scholarly journals Some productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) and its crosses with Lacaune and Assaf: 2. Phenotypic parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Georgi Kalaydzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
Different Levels

Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) and its crosses with other dairy breeds are the most numerous sheep population in Bulgaria. There are significant phenotypic diversities and different levels of productivity. The aim of the study is to research and characterize the phenotypic parameters of the main productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian dairy synthetic population and its crosses with the breeds Lacaune and Assaf. The study includes a total of 3212 ewes BDSP and their crosses with Assaf and Lacaune. Studied trait were: milk yield for a standard 120-day period of I, II and III lactation, biological fertility of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lambing and the trait - live weight of different age categories. The software product SYSTST 13 and SPSS - Descripive statistics were used to conduct the study. With the highest milk yield of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation were the sheep BDSP x Lacaune - 186.28 l, 194.03 l, 200.56 l, followed by BDSP x Assaf - 184.27 l, 191.87 l and 198.64 l and those of BDSP - 134.18 l, 139.48 l and 144.33 l. The average phenotypic values of the traits live weight at weaning, at 18 months and 2.5 years are close - respectively in BDSP - 25.21 kg, 60.59 kg and 65.50 kg, for BDSP x Lacaune - 25.17 kg, 60.52 kg, 65.44 kg and for BDSP x Assaf - 25.19 kg, 60.58 kg, 65.67 kg. Fertility indicates the highest average values of the crosses BDSP with Lacaune from 1.53 to 1.59, followed by BDSP x Assaf from 1.40 to 1.46. The lowest fertility rate had the ewes from BDSP from 1.22 to 1.25.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of some productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian dairy synthetic population (BDSP) and its crosses with Lacaune and Assaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Georgi Kalaydzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
Different Levels

Dominating in recent years in Bulgaria are the sheep from the Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) and its crosses with other dairy breeds. This in turn leads to significant, scientifically based genetic and phenotypic diversity and different levels of productivity. The aim of the study is to research and characterize the genotypic parameters of the main productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian dairy synthetic population and its crosses with the breeds Lacaune and Assaf. The study includes a total of 3212 ewes reared in 15 farms, as from Bulgarian dairy synthetic population - 1114 ewes, BDSP crosses with Assaf - 1052 ewes and BDSP crosses with Lacaune - 1046 ewes, born in the period from 2014 to 2019 including. Studied trait were: milk yield for a standard 120-day period of I, II and III lactation, biological fertility of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lambing and the trait - live weight of different age categories. The statistical model used was based on the model of animal /Animalmodel /, using the software product VCE and PEST (Groeneveld). Heritability in the main selection trait milk yield of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation reaches from low to moderate and medium values. The lowest level of genetic diversity is in BDSP - h? varies from 0.125 to 0.157, in BDSP x Assaf from 0.131 to 0.202, and with the highest genetic diversity in the studied trait are ewes BDSP x Lacaune, respectively from 0.342 to 0.397. The rates of fertility in all three studied groups were from low to moderate h? - in BDSP from 0.133 to 0.156, in BDSP x Lacaune - from 0.040 to 0.112 and in BDSP x Assaf - from 0.100 to 0.122.

PSVIII-6 Genetic features of Russian Simmental cattle population different origin derived by assessing milk production and fertility traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Larisa P Ignatieva ◽  
Alexander A Sermyagin ◽  
Sergey Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Breed Improvement

