PSVIII-6 Genetic features of Russian Simmental cattle population different origin derived by assessing milk production and fertility traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Larisa P Ignatieva ◽  
Alexander A Sermyagin ◽  
Sergey Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Breed Improvement

Abstract Since the beginning of the 20th century, over 43 thousand animals of Simmental cattle and related breeds have been imported to Russia from Europe. This had a significant impact on the selection intensity and genetic structure within the pale-motley population. The research included 42 breeding herds from 14 regions of Russia. The EBV using the BLUPF90 program based on the ANIMAL MODEL procedure was calculated. Totally of 1471 bulls by using 61816 daughters were estimated. The heritability coefficients showed moderate variability for milk yield (MY) h2=0.140, fat percentage (FP) h2=0.194, protein percentage (PP) h2=0.184 and live weight h2=0.163, as an indirect predictor for meat production. The variability for fertility features like number of inseminations per conception and days open was h2=0.073 and h2=0.061, respectively. Genetic correlation between MY and FP was rg=0.149, and for MY and PP – rg=0.180, while between FP and PP – rg=0.226. The average bulls’ EBV for milk traits in Red Holsteins consisted +23 kg MY, +0.002% FP and +0.001% PP, by Austrian Simmental +10 kg MY, +0.013% FP and +0.002% PP. For Russian Simmental origin animals was signed negative selection response for MY (-23 kg), FP (-0.001%) and PP (-0.003%). High average EBV for imported Simmental cows were revealed +146 kg MY, +0.009% FP and +0.004% PP, while in Russian Simmental we got negative values for MY -70 kg and PP -0.004% but only for FP was showed positive level +0.001%. Simmental breed improvement strategy in Russia focused not only to increasing milk yield but also to improving milk compositions with stabilizing cows’ reproductive traits using the world gene pool of related breeds from Europe. The study was funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.0445-2021-0016

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

Lactation pattern in Scottish Blackface and East Friesland × Scottish Blackface cross-bred ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Cross

SummaryMilk yield of 2-year-old Scottish Blackface and of East Friesland × Scottish Blackface ewes rearing single or twin lambs was estimated by the oxytocin method on 1 day each week up to the 14th week of lactation. Both groups of ewes had been reared from birth under good nutritional conditions. They were housed in individual pens from mid-pregnancy and offered a liberal ration of a pelleted concentrate food until parturition. Similar food was offered ad libitum during lactation.The cross-bred ewes rearing singles or twins produced significantly more milk in the first 12 weeks (181 and 258 kg respectively) than did pure Blackface ewes in the same period (144 and 208 kg respectively). The pattern of lactation differed between breeds. Cross-bred ewes attained higher maximum yields between the second and sixth weeks (2·37 and 3·32 kg/day, respectively, for single- and twin-suckled ewes) than did the Blackface ewes (1·97 and 2·88 kg/day). The yield from the cross-breds was sustained at a higher level throughout lactation. In the third 4-week period cross-bred ewes rearing single and twin lambs produced 116 and 92%, respectively, of their yield in the first 4 weeks whilst Blackface ewes produced 87 and 65%, respectively.In the sixth week of lactation the milk produced by the two breed groups was similar in quality (mean value of solids-not-fat 11·04% and fat 5·48%) but by the 11th week the fat percentage of milk produced by Blackface ewes had increased significantly to 7·34% whereas that of the cross-breds had remained almost unchanged.Single-suckled ewes gained weight throughout lactation but twin-suckled ewes remained relatively constant. Lambs reared as singles by cross-bred or Blackface ewes reached a mean live weight of 36·2 and 35·0 kg at 102 days of age, respectively, compared with 33·6 and 30·1 kg for twin lambs. Food intake of all ewes increased until the fifth or sixth week of lactation.

scholarly journals To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Konte ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic trends for age at first calving and milk yield and compositions in Holstein dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-347
Author(s):  
N. G. Hossein-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Genetic Trends

Abstract. Calving records from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran collected from January 1990 to December 2007 and comprising 207 106 first calving events of Holsteins from 2 506 herds were analysed using linear sire models to estimate genetic trends for age at first calving (AFC) and milk traits. Genetic trends were obtained by regressing yearly mean estimates of breeding values on year of birth. In general, there were decreasing genetic trends for AFC, fat percentage and protein percentage over the years but there were increasing genetic trends for milk yield, mature-equivalent milk yield, fat yield, mature-equivalent fat yield, protein yield and mature-equivalent protein yield over the years. On the other hand, there was a decreasing phenotypic trend for AFC but estimates of phenotypic trends were positive for milk yield and compositions over the years. It seems that the decline in calving age in this study over time resulted primarily from increased turnover rate and increased culling of heifers that failed to get pregnant. On the other hand, increasing trend for yield traits over time in this study indicated that Iranian dairy producers were successful in choosing progressively better semen and sires from imported and local sources over the years.

