating and teaching Sundanese local wisdom values (<em>silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh)</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Dampak Retribusi Jasa Umum Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Khaerul Umam ◽  
Yendri Iqbal Fadila
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
High Category ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
General Service

The target for public service levies is high every year but revenue realization is still far from the target. This shows the existence of fluctuations in revenue from general service levies on Kuningan's own-source revenue (PAD). This study aims to analyze the effect of public service levies on the original income of Kuningan Regency. The research approach used in this study is quantitative with an associative type of research. This research employed saturated sampling types. Techniques from data collection efforts were obtained through field research and library research. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it appears that public service fees have a positive effect, amounting to 0.514 for an increase in local own-source revenue and in the quite high category. This means that between public service levies and local own-source revenue (PAD) have a fairly high (positive) relationship. If public service levies are higher, it will be followed by higher local own-source revenues.

scholarly journals Kepercayaan dan Hegemoni dalam Cerpen “Dukun yang Selamat” Karya Joni Hendri (Kajian Hegemoni Gramsci)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Fajrul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Library Research ◽  
And Behaviors

The purpose of this study expresses trust and hegemony in a short story “Dukun yang Selamat” by Joni Hendri. Short Story “Dukun yang Selamat” interesting research because it contains differences in belief in the existence of shamans. The research approach used is Gramsci's hegemony, entering the realm of sociology of literature. This research belongs to the field of library research, not field research. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Research data obtained from words, phrases, sentences, and dialogues contained in short story “Dukun yang Selamat” which is relevant to belief and hegemony. The research data was analyzed by interpreting it according to the research approach used. The results showed differences in attitudes and behaviors towards figures Nenek Sari or a shaman is caused by the trust of each individual. The beliefs that have been adhered to and believed to be true are able to make a character Wak Atan acting that is not justified, which is to kill the shaman. The hegemony of belief is able to make Wak Atan marginalize the role of humans who are considered shamans.Keywords: Belief; hegemony; shaman; behavior; and role. IntisariTujuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan kepercayaan dan hegemoni dalam cerita pendek “Dukun yang Selamat” karya Joni Hendri. Cerpen “Dukun yang Selamat” menarik diteliti karena memuat perbedaan kepercayaan terhadap keberadaan dukun. Pendekatan penelitan yang dipakai adalah hegemoni Gramsci, masuk ranah sosiologi sastra. Penelitian ini masuk ranah penelitian kepustakaan, bukan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian didapatkan dari kata, frasa, kalimat, dan dialog yang terdapat dalam cerpen “Dukun yang Selamat” yang relevan dengan kepercayaan dan hegemoni. Data penelitian itu dianalisis dengan cara diinterpretasikan sesuai dengan pendekatan penelitian yang dipakai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan sikap dan perilaku terhadap tokoh Nenek Sari atau dukun disebabkan oleh kepercayaan tiap-tiap individu. Kepercayaan yang telah dianut dan diyakini kebenarannya mampu membuat tokoh Wak Atan bertindak yang tidak dibenarkan, yakni ingin membunuh dukun itu. Hegemoni kepercayaan mampu membuat Wak Atan memarjinalkan peran manusia yang dianggap sebagai dukun. Kata kunci: Kepercayaan; hegemoni; dukun; perilaku; dan peran.

SEJARAH BANTI-BANTI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN MANDATI 1 KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bini Bini ◽  
H. Anwar ◽  
H. Hayari
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Background Process ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini berutujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menguraikan sejarah, proses dan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam banti-banti pada masyarakat di Kelurahan Mandati I Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari (1) heuristik yakni mencari sumber melalui wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan penelitian lapangan, (2) kritik sumber terdiri atas kritik eksternal dan kritik internal guna mendapat data yang akurat, dan (3) historiografi yang dimaksudkan dalam bentuk tulisan secara sistematis dan kronologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: latar belakang pelaksanaan banti-banti pada masyarakat di Kelurahan Mandati I Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi, tidak diketahui secara pasti, namun dapat di perkirakan banti-banti dan Pobanti lahir sebelum masuknya Islam di Pulau Wangi-Wangi yakni sebelum abad ke-13. Sedangkan proses pelaksanaan banti-banti tersebut masuk dalam aktivitas masyarakat masyarakat Mandati seperti hembula’a gandu (penanaman jagung), kegiatan gotong royong, serta digunakan sebagai pengantar tidur. Disamping itu, banti-banti juga digunakan sebagai nyanyian yang mengiringi tari-tarian tradisional seperti, tari Lariangi, tari Badenda dan tari Pajogi. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam banti-banti yakni nilai agama, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, serta nilai bersahabat/komunikatif yang akan tampak dalam sikap dan perilaku masyarakat di Kelurahan Mandati I Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi. Kata Kunci:Latarbelakang, proses, dan nilai-nilai, banti-banti Description Alternative: ABSTRACT: This study aims to describe and describe the history, process and values contained in banti-banti in the community in Mandati I Village, Wangi-Wangi Selatan District, Wakatobi Regency. This research uses a historical method consisting of (1) heuristics that is looking for sources through interviews, library research, and field research, (2) source criticism consists of external criticism and internal criticism in order to obtain accurate data, and (3) historiography intended in writing systematically and chronologically. The results of the study show that: the background of the implementation of the bantis to the community in Mandati I Village, Wangi-Wangi Selatan District Wakatobi Regency is not known, but it can be predicted that Banti and Pobanti were born before the entry of Islam on Wangi-Wangi Island before 13th century. While the implementation of the banti-banti included in the Mandati community activities such as hembula'a gandu (planting corn), mutual cooperation activities, and used as a lullaby. Besides that, banti-banti is also used as a song that accompanies traditional dances such as Lariangi dance, Badenda dance and Pajogi dance. The values contained in the banti-banti namely religious values, honesty, responsibility, and friendly / communicative values that will appear in the attitudes and behavior of the people in Mandati I Village, Wangi-Wangi Selatan District, Wakatobi District. Keywords: Background, process, and values, banti-banti 

