A Premise for Precolonial Nuba History

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Current State ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

Near the center of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan lies a tract of broken, elevated terrain about the size of South Carolina. The region, by common convention, is called the Nuba Mountains, and the people who live there, through a familiar if misleading generalization, the Nuba. The inhabitants of the Nuba Mountains have long attracted the attention of students of African languages and cultures, for in these respects they exhibit very great diversity among themselves as well as distinctiveness in relation to the Arab and Nilotic cultural traditions that dominate the surrounding lowlands on every side. No scholar has yet deliberately undertaken to write a history of the Nuba, but many have found themselves constrained to make tangential statements or assumptions about Nuba history in the course of constructing studies with some other primary focus. The sum of these tangential comments and assumptions may read as the current state of Nuba historiography. The present study addresses a stimulating clash of opinion among those whose interests have led them to comment peripherally on the more remote Nuba past. The issue at stake is the existence, or non-existence, of a state form of government among the Nuba in precolonial times.Students of the Nuba during the colonial and post-colonial periods have seldom failed to assign considerable importance to the role of successive Sudan governments in directing the destiny of the Nuba, however they may differ in assessing the quality of this intervention.

The Toolkit of Nationalist Populism in Contemporary Hungary: Symbols, Objects, and Modalities of Circulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542095081
Author(s):  
Virág Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
The People ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Material Circulation

This article belongs to the special cluster, “National, European, Transnational: Far-right activism in the 20th and 21st centuries”, guest edited by Agnieszka Pasieka. Research on populism attributes great significance to mapping the distinctive discursive logic of populist reasoning (e.g., the trope of pitting corrupt elites against the people). This article aims to move beyond the primary focus on discursive structures to stress the role of symbols, objects, and different modalities of circulation in the political communication of populist ideas, using the case of Hungary. By tracing the history of one of the key symbols of nationalist populism—the image of “Greater Hungary”—from its emergence in the interwar period to its present-day use, the article shows how the meanings and material forms this symbol assumed in political communication that evolved under different political regimes. The analysis builds on extensive archival, ethnographic, and online data to highlight how the diversity of material forms and the conduits through which this image circulated have contributed to its endurance as a key political symbol. Symbols, like the Greater Hungary image, condense complex historical narratives into a powerful sign that can be easily objectified, reproduced, and diffused. Today’s differentiated consumer markets provide convenient conduits for this kind of material circulation. These symbols carry meaning in and of themselves as signs, and once they are turned into everyday objects, they facilitate the normalization of radical politics by increasing their salience and broad visibility.

scholarly journals Sejarah Kemunduran Umat Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mukhlis Rahmanto
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Work Done

<p>Answering the question of why Muslims fall down suffering in many fields, including economics, is the work done by Chapra in this book. By using the model of the dynamics of socio-economic  analysis  of  Ibn Khaldun,  he  began  to  read  and  trace the history of Muslims.  Eventually he gained a few main factors causing the decline of Islam, namely:  the movement of sufism which is not running on rails of origin,  poor appreciation of the  role of women, and declining quality of education. Deterioration occurs because of political authority (G)  negligent of  its responsibilities,  especially  in  upholding justice  and  Shariah,   guarantee facilities to the people (N),   and realize their full potential. According to him,  an urgent solutions must be implemented by Muslims are  moving  revival (resurrection) of Islam with one of  its programs to critically analyze what is coming from the West to conform to the Islamic world view and values.  The call to develop Islamic economics is just one strand of the Islamic revivalism movement.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong><strong>socio</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>economic </strong><strong>dynamics</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Sufism</strong><strong>, women, </strong><strong>education</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>despotism</strong><strong>,</strong><strong> </strong><strong>revivalism</strong></p>

scholarly journals KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN DAN SIKAP ULAMA PESANTREN TEGALSARI DALAM PUSARAN KONFLIK MULTIDIMENSIONAL DI JAWA (1742-1862)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Alif Nurdianto ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio ◽  
Djono Djono
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Politics

