scholarly journals PERAN LINGKUNGAN DAN INDIVIDU TERHADAP MASALAH DIARE DI PULAU JAWA DAN BALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Ika Dharmayanti ◽  
Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Integration Data ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Diarrhea Disease ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT  Diarrhea is a major health problem in Indonesia with high morbidity and mortality rates. Unhealthy environment and unhygienic behavior are closely related to diarrhea disease. This study aims to identify the association between environmental conditions and behavior with the occurrence of diarrhea in Jawa and Bali. Data source used was the integration data of March’s Susenas and Riskesdas 2018. A logistic regression analysis was chosen to elicit the relationship between sanitation and drinking water facilities, open defecation practice, and other factors with the prevalence of diarrhea. The results showed that open defecation (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.29; P<0.001, and improper of household sanitation and drinking water (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.2; P = 0.003) had significant association with diarrhea. Other factors are age 0-5 years (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.46 to 1.66; P <0,001) and low education (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.47; P <0,001). This study shows the hygienic behavior is the essential factors to reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Therefore, it is recommended to to prioritize aspects of behavior and environmental health, namely changing people’s behavior to defecate in a latrine, and provide proper sanitation and sufficient drinking water. Keywords: Diarrhea; sanitation; drinking water; open defecation   ABSTRAK Penyakit diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang masih tinggi. Lingkungan yang tidak sehat dan perilaku tidak higienis sangat erat kaitannya dengan penyakit diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku dengan penyakit diare di pulau Jawa dan Bali. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data integrasi Susenas Maret dan Riskesdas 2018. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi logistik untuk melihat hubungan antara ketersediaan sanitasi dan air minum, perilaku buang air besar serta faktor lainnya terhadap kejadian diare. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor perilaku buang air besar sembarangan (OR = 1,2; 95% CI: 1,12 - 1,29; P <0,001) serta akses sanitasi dan air minum rumah tangga tidak layak/tidak tersedia (OR = 1,11; 95% CI: 1,04 - 1,2; P = 0,003) memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian diare. Faktor lainnya yaitu: usia 0-5 tahun (OR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,46 - 1,66; P <0,001) dan pendidikan rendah (OR = 1,33; 95% CI: 1,21 - 1,47; P <0,001).  Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku higienis sangat penting untuk menurunkan kejadian diare. Oleh karena itu direkomendasikan untuk mengutamakan aspek perilaku dan kesehatan lingkungan, yaitu merubah perilaku masyarakat untuk BAB di jamban, serta menyediakan sanitasi dan air minum yang layak. Kata kunci: Diare, sanitasi, sarana air minum, buang air besar sembarangan

scholarly journals The Alcohol Flushing Response is Associated with the Risk of Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghee Jeon ◽  
Heewon Kang ◽  
Inhyung Cho ◽  
Sung-il Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
P Value ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Alcohol Flushing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The alcohol flushing response is experienced by 36–45% of East Asians after drinking a small amount of alcohol. Since individuals with this response are incapable of metabolizing toxic acetaldehyde derived from alcohol effectively, this response is suggested as an indicator for the health risks associated with alcohol intake. Depression, a major health problem linked to alcohol consumption, might also be associated with the presence of the alcohol flushing response. Therefore, this study examined the association between the alcohol flushing response and the risk of depression in the general population of South Koreans. The analysis included 139,266 participants and used data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey. Only current drinkers were considered in the analysis. The relationship between the alcohol flushing response and depression was determined by logistic regression analysis using SAS 9.4. As a result, more than one-third of the population was found to be current flushers, and the relationship was significant among current flushers and depression (AOR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.35, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3) compared to never flushers. No association was found between former flushing response and depression. The odds of depression were significantly higher among alcohol flushers who drinks less than 15 g/day alcohol (<5 g/day: AOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3; 5.0-14.9 g/day: AOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.14-1.71, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3). In conclusion, this study reveals that a significant number of the South Korean population experiences the alcohol flushing response, and the individuals with the response are more likely to feel depressed, even with a small amount of alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Severity assessment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis by the FACED score

