scholarly journals Attitudes of Serbian producers and consumers of table eggs on the ban on conventional batteries and the transition to enriched cages and alternative production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Natasa Tolimir ◽  
Marijana Maslovaric ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Nenad Budimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

The aim of the survey was to determine how the egg production sector is complying with animal welfare legislation, which requires a ban on conventional cages and the transition to permitted systems for rearing laying hens - enriched cages and alternative systems, as well as the attitudes of egg producers and consumers on the impact of permitted systems of egg production/purchase and hen welfare. The survey included producers (50), with 1000 and more hens, where in the sample, the percentage share of producers was according to the capacity - the size of the farm, i.e. similar to the share in the total egg production in Serbia. A consumer survey (261) established their views on the impact of the welfare of layers and the rearing system when buying eggs. According to the test results, it can be stated that: when switching to permitted rearing systems, enriched cages were the choice of all surveyed producers (100%) and that in the transition period from 2014 to autumn 2020, 16.3% of respondents switched from conventional cages to enriched ones (2.04% in full and 14.29% in part). According to the results obtained, 80.49% of them are planning to switch from a conventional cage system to another rearing system, of which 60.98% said they would do so if they had the financial means, while about 19% of producers believe they will be forced to leave production. All producers expect that the transition to enriched cages will lead to a reduction in their production, and 83.33% of them believe that it will be from 20 to 40%. Surveyed producers (87.18%) expect that the transition from conventional cages will increase production costs, and 65.11% believe that this will not affect the welfare of layers. A survey of consumer attitudes found that when buying eggs, the production system was very important for 19.91% of consumers, and for 19.41% of consumers it was not important at all, while the welfare of layers was very important for 26.84% and not at all important for 10.32% of consumers. The conclusion of the research is that in Serbia the transition to permitted rearing systems is slow, that harmonization with legal regulations is a great challenge and that changes are expected in the coming period that may have far-reaching consequences for the sector of table egg production.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Comparative Analysis Reveals Association Between Salmonella Genomic Variation and Egg Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Sodagari ◽  
Shafi Sahibzada ◽  
Ian Robertson ◽  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Penghao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
The Impact

Non-typhoidal Salmonella, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), is the predominant endemic serovar in the Australian egg production industry and is one of the most frequently reported serovars in foodborne infections in Australia. This study was conducted to investigate the genomic characteristics of Salmonella isolated from retail table eggs in Western Australia and to identify the impact of production systems on genomic characteristics of Salmonella such as virulence and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 40 non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates [S. Typhimurium isolates (n = 28) and Salmonella Infantis isolates (n = 12)] sourced from retail eggs produced by different production systems (barn-laid, cage, and free-range) in Western Australia were sequenced by whole-genome sequencing. The isolates were de novo assembled, annotated, and analyzed. The results indicated an association between Salmonella genomic variation and the system used to raise poultry for egg production (p-value < 0.05). All but one of the S. Infantis isolates were recovered from eggs collected from poultry raised under barn and cage production systems. A higher proportion (83.3%) of S. Typhimurium isolates were recovered from the eggs produced by free-range production system as compared with those produced under barn (76.9%) and cage production systems (53.3%). Our analysis indicated that Salmonella isolated from the eggs produced by barn and cage production systems had more virulence genes than the isolates of the free-range produced eggs. A low carriage of antimicrobial-resistant gene was detected in the isolates of this study. We have built a Salmonella genomics database and characteristics-linked gene pools to facilitate future study, characterization, and tracing of Salmonella outbreaks.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint and Related Production Costs of Pot-in-Pot System Components for Red Maple Using Life Cycle Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
The Impact

Component input materials and activities of a model pot-in-pot (PIP) production system were analyzed using life cycle assessment methods. The impact of each component on global warming potential (GWP; kilograms of CO2-equivalent), or carbon footprint, and variable production costs was determined for a 5 cm caliper Acer rubrum L. ‘October Glory’ in a #25 container. Total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of inputs and processes at the nursery gate for a defined model system were 15.317 kg CO2e. Carbon sequestration weighted over a 100-year assessment period was estimated to be 4.575 kg CO2, yielding a nursery gate GWP of 10.742 kg CO2e. The major contridbutors to the GWP at the nursery gate were the substrate, production container, the 1.8 m (6 ft), branched, bare root liner, PIP system installation, and fertilization while the liner and production container also contributed significantly to the variable costs. Input materials and labor constituted about 76 and 21% of variable costs, respectively. Unlike field production systems, equipment use in PIP production accounted for only 13% of GHG emissions and 2% of variable costs.