<div class="Section1"><p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstract: </strong><em>Pesantren Tegalsari was one of the most influential religious-education institutions in Java during 18-19 century. Those years were the golden era of Pesantren Tegalsari which was known as an institution that produced “pujangga” </em>(<em>Javanese intellectuals</em>)<em> and the people of Tegalsari village was well known for producing high quality of dluwang </em>(<em>traditional paper</em>)<em>. On the other hand, the 18-19 century itself was a time of turmoil, both socially and politically. Some events such as Geger Pacina </em>(<em>1742</em>)<em>, Javanese Succession War III </em>(<em>1746–1755</em>)<em>, Java War </em>(<em>1825-1830</em>)<em>, and Cultuurstelsel </em>(<em>1830–1917</em>)<em> were crucial moments in the history of Indonesia, especially in Java. At this point, the ulema </em>(<em>Islamic scholars</em>)<em> of Pesantren Tegalsari played an important role. Thought and attitude movements of ulema </em>(<em>Islamic scholars</em>)<em> in Pesantren Tegalsari had determined the existence of the pesantren and the economic cycle of local commmunity. Historical research with post-colonial political approach was used to study the thought and attitude movement of ulama </em>(<em>Islamic scholars</em>)<em> in Pesantren Tegalsari during 1742–1862. The result of this research shows that Pesantren Tegalsari had a political line to not engage in practical politics. This political line was followed by all the leaders of Pesantren Tegalsari. As the result, Pesantren Tegalsari developed into an institution that produced poets and transformed into a place to seek legitimacy in social, academic, and politic</em>.</p><p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Pesantren Tegalsari merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan-keagamaan yang paling berpengaruh di Jawa abad 18-19. Tahun-tahun tersebut merupakan masa keemasan dari Pesantren Tegalsari yang dikenal sebagai lembaga pencetak <em>pujangga</em> (intelektual Jawa). Bagi masyarakat Desa Tegalsari sendiri, tahun-tahun itu adalah masa perekonomian yang dikembangkan sedang mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat. Desa Tegalsari terkenal sebagai daerah penghasil <em>dluwang</em> (kertas tradisional) berkualitas tinggi yang diekspor ke berbagai daerah. Di sisi yang lain, abad 18-19 sendiri merupakan masa yang penuh dengan gejolak, baik secara sosial maupun politik. Beberapa peristiwa seperti <em>geger pacina </em>(1742), Perang Suksesi Jawa III (1746-1755), Perang Jawa (1825-1830), dan kebijakan tanam paksa (1830-1917) merupakan momen-momen krusial dalam perjalanan sejarah Indonesia, khususnya di pulau Jawa. Pada titik inilah ulama Pesantren Tegalsari, sebagai salah satu pimpinan lembaga pendidikan-keagamaan paling berpengaruh di Jawa abad 18-19 sekaligus tokoh panutan bagi masyarakat sekitar, memiliki peranan penting. Gerakan pemikiran dan sikap dari ulama Pesantren Tegalsari menjadi sangat menentukan eksistensi pesantren dan perputaran roda perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian historis dengan pendekatan politik-poskolonial akan digunakan untuk mengkaji gerakan pemikiran dan sikap ulama Pesantren Tegalsari tahun 1742-1862. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pesantren Tegalsari memiliki garis politik untuk tidak terjun dalam politik praktis. Garis politik inilah yang diikuti oleh semua pimpinan Pesantren Tegalsari. Hasilnya adalah, Pesantren Tegalsari berkembang menjadi lembaga pencetak <em>pujangga</em> dan menjelma sebagai tempat untuk men­cari legitimasi, baik secara sosial, akademik, maupun politik</p></div>

Directions of improving legal education

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
OLEG V. ZAITSEV ◽  
◽  
DENIS V. NOVAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
State Accreditation

The article is a continuation of the expert discussion ‘Legal education and the labor market. Transformation or stagnation in the digital economy’, uniting the leaders of leading Russian and foreign law schools, the scientific, pedagogical community at the Gaidar Forum 2020. The authors consider a wide range of issues related to the characterization of the current state of legal education, its integration into the Bologna system, noting the importance of the application of traditional methods and means of teaching law, taking into account modern realities. Particular attention is paid to the traditions of teaching law laid down by Roman lawyers, the history of the formation and development of domestic jurisprudence, as well as modern discussions on a given topic, in which representatives of the scientific community and practical lawyers take part. The authors draw attention to issues related to the new content of curricula and new ways of regulating legal education. The topic of state accreditation of educational programs in the field of jurisprudence and the role of the Association of Russian Lawyers in this process also seems important. The analysis of the main features of modern law is carried out, necessitating the comprehensive improvement of modern legal education. As a possible measure of the quality of legal education, the introduction of a single exam for entering the profession is proposed.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
George Balanchine ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lincoln Center