Abstract Since the beginning of the 20th century, over 43 thousand animals of Simmental cattle and related breeds have been imported to Russia from Europe. This had a significant impact on the selection intensity and genetic structure within the pale-motley population. The research included 42 breeding herds from 14 regions of Russia. The EBV using the BLUPF90 program based on the ANIMAL MODEL procedure was calculated. Totally of 1471 bulls by using 61816 daughters were estimated. The heritability coefficients showed moderate variability for milk yield (MY) h2=0.140, fat percentage (FP) h2=0.194, protein percentage (PP) h2=0.184 and live weight h2=0.163, as an indirect predictor for meat production. The variability for fertility features like number of inseminations per conception and days open was h2=0.073 and h2=0.061, respectively. Genetic correlation between MY and FP was rg=0.149, and for MY and PP – rg=0.180, while between FP and PP – rg=0.226. The average bulls’ EBV for milk traits in Red Holsteins consisted +23 kg MY, +0.002% FP and +0.001% PP, by Austrian Simmental +10 kg MY, +0.013% FP and +0.002% PP. For Russian Simmental origin animals was signed negative selection response for MY (-23 kg), FP (-0.001%) and PP (-0.003%). High average EBV for imported Simmental cows were revealed +146 kg MY, +0.009% FP and +0.004% PP, while in Russian Simmental we got negative values for MY -70 kg and PP -0.004% but only for FP was showed positive level +0.001%. Simmental breed improvement strategy in Russia focused not only to increasing milk yield but also to improving milk compositions with stabilizing cows’ reproductive traits using the world gene pool of related breeds from Europe. The study was funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.0445-2021-0016

Systems of concentrate allocation for dairy cattle 2. A comparison of two patterns of allocation for autumn-calving cows offered two qualities of grass silage ad libitum

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTIn a 25-week experiment beginning at week 3 post partum, grass silages of 10·5 (H) and 8·9 (L) MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM) were offered ad libitum to two groups of 24 autumn-calving dairy cows. Within each silage-quality group, two patterns of concentrate allocation were compared, a flat-rate (F) and a variable rate (V). All four treatment groups, HF, HV, LF and LV, received on average 1575 kg fresh weight per cow of a concentrate containing 170 g crude protein per kg during the 25 weeks. The cows on treatment F were all individually given 9 kg concentrate per day throughout. Individuals on the V treatments received different levels of concentrate, based initially on their 14-day milk yield and then reduced by 1 kg/day at 10, 15 and 20 weeks. For treatments HF, HV, LF and LV respectively, mean adjusted daily milk yields were, 24·4, 24·1, 21·6 and 22·1 kg; intakes of silage DM, 9·1, 8·7, 7·6 and 7·6 kg/day, and live-weight gains, 0·39, 0·31, 0·28 and 0·22 kg/day. The effects of silage quality were significant in each case, but the effects of pattern of concentrate allocation were not. Cows given the H silage produced milk with significantly greater lactose and solids-not-fat concentrations. During the residual period (2 weeks indoors and 14 weeks grazing) no significant differences in milk yield were observed. The 305-day yields of 6215, 6096, 5786 and 5824 kg for treatments HF, HV, LF and LV respectively, reflected the differences obtained during the indoor feeding period.

scholarly journals The effect of the age аt conceiving on the productivity traits at dairy ewes in Bulgaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
E. Raicheva ◽  
T. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Population

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the age at conceiving on the productivity traits of sheep from Synthetic population Bulgarian milk in Bulgaria. The experiment was conducted with 20 ewes traditionally conceived at the age of 18 months and 20 ewes conceived as ewe lambs at the age of 11 months on first lactation and their lambs (47) reared in IAS - Kostinbrod, Bulgaria. The 120 days milking milk production and that after 120 days until the end of lactation were determined by the AC method of ICAR. The days after the standard period until the end of lactation were registered. The milk composition was measured by milk analyzer Ekomilk, Bultech Company, Bulgaria. The live weighs were measured. The fecundity was determined. With the exception of the fecundity and the standard 120 days milking milk production the age at conceiving influences significantly the live weigh before conceiving, birth live weight of lambs, the duration of the milking period and the milking milk yield (P<0.01; P<0.001). The traditionally conceived ewes had significantly higher live weight before conceiving (52.31 kg), of newborn lambs (5.05 kg), the duration of milking period (187 days) and milking milk yield (130 L) than the early conceived (40.53 kg; 4.16 kg; 120 days; 80.24 L) (P<0.01; P<0.001). For the fecundity and the standard 120 days milking milk production no significant differences were found between the groups (1.08% and 1.25%; 92.27 L and 80.24 L). Significant difference in the milk composition of the ewes conceived at 18 month age compared to the conceived at the age of 11 months (P<0.05; P<0.001) was found. The obtained results provide useful information for the implementation of suitable management decisions for early conceiving of the ewes from Synthetic population Bulgarian milk for production of lambs and milk at the farm practice.