scholarly journals Comparison of chemical composition of eggs from laying hens housed in different production facilities: a market study

10.5219/1060 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
Jaromír Pořízka ◽  
Adam Michalec ◽  
Pavel Diviš
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
The Impact

Eggs as a part of human diet dates to the prehistoric period. After the domestication of Gallus species, Gallus gallus domesticus and their eggs spread across the globe. Eggs proved to be one of the best and affordable sources of nutritionally important components in human diet, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids and some dietary significant elements. Progress in egg production methods, in European union, is recently mostly focused on the improvements in the field of welfare of laying hens, which is part of the plan set by European union council directive 1999/74/EC. Nowadays there are 4 main egg production systems divided by the way of keeping laying hens – Enriched cage, Free range, Barn and Organic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different hens housing systems on elemental (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Ca, K, Zn), total protein and lipid composition of whole eggs, yolk and albumen. Elemental analysis was performed by ICP-OES, total lipid content by Kjehldahl method and total lipids by Soxhlet extraction. Differences in whole egg were found in 8 from 9 tested parameters – K, Mg, Ba, Fe, P, Zn, total lipids and proteins. Assessment of the differences were done by ANOVA and Tukey`s test. Production systems were also successfully differentiated by principal component analysis. It was found that eggs from alternative production systems did not exhibit higher nutritional value than eggs from conventional cage facilities. In the case of total protein, conventional eggs contained highest average amount. It was also evident, that impact on chemical composition is difficult to assign to production system in general, which was confirmed by alternative studies from this field, which in many cases considerably differs.

An economic analysis of resting versus nonresting perennial pastures during the critical acclimation period

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-375
Author(s):  
Stefanie Fryza ◽  
Jared G. Carlberg ◽  
Mohammad Khakbazan ◽  
Clayton D. Robins ◽  
Hushton C. Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Economic evaluations were carried out on stochastically simulated production systems using data from a grazing systems’ trial, which evaluated the impact of resting (i.e., grazing cessation) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) – bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm. ‘Fleet’) and grass-only (G) pastures during the critical prefrost period on beef cattle (Bos taurus) productivity. Grazing systems were compared on the basis of calculated net present value of returns analysis. Lower production costs through reduced fertilization requirements resulted in alfalfa–grass (AG) preference over G pastures, while returns from increased calf sale weights resulted in nonrested systems being preferred over rested systems. However, low presence of alfalfa in the AG pastures likely limited the potential for resting pastures to improve production through increased alfalfa persistence. This evaluation found nonrested grazing of AG pastures to be preferred over other treatments on the basis of increased returns and reduced risk.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of a Ban of Methyl Bromide on the U.S. Winter Fresh Vegetable Market

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Deepak ◽  
Thomas H. Spreen ◽  
John J. VanSickle
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis study evaluates the economic impact of a ban on methyl bromide on the U.S. winter fresh vegetable market for six major crops: tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, squash, eggplant, and watermelons. Florida is the primary domestic supplier of these products. Mexico and Texas are the competing suppliers of the five vegetable crops and peppers, respectively. Leontief technologies represent both monocrop and double-crop production systems; linear inverse demand functions represent four demand regions in the U.S. and Canada. By increasing production costs and reducing yields, a ban on methyl bromide decreases Florida's FOB revenues by 54% and increases those of Mexico by 65%. Price increases to U.S. fresh vegetable consumers range from near zero to over 10%, depending upon the commodity and location.