The Conclusion briefly examines the current state of the New York City Ballet under the auspices of industrial billionaire David H. Koch at Lincoln Center. In so doing, it to introduces a series of questions, warranting still more exploration, about the rapid and profound evolution of the structure, funding, and role of the arts in America through the course of the twentieth century. It revisits the historiographical problem that drives Making Ballet American: the narrative that George Balanchine was the sole creative genius who finally created an “American” ballet. In contrast to that hagiography, the Conclusion reiterates the book’s major contribution: illuminating the historical construction of our received idea of American neoclassical ballet within a specific set of social, political, and cultural circumstances. The Conclusion stresses that the history of American neoclassicism must be seen as a complex narrative involving several authors and discourses and crossing national and disciplinary borders: a history in which Balanchine was not the driving force, but rather the outcome.

scholarly journals The Struggle Against Torture: Challenges, Assumptions and New Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.

The Role of Religious Force in the Wukan Incident

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yuxin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Village

Abstract The Wukan Incident attracted extensive attention both in China and around the world, and has been interpreted from many different perspectives. In both the media and academia, the focus has very much been on the temporal level of the Incident. The political and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of the Incident in terms of human rights have all been pored over. However, what all of these discussions have overlooked is the role played by religious force during the Incident. The village of Wukan has a history of over four hundred years, and is deeply influenced by the religious beliefs of its people. Within both the system of religious beliefs and in everyday life in the village, the divine immortal Zhenxiu Xianweng and the religious rite of casting shengbei have a powerful influence. In times of peace, Xianweng and casting shengbei work to bestow good fortune, wealth and longevity on both the village itself, and the individuals who live there. During the Wukan Incident, they had a harmonizing influence, and helped to unify and protect the people. Looking at the specific roles played by religion throughout the Wukan Incident will not only enable us to develop a more meaningful understanding of the cultural nature and the complexity of the Incident itself, it will also enrich our understanding, on a divine level, of innovations in social management.

Japanese Modernization and the Emergence of New Fictwn in Early Twentieth Century China: A Study of Liang Qichao

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Willcock
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Small Circle ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Liang Qichao ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Artistic Quality

Inspired by Japanese influences among others the late Qing period saw a great surge in the writing of fiction after 1900. The rate of growth was unprecedented in the history of Chinese literature. The great surge coincided with rapid socio-political changes that China underwent in the last fifteen years of the Qing Dynasty. At the psychological level, the humiliating defeat by Japan in 1895 gave rise to a feeling of urgency for reform among some progressively minded Chinese intellectuals. Those reformers came to view fiction as a powerful medium to further their reform causes and to arouse among the people the awareness of the changes they believed China most urgently required. Fiction was no longer considered as constituting insignificant and trivial writings. It was no longer the idle pastime of retired literati composed to entertain a small circle of their friends, or written by a discontented recluse to vent a personal grudge through a brush. The role of fiction came to be defined in relation to its utility as an influence on politics and society and its artistic quality was subordinated to such a definition.

Illegal Construction in Hanoi and Hanoi's Wards

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Koh
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
Urban Administration ◽  
Ability And Willingness

AbstractIn the drama of negotiation of state boundaries, the role of local administrators as mediators is indispensable. They mediate between state demands for more discipline and societal demands for more liberties. Their ability and willingness to enforce determines the extent of state power. They are a particular type of elites chosen by the state to administer; yet often they have an irrational and morally corrupt relationship with their subjects. The questions that arise then are: When do the local administrators decide to or not to enforce the rules? What considerations do they hold in the face of contradicting demands for their loyalties? This paper seeks answers to the above questions by examining state enforcement of its construction rules in Hanoi after 1975, in which the ward, a level of local administrators in the urban administration landscape, plays an important role in holding up (or letting down) the fences. I will examine the irrationality of the housing regime that led to widespread offences against construction rules, and then show why and how local administrators may or may not enforce rules. This paper comprises two parts. The first part outlines the nature and history of the housing regime in Vietnam and the situation of state provision of housing to the people. These provide the context in which illegal construction arises. Part Two looks at illegal construction in Hanoi chronologically, and focuses on important episodes. The theme that runs through this paper is the role of local administrators in the reality of illegal construction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document