scholarly journals Factors affecting lactation length and effect of current lactation length on the subsequent production and reproduction in Iranian Holsteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Hossein-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract. Calving records of Holstein cows from January 1983 to December 2006 comprising 1,190 herds with 385,102 calving events were used to evaluate factors affecting the length of lactation and effect of current lactation length on the next productive and reproductive performances of Iranian Holsteins. Statistical analyses of productive and reproductive traits in this study were performed as linear mixed models. Lactation length (LL) of cows was grouped into 10 classes from <100 days through 500 days. Average LL was 314 days in Iranian Holsteins. Primiparous cows had the greatest LL and the mean of LL increased over the years from 1983 to 2006 and spring calvers had the longest LL (P<0.05). Cows within the LL class of 500 had the greatest unadjusted milk yield, adjusted milk yield, adjusted protein yield and adjusted fat yield and also had the longest calving intervals (P<0.05). Cows within the LL classes of 150–199 and 200–249 had the greatest values of adjusted protein percentage. Also, age at calving was the lowest for the LL class of 250–299 (P<0.05). There were linear and increasing trends for unadjusted milk yield, adjusted milk yield, adjusted protein yield and adjusted fat yield over the LL classes in this study, but a linear but decreasing trend was observed for adjusted protein percentage over LL classes. On the other hand, there were non-linear relationships between adjusted fat percentage, calving interval and age at calving with LL classes in the current study.

scholarly journals A liquid supplement of SynerMax® and cane molasses for lactating dairy cows in semiconfinement

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Jaime R. Moyá
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Eighteen Holstein cows of approximately 550 kg mean live weight (LW), and 57 ± 24 days in milk at the start, were divided into six groups of three each for use in a single-reversal design, with two 5-wk experimental periods, to compare two treatments: T1, including a liquid feed (85% SynerMax5:15% cane molasses) offered in lick-wheel tanks to three groups between 7:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. (1.7-kg daily intake), plus a concentrate of solid ingredients (theoretically 1.8 Meal NEL/kg, 16% crude protein) fed individually according to milk yield, a small offering of grass hay (<3 kg consumed daily), and rotational grazing at night in four paddocks on mixed tropical grasses; T2, as in T1 but without liquid feed, rather including a larger concentrate allowance (10.5- vs. 11.6-kg intake). Mean results obtained with TI and T2, respectively: daily milk yield, 22.45 vs. 22.55 kg; milk fat percentage, 3.03 vs. 2.94; milk protein percentage, 2.68 vs. 2.76 (P < 0.01). Intakes of dry matter (DM) from high-energy supplements (solid concentrate plus liquid feed) were 10.2 vs. 10.3 kg, respectively. Daily DM intake from grazed forage by cows of both treatments in common pastures was estimated by a disk-drop method as 9.31 ± 2.68 kg. It is concluded that the liquid feed, when constituting 4 or 5% of total dietary DM, had a feeding value equal to that of the solid concentrate on a DM basis, but no synergistic effect was substantiated. 

scholarly journals Cattle production: Current situation and future directions of development in Republic of Serbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
Lj. Sretenovic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
D. Tomasevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Simmental Cattle

Number of heads of cattle in the last 11 years is constantly decreasing. In this period, number of cattle is reduced by 18%. Number of cows and pregnant heifers reduced by 14%. Data indicate that at the end of 2006 1,096.000 heads of cattle were registered. It should be pointed out that number of cows and pregnant heifers of 710.000 heads at the end of 2006 which are included in reproduction represent the future of Serbian cattle production in future. Dominant breeds are Domestic Spotted and Simmental cattle, participating by about 70% in total number, then crossbreds of Domestic Spotted and Simmental and Busha cattle participating with about 25%, and about 5% goes to Black and Red-White cattle of European White-Black and Holstein races. Production of cow's milk is in slight constant increase. This can be explained by increased production of milk per cow. Genetic progress in milk traits was achieved by utilization of progeny tested bulls on milk and increased scope of artificial insemination of cows and heifers. Production of meat is in constant decrease which is consequence of reduction of total number of cattle as well as insufficient number of slaughterhouses with EU certificate. Of total quantity of produced meat, in Central Serbia 69.000 t and in Vojvodina 21.000 t of meat is produced. Starting from the current situation in cattle production, and on basis of previous practice, domestic and international, and development of cattle breeding, fast and efficient transformation of cattle production is necessary, enlargement of agricultural farms and forming of specialized farmers for production of meat and milk. Systems of certification and registration which would increase the product value should be introduced on specialized farms. Milk produced in this way can have added value on the market through special dairy products (hard cheeses, semi hard cheeses, white-soft cheeses and milk beverages). Agricultural households/farms specializing in meat production have objective - production of beef for domestic needs and export. Future of export of Serbian meat is first of all in production of beef of high quality which complies with demands of specific markets (Italy, Greece, etc.).