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ZISWAF’S IN RESTRUKTURING INDONESIA ECONOMY IN COVID-19 ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman Hakim ◽  
Pria Mitra ◽  
Farras Nabila ◽  
Ahmad Al-Badawi ◽  
Maya Panorama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Approach Method

Zakat, Infaq, Shodaqoh, and Waqf (ZISWAF) have great potential in Indonesia, especially the majority of Indonesian religious people according to the Ministry of Home Affairs (June 2021), amounting to 86.88% which is 236.53 million compared to 272.23 million. Based on the history when Umar Bin Abdul Aziz used ZISWAF, it was proven that ZISWAF was able to finance a country and its entire community. This research aims to provide solutions and the role of ZISWAF as one of the instruments of Sharia economy in dealing with the covid-19 pandemic. In this study, researchers used the Library Research approach method. From the data that has been mentioned that Indonesia will also advance not only on economic development and even able to make the people prosperous if ZISWAF is developed.

scholarly journals FAKTOR HEREDITAS DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN INTELLIGENSI ANAK USIA DINI

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Nur Amini ◽  
Naimah Naimah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Analyze Data

Heredity is defined as the totality of individual characteristics inherited from parents to children, or all potential, both physical and psychological, that an individual has since the conception (fertilization of the ovum by sperm) as inheritance from parents through genes. The genes a child receives from its parents at conception will affect all the characteristics and appearance of the child in the future. As for what parents pass down to their children is structural characteristics, not behavior obtained as a result of learning or experiences such as talents, hereditary traits, intelligence and also personality. This heredity factor has a greater influence on the development of a child's intelligence than the other two factors, namely environmental factors and general factors. Therefore, the researcher wants to examine more deeply the heredity factor (heredity) in influencing the development of early childhood intelligence. This research is a qualitative descriptive field research. Where the type of research used is the type of library research (library research), which is a study conducted in the library room to find and analyze data sourced from the library, whether in the form of books, magazines, newspapers, and so on. The data collection technique used by researchers is the documentation method, namely the method of collecting data or information by reading books, letters, announcements, meeting summaries, written statements, and other similar materials. Abstrak Hereditas diartikan sebagai totalitas karakteristik individu yang diwariskan orangtua kepada anak, atau segala potensi, baik fisik maupun psikis yang dimiliki individu sejak masa konsepsi (pembuahan ovum oleh sperma) sebagai pewarisan dari orangtua melalui gen-gen. Gen yang diterima anak dari orang tuanya pada saat pembuahan akan mempengaruhi semua karakteristik dan penampilan anak kelak. Adapun yang diturunkan orangtua kepada anaknya adalah sifat strukturnya bukan tingkah laku yang diperoleh sebagai hasil belajar atau pengalaman seperti bakat, sifat-sifat keturunan, intelligensi dan juga kepribadiannya. Faktor hereditas ini memberikan pengaruh lebih besar terhadap perkembangan intelligensi seorang anak dibanding dua faktor lainnya yaitu faktor lingkungan dan faktor umum. Maka dari itu peneliti ingin mengkaji lebih dalam faktor hereditas (keturunan) tersebut dalam mempengaruhi perkembangan intelligensi anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Dimana jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan di ruang perpustakaan untuk mencari dan menganalisis data yang bersumber dari perpustakaan, baik berupa buku, majalah, koran, dan lain sebagainya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode dokumentasi, yakni metode pengumpulan data atau informasi dengan cara membaca buku-buku, surat-surat, pengumuman, iktisar rapat, pernyataan tertulis, dan bahan-bahan sejenis lainnya. Kata Kunci : Faktor Hereditas, Perkembangan Intelligensi Anak Usia Dini

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