Productive and reproductive traits of cows of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kh. Valitov ◽  
S. Karamaev ◽  
V. Kornilova ◽  
A. Frolkin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Slight Advantage

A comparative analysis of productive, reproductive and technological traits of cows of Red Steppe and Black-and-White breeds has been carried out under the conditions of peasant farm “PF Ershov” in the Buguruslansky district in the Orenburg region. It has been established as a result of researches that heifers of Red Steppe breed have been effective inseminated by 0,4 months earlier and had live weight more by 18 kg or 3,6 % than herdmates of Black-and-White breed. Animals of Red Steppe breed had a slight advantage over Black-and-White breed in terms of milk yield and fat content. Cows of Red Steppe breed have a higher coeffi cient of lactation constancy. The advantage of cows of Red Steppe breed over Black-and-White first calves was 2,4 %. The advantage of mature lactation of Red Steppe cows over Black-and-White breed was only in the average daily milk yield by 1,2 kg or 5,1 %. Udder in animals of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds had a uniform development of the front and rear parts and in absolute terms (42,5–44,3 %) met the requirements of machine milking. In animals of Red Steppe breed the duration of the open days period was on average 12–28 days shorter depending on calving and corresponded to the indicators of highly productive cows. The coefficient of reproductive ability of first-calving cows of Red Steppe breed was 0,87, which is 0,05 higher than in Black-and-White cows; at the second calving – 0,88, which is 0,03 higher than Black-and-White herdmates. Thus, animals of Red Steppe breed on productive and reproductive traits have superiority over herdmates of Black-and-White breed that is explained by their adaptation to local conditions of feeding and housing.

scholarly journals Formation of productive and technological qualities of Holshtinized cattle at different levels of feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Anatoliу Anatolуevich Velmatov ◽  
Anatoly Pavlovich Velmatov ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Guryanov ◽  
Tatiana Nikolaevna Tishkina ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Mungin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents the results of growing Simmental Holstein heifers with a high heredity of 87.5% according to Holstein and the formation of their productive and technological qualities at different levels of feeding. The heifers of the control group received a food ration compiled according to detailed norms, and their counterparts from the experimental groups were 5, 10, 15, 20% higher. Heifers of the 1st experimental group in terms of live weight significantly exceed their peers from the control group: at 3 months of age by 18.3 kg, at 6 by 41.7 kg, at 9 by 55.0 kg, at 12 - tees for 69.3 kg, 15 for 80.3 kg and 18 for 74.5 kg. The advantage of the heifers of the second experimental group in the same age periods is 8.8; 24.4; 38.7; 48.9; 62.9; 56.2 kg. The heifers of the 3rd experimental group outnumbered their analogs by 5.7; 10.3; 22, 5; 27.6; 42.9; 39.2 kg, the 4th experimental group of heifers surpassed their analogues by 2.1; 4.3; 12.9; 10.4; 21.0; 21.7 kg. Animals of the first experimental group were inseminated at the age of 13.8 months, the second - 14.7 months, the third - 15.9 months, the fourth - 17.1 months, and heifers from the control group were inseminated at the age of 18.1 months. From the first heifers of the first experimental group, they drank 8909 kg of milk for the first lactation, 8549 kg for the 2nd group, 8314 kg for the 3rd, 8032 for the 4th, and 7150 kg for the control group, but the life-long milk yield was the smallest among the cows of the first group ... The more productive cows inseminated at the age of 13.8 months drop out earlier than everyone else. Therefore, for such animals it is necessary to create other conditions for feeding and keeping due to the greater intensity of their physiological functions and metabolism in general.