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ben Saad ◽  
Asma Migaou ◽  
Nesrine Fahem ◽  
Saousen Cheikh Mhamed ◽  
Naceur Rouatbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Bronchiectasis (BE) is a major health problem associated with a high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the relation of the FACED score (a multidimensional score contributing to stratify patients into risk categories) with the severity of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) among our population. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective single center study of 105 consecutive patients with NCFB hospitalized for acute exacerbations (AE) at the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Fattouma Bourguiba Teaching Hospital in Monastir (Tunisia) between January 2005 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups (G): G1: FACED Score ≤ 2 and G2: FACED score ≥3. We compared different severity parameters of BE between the two groups. Results: The study included 105 patients with NCFB. Patients of G2 had more comorbidities (P = 0.028), an altered respiratory function with a lower forced vital capacity (G1:2.73, G2:1.33 L; P < 0.001), a decreased PaO2 (88 vs. 68 mmHg; P < 0.001), a high CO2 level (P < 0.001), and a higher number of AE/year (0.96, 2.12 AE/year;P < 0.001). Hospitalizations for AE of G2 were characterized by a lower PaO2, a higher PaCO2 (P < 0.001), a longer course of antibiotic (P < 0.001) with an extended hospitalization (P = 0.007). An ultimate evolution toward chronic respiratory failure was more common in G2 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A high FACED score is associated with more symptoms, an altered respiratory function, a higher number and more severe AE, more health-care utilization with worse outcomes. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of such scales in clinical practice.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN ACCESS OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION WITH DIARRHEA INCIDENCE IN EAST JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ilham Dwi Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Diarrhea is still a major health problem in Indonesia. The Province of East Java ranks the second-highest number of diarrhea incidence after West Java, which reached 1,048,885 patients. The most dominant factors contributing to diarrheal diseases are water and family latrines. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between access to drinking water and proper sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in East Java. Methods: This study was an observational study with a correlation study design. The population used was all people suffering from diarrheal diseases handled by each district in East Java Province in 2017. The method of sampling used aggregate data on the number of cases of diarrhea handled and the number of people with access to drinking water and proper sanitation per district/city in East Java province based on the East Java Health Profile 2017. The variables studied were the number of people who had access to drinking water (feasible), the number of people who had access to proper sanitation facilities (healthy latrines), and the number of diarrhea cases handled in East Java Province, with analysis techniques in the form of Pearson correlation. Results: This study showed that there was a relationship between residents who had access to inadequate drinking water (p = 0.00) which had a strong relationship of 0.48 (strong enough) and there was also a relationship between residents with inadequate access to sanitation facilities (not have healthy latrines) (p = 0.00) which had a strong relationship of 0.53 (strong enough). Conclusion: There is a relationship between access to drinking water and sanitation that is not feasible with the incidence of diarrhea found in East Java. 

scholarly journals Tensional headache in medicine graduation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Protásio Bezerra ◽  
Gustavo Soares Gomes Barros Fonseca ◽  
Maria Luiza Mendes Machado ◽  
Natália Murad Schmitt ◽  
Euler Nicolau Sauaia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Tension headache has become a major health problem for medical students. This can trigger a worsening in the quality of life of the student and hinder their learning, corroborating for an impaired education. Better understanding of the topic is necessary so the academics can have a better overview of the problem. Objective: Clarify the relationship between tension headache and the quality of life of medical students. Methods: Articles from the last ten years were selected on the Scielo and Google Scholar portal platforms, which made it possible through an online scenario. Results: The mechanisms of tension headache are controversial and their pathophysiology complex and poorly understood. In crises, analgesics, antiinflammatories, muscle relaxants and/or caffeine are applied. In the articles studied, epidemiological data suggest that most students (99%) have already had a headache case during their lifetime and such occurrences are related to moments of stress and tiredness (74%). It is visible, that the academic affected by various activities, is a target for the disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of tension headache in the medical student was higher than that of the general population, with stress as the main reason. then a resolution on the issue of pain regarding stress is necessary since it proved to be inappropriate.

scholarly journals Multiple acquisitions of CTX-M plasmids in the rare D2 genotype of Escherichia coli provide evidence for convergent evolution