The Impact of Digital Enterprise Transformation Strategies on Project Managers' Competencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-295
Author(s):  
Fatma Sena Karal ◽  
Ayberk Soyer
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Enterprise Transformation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Enterprise ◽  
The Impact

Faced with the increasing number of challenges that came with globalization, the developed countries have become aware of the insufficiency of traditional production systems and increased investments in technological developments in the production sector. With successive technological developments, the competition in the production sector has increased, and businesses have had to undergo major changes. It was aimed with these changes to respond quickly to dynamic market conditions and customer demands. The project, which was firstly introduced by Germany as Industry 4.0, affects enterprises both technically and socially. Employees have to adapt to digitalized production systems and keep up with technological developments. In a world where inter-business and inter-disciplinary studies and collaborations increase and operations are carried out on a project basis, project managers are obliged to adapt quickly to the continuing digital transformation. In this context, the chapter aimed to identify the impact of digital transformation on project managers' competencies.

scholarly journals Assessment of the role and significance of the cost formation process in the activities of organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Gura ◽  
Aleksandr N. Sekisov ◽  
Oksana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Victoria I. Kalombo Mulamba ◽  
Evgeniya S. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a comparative analysis of various approaches to the formation of production costs. The study estimates the role of costs in the production and economic activities of companies in a market environment. At the same time, the assessment considered the impact of the problem of limited resources on the activities of production systems, which is possible to solve only with the active use of alternative ways in organizing the functioning of the cost-effective mechanism of enterprises.    

scholarly journals Impact of the Ethanol Boom on Livestock and Dairy Industries: What Are They Going to Eat?

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Anderson ◽  
John D. Anderson ◽  
Jason Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Alternative Feeds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grain Prices

Increased demand for corn for ethanol production has helped push grain prices to record levels. This has increased livestock production costs, and producers have responded with changes to production systems. This paper explores the degree to which costs can be mitigated with alternative feeds, the effect this might have on physical performance, and the impact of alternative feeds on the competitive position of different species.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ketebalan Untuk White Cast Iron Low Chrome And Low Nikel Terhadap Kekerasan, Keausan, Serta Struktur Mikro Untuk Aplikasi Di Dalam Ball Grinding

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Uum Sumirat ◽  
Yusril Irwan ◽  
Hermawan S
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Impact

Grinding Ball adalah salah satu komponen dalam mesin ball mill yang berfungsi untuk menggerus batuan mineral menjadi partikel yang sangat halus. Apabila grinding ball tersebut dapat dibuat di Indonesia, diharapkan harganya bisa lebih murah sehingga biaya produksi semen dapat diturunkan, harga semen lebih terjangkau, dan  kesejahteraan rakyat dapat ditingkatkan. Tujuan dari penelitian tugas akhir ini untuk mengembangkan prototype grinding ball pada ball mill sehingga dapat mensubtitusikan impor keluar negeri serta dapat memproduksi sendiri di dalam negeri dan bersaing dengan produk impor. Pengembangan prototype grinding ball pada ball mill menggunakan bahan material white cast iron dengan melalui proses pengecoran. Pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat material yang dalam hubunganya dengan sifat fisis dan mekanik melalui pengujian uji impak, kekerasan, serta struktur mikro. Hasil uji kekerasan menunjukan nilai kekerasan untuk spesimen uji keras 273,65 HB dan untuk spesimen uji impak 334,379 HB. Hasil uji impak menunjukan Harga impak 2,64 J/mm².  Kata Kunci : grinding ball, ball mill, white cast iron. ABSTRACT Grinding Ball is one of the components in a ball mill machine that functions to grind mineral rock into very fine particles. If the grinding ball can be made in Indonesia, it is hoped that the price will be cheaper so that cement production costs can be lowered, cement prices are more affordable, and people's welfare can be increased. The purpose of this final project research is to develop a prototype grinding ball in a ball mill so that it can substitute foreign imports and can produce domestically and compete with imported products. The development of the grinding ball prototype in the ball mill uses white cast iron material through a casting process. This development aims to determine the properties of the material in relation to physical and mechanical properties through impact, hardness, and microstructure tests. The hardness test results showed the hardness value for the hard test specimen 273,65 HB and for the impact test specimen 334,379 HB. The impact test results show the impact price is 2,64 J/mm². Keyword : grinding ball, ball mill, white cast iron

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

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