scholarly journals 131 Milk yield of ewes fed with diets of different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Sarita Bonagurio Gallo ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Mariluce Cardoso de Oliveira ◽  
Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract An adequate sheep milk production ensures survival and optimum lamb’s growth and development through the weaning. To evaluate the effects of different energy sources in the diet of ewes on their milk yield, an experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering of USP, Brazil, using 56 pregnant ewes, Dorper and Santa Ines breeds, average live weight of 70 kg, randomly distributed in four treatments: control group (fed according to the 2007 NRC recommendation); and groups with 10% more energy with different sources (starch, ST; protected fat, PF; and chromium, Cr). Dry matter intake was approximately 3% of the live weight of the ewes, to all treatments, but the control group with intake of 2.1 Mcal EM/d and the other with 2.3 Mcal EM/d. Ewes were fed the experimental diets at the beginning (50 d) and end of the gestation (50 d). In the middle of the gestation (50 d) the sheep were fed according to the recommendation of the NRC (2007). At 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days post-lambing, the milk yield was assessed using an indirect method of double weighing the lambs (one weight before suckling, another weight after suckling). The ewe milk yield was analyzed using contrasts and statistical significance at 5% of probability. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) among the diets evaluated on milk yield of the ewe (0.42, 0.45, 0.38, 0.3, and 0.14 kg/d for 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days of lactation). We concluded that milk yield of ewes receiving different levels and source of dietary energy did not differ. Additionally, the use of Cr or protected fat did not influence milk yield when added at 10% of the required energy for lactation. Acknowledgment to FAPESP (process 2017/20555–8).

MODERN CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN WHITEHEAD BREED

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
L. V. Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Future ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The article shows the state of Ukrainian Whiteheaded cattle, which includes distribution of cattle, the number of animals belonging to respective bloodlines, evaluation of young animals with live weight in the process of growing and milk production of cows during the first lactation. It reflects the historic development of the breed when it was colonism whiteheaded cattle, which turned into the original breed, undergone a significant expansion in livestock and increase of productivity, decreased in the number, was as basis for creation of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and now bred only in one breeding farm. Visual estimation of animal exterior showed good development of cows and calves and their belonging to the dairy type. In the vast majority the cows of the herd have a black suit, a white head with " glasses" around the eyes, white belly, udder, lower legs and brush of the tail. The youngsters aren’t consolidated by the exterior, and among them there are animals which are not typical for Ukrainian Whiteheaded breed. The young animals have some lag in live weight behind the breed standard [12] to 7 months’ age with exceeding of this trait in certain periods quite significantly in the future. It was established that selection of heifers on live weight will be effective at the early age (1-5 months), given the coefficient of variation of live weight – 22,63-30,21% and will not have a significant influence in the future. Milk yields of first-calf heifers vary considerably depending on the origin. The milk yield of first-calf heifers in the herd was 4238,5 kg on average, the heifers belonging to Mart 171 and Ozon 417 bloodlines had the best milk performance – 4483,1 and 4254,9 kg accordingly. The most aligned milk yield during the first lactation was in the cows belonging to Ozon 417 bloodline, the limits of the trait are 4128,5-4327,4 kg with the average value by the line 4254,9 kg. In contrast, the first-calf heifers of Ryezvyi 33 bloodline with average milk yield 4048,9 kg had limits of the trait 2199,3-4736,1 kg. Even greater range in cows’ milk yield during the first lactation R= 4939 kg (limits 1687 – 6626 kg) is characterized for the herd in general, it shows, on the one hand, the possibility of qualitative improvement of cows’ productivity due to selection on the investigated trait and lack of selection in the herd on the other hand. It was established that daughters of bull Chardash belonging to Ryezvyi 33 bloodline produced 4736,1 kg of milk for 305 days of the first lactation with fat content 3,6%, whereas Zlak’s descendants of the same line were characterized by the lowest milk yield for the first completed lactation – 2199,3 kg with fat content 3,7% and the average value by the line – 4048,9 kg of milk, fat content 3,6%. Similar variability of first-calf heifers’ milk yields, depending on the origin, is typical for other bloodlines of Ukrainian Whiteheaded breed. To increase milk productivity of Ukrainian Whiteheaded cows is recommended to repeat successful combinations of parental forms, and to preserve the breed – to carry out an objective assessment of animals by a range of traits, given the efficiency of selection of heifers on live weight at early age.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

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