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1656-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Deschamps ◽  
Olivier Clermont ◽  
Marie Claire Hipeaux ◽  
Guillaume Arlet ◽  
Erick Denamur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Relationship

Over the last decade, CTX-M enzymes have become the most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) worldwide, mostly in Escherichia coli, causing a major health problem. An epidemiological relationship has been established between a rare genotype of E. coli, the D2 genotype, and the presence of CTX-M genes. We investigated this striking association by exploring the genetic backgrounds of 18 D2 genotype CTX-M-producing strains and of the plasmids encoding CTX-M enzymes. The 18 strains had different genetic backgrounds, as assessed by multilocus sequence and O typing, and were associated with various plasmids bearing diverse CTX-M genes. The region encompassing the genetic marker of the D2 genotype (TSPE4.C2) was not correlated with the presence of CTX-M genes. CTX-M-producing D2 strains had far fewer virulence factors than a control group of 8 non-ESBL-producing D2 strains, and an inverse relationship was found between the number of co-resistances associated with the CTX-M gene and the number of virulence factors found in the strain. These findings provide evidence for multiple acquisitions of plasmids carrying CTX-M genes in different D2 genotype strains. They strongly suggest that convergent evolution has occurred, and indicate that there has been selection for the association of a specific genetic background of the strain and the CTX-M gene. This fine-tuning of the relationship between the D2 genotype and CTX-M genes presumably increases the fitness of the strain, indicating a role for the host cell in the acquisition and dissemination of CTX-M genes.

scholarly journals DIALECTIC MOTIVATION, BEHAVIOR AND SPIRITUAL PEAK EXPERIENCE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Athoillah Islamy
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Peak Experience ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find the correlation of motivation, behavior and spiritual peak experience in the view of Islamic psychology. This type of research, namely qualitative research in the form of literature study. The primary data source of this research, namely the theory of hierarchy of human basic needs from Abraham Maslow. Meanwhile, secondary research data sources, namely various other relevant western motivational theories. The theory is used as a knife of analysis, namely the theory of motivation of the human soul from al-Ghazali which includes dimensions of heart, reason and lust. This study concludes that in the perspective of Islamic psychology there is a strong relationship between motivation and the behavior of every human being in the process of achieving spiritual peak experiences. The relationship of motivation and human behavior in the perspective of Islamic psychology that is more likely to emphasize religious motives (spiritual), both in psychological and physiological conditions of humans. motivation and behavior in Islam are very closely related to various stages in the process towards the ultimate spiritual human experience.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Behaviour Towards Tetanus Toxoid Immunisation in South-South, Nigeria: Findings from Antenatal Clinic Attendees

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias G. Abah ◽  
Otobong A. Asuquo ◽  
Emmanuel C Inyangetoh
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Third World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Source Of Information

Tetanus infection has remained a major health problem in the third world countries despite the availability and accessibility of effective antibodies as vaccines. The knowledge of women about the diseases may affect their behavior with regards to prevention of the disease. This was a descriptive cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and behavior towards tetanus toxoid immunization by 252 antenatal clinic attendees in two health facilities Uyo metropolis. The majority of respondents had heard about Tetanus infection 247(98.1%) and tetanus toxoid (97.2%), with Health workers being the main source of information 213 (85.9%). Most, 228(90.5%) knew it is for prevention, while only 80 (31.7%) were aware 5 doses confer lifetime immunity.  Most of the women 236 (93.7%) had received at least a dose of TT; 123(52.1%) had up to 5 doses, while 184(78%) claimed they had completed the immunisation schedule. The commonest reason some had not received any was its not being offered to them (31.3%). There was a global positive attitude towards TT immunisation. The level of education but not age of respondents was statistically associated with being immunized (P=0.001).The study showed a fairly good awareness of tetanus infection and immunisation with   misconceptions and a good disposition unmatched by practice. There is therefore the need for proper health education especially on the number of doses, intervals/ schedules, the protection offered, as well as need for the evaluation of the content of health enlightenment information provided by health personnel to mothers attending ANCs