The effect of level and frequency of concentrate feeding on the performance of dairy cows of different yield potential

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effect On Yield

SUMMARYAn experiment has been made using adult lactating cows in a randomized block design to study the effectiveness of basing feeding during the first 20 weeks of lactation on yield predicted from that obtained during the 8–12th days of lactation. Cows were classified as high yielding (HY) or low yielding (LY). The levels of feeding were identical within each yield group during the first 8 weeks of lactation but during the 9th to the 20th week two different levels of concentrate feed (HP and LP) were used. Over the 20-week period concentrates were offered in two or five daily feeds. Thus the effect of two levels and two frequencies of feeding on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and on live-weight change were studied.Cows in the HY group achieved a mean daily peak yield 2·6 kg higher than predicted while those in the LY group achieved the predicted mean peak daily yield. There was no significant effect of level of feeding on the 20-week milk yield but there was a significant effect on the yield of the LYLP class in weeks 9–20. Frequency of feeding had no significant effect on yield in either high-low-yielding cows. There was no significant effect of level of feeding on milk composition but low-yielding cows gave milk with a higher fat percentage than high-yielding cows. Five-times-a-day feeding also produced milk with a higher fat percentage than twice-a-day feeding.Live-weight changes were small and the largest variation was recorded in highyielding cows.The number of days from calving to first service was not significantly different for the two yield groups but there was a significant effect of level of feeding.

scholarly journals Some productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) and its crosses with Lacaune and Assaf: 2. Phenotypic parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Georgi Kalaydzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
Different Levels

Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) and its crosses with other dairy breeds are the most numerous sheep population in Bulgaria. There are significant phenotypic diversities and different levels of productivity. The aim of the study is to research and characterize the phenotypic parameters of the main productive and reproductive traits in sheep from the Bulgarian dairy synthetic population and its crosses with the breeds Lacaune and Assaf. The study includes a total of 3212 ewes BDSP and their crosses with Assaf and Lacaune. Studied trait were: milk yield for a standard 120-day period of I, II and III lactation, biological fertility of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lambing and the trait - live weight of different age categories. The software product SYSTST 13 and SPSS - Descripive statistics were used to conduct the study. With the highest milk yield of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation were the sheep BDSP x Lacaune - 186.28 l, 194.03 l, 200.56 l, followed by BDSP x Assaf - 184.27 l, 191.87 l and 198.64 l and those of BDSP - 134.18 l, 139.48 l and 144.33 l. The average phenotypic values of the traits live weight at weaning, at 18 months and 2.5 years are close - respectively in BDSP - 25.21 kg, 60.59 kg and 65.50 kg, for BDSP x Lacaune - 25.17 kg, 60.52 kg, 65.44 kg and for BDSP x Assaf - 25.19 kg, 60.58 kg, 65.67 kg. Fertility indicates the highest average values of the crosses BDSP with Lacaune from 1.53 to 1.59, followed by BDSP x Assaf from 1.40 to 1.46. The lowest fertility rate had the ewes from BDSP from 1.22 to 1.25.

Productive and reproductive traits of cows of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kh. Valitov ◽  
S. Karamaev ◽  
V. Kornilova ◽  
A. Frolkin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Slight Advantage

A comparative analysis of productive, reproductive and technological traits of cows of Red Steppe and Black-and-White breeds has been carried out under the conditions of peasant farm “PF Ershov” in the Buguruslansky district in the Orenburg region. It has been established as a result of researches that heifers of Red Steppe breed have been effective inseminated by 0,4 months earlier and had live weight more by 18 kg or 3,6 % than herdmates of Black-and-White breed. Animals of Red Steppe breed had a slight advantage over Black-and-White breed in terms of milk yield and fat content. Cows of Red Steppe breed have a higher coeffi cient of lactation constancy. The advantage of cows of Red Steppe breed over Black-and-White first calves was 2,4 %. The advantage of mature lactation of Red Steppe cows over Black-and-White breed was only in the average daily milk yield by 1,2 kg or 5,1 %. Udder in animals of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds had a uniform development of the front and rear parts and in absolute terms (42,5–44,3 %) met the requirements of machine milking. In animals of Red Steppe breed the duration of the open days period was on average 12–28 days shorter depending on calving and corresponded to the indicators of highly productive cows. The coefficient of reproductive ability of first-calving cows of Red Steppe breed was 0,87, which is 0,05 higher than in Black-and-White cows; at the second calving – 0,88, which is 0,03 higher than Black-and-White herdmates. Thus, animals of Red Steppe breed on productive and reproductive traits have superiority over herdmates of Black-and-White breed that is explained by their adaptation to local conditions of feeding and housing.

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