scholarly journals PERAN INTERFERON GAMMA PADA INFEKSI Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Nur Wahyuniati
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Th1 Cell ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
Keywords Tuberculosis ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstrak.Penyakit tuberkulosis masih tetap merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama di dunia. Penyakit ini menyebabkan angka kesakitan yang tinggi pada jutaan penduduk dunia setiap tahunnya. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) memiliki kemampuan aktifitas replikasi dan metabolisme yang tinggi dan memiliki kemampuan untuk bertahan hidup di dalam fagosit profesional. Respon imun seluler sangat berperan penting untuk proses eliminasi M. Tb. Sel TH1 yang teraktivasi akan mengeluarkan interferon gamma yang akan mengaktivasi makrofag. Interferon gamma memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam imunitas protektif terhadap infeksi M.Tb.(JKS 2017; 2: 131-137)Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respon T­H1,Interferon gammaAbstract. Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the world. This disease causes a high morbidity rate in millions of the world's population each year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) has high replication and metabolism activity and has the ability to survive in professional phagocytes. Cellular immune responses play an important role in the elimination process of M. Tb. The activated TH1 cell will secrete interferon gamma that leads to activation of macrophages. Interferon gamma has a very important role in protective immunity against infection M.Tb.(JKS 2017; 2: 131-137)Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TH­1 response, Interferon gamma

scholarly journals Two Gut Microbiota-Derived Toxins Are Closely Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Tomoya Yamashita ◽  
Naofumi Yoshida ◽  
Takuo Emoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Saito ◽  
Ken-ichi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Near Future

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a major health problem because of the associated high morbidity and mortality rates observed in affected patients. Gut microbiota has recently been implicated as a novel endocrine organ that plays critical roles in the regulation of cardiometabolic and renal functions of the host via the production of bioactive metabolites. This review investigated the evidence from several clinical and experimental studies that indicated an association between the gut microbiota-derived toxins and CVDs. We mainly focused on the pro-inflammatory gut microbiota-derived toxins, namely lipopolysaccharides, derived from Gram-negative bacteria, and trimethylamine N-oxide and described the present status of research in association with these toxins, including our previous research findings. Several clinical studies aimed at exploring the effectiveness of reducing the levels of these toxins to inhibit cardiovascular events are currently under investigation or in the planning stages. We believe that some of the methods discussed in this review to eliminate or reduce the levels of such toxins in the body could be clinically applied to prevent CVDs in the near future.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic factors of influence on the morbidity of the dental system of the children's population of Makhachkala

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
I. N. Osmanov ◽  
F. I. Osmanova ◽  
T. F. Kosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Relevance. The study of the relationship between the dental morbidity of children in the city of Makhachkala from the anthropogenic impact of a landfill.Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of children aged 2 to 17 years in three kindergartens and two schools in the city of Makhachkala in the zone of ecological distress. A total of – 420 children were examined, including – 85 of the temporary bite period; – 110 of the replacement bite period and 225 of the permanent bite period. The criteria for the selection of children were the duration of residence in this neighborhood and the presence of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th health groups. The dental examination included an assessment of the condition of the oral cavity, hard tooth tissues and periodontal tissues using a set of dental instruments according to a generally accepted technique.Results. Studies on the relationship of poor-quality drinking water with a reduced content of fluoride and the prevalence of non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth revealed that in the city of Makhachkala, a high prevalence of molarincisive enamel hypoplasia was detected in 45.4% of the examined and a multiple form in 31.6%% of systemic hypoplasia, local hypoplasia was noted in 22.1%, segmental hypoplasia was observed in only 4 children from 335 examined. The prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa is due to a decrease in immunity in an environmentally unfavorable city, due to the unbalanced composition of macro and microelements in drinking water, high content of sulfur oxides, carbon and dioxin-like compounds in the air. The prevalence and development of caries was noted in 75% of the examined children.Conclusions. The high morbidity rate of the children's population in Makhachkala is associated with the anthropogenic impact of solid household waste, poor-quality drinking water, air and indicates the need to develop modern waste disposal technologies and implement recommendations for the organization of preventive and medical-dental care for children from an early age. 

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