scholarly journals Factors associated with violence against adolescents at home in Peru

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Rivera ◽  
Walter Arias-Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult World ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
At Home

Background: Adolescence responds to a period of maturity and adjustment to the adult world; therefore, it is influenced by the social and family context, as well as by the previous stages of development. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the factors associated with violence against adolescents at home in Peru. Methods. A secondary analysis of the National Survey of Social Relations 2015 was carried out. The sample was of 1491 adolescents between 12 to 17 years old. Raw (PR) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios using Poisson regression with robust variance were estimated. Results. It was found that adolescent women (PRa: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.17-1.68) and adolescents who live in homes where there are continuous fights or arguments between parents or adults who live there (PRa: 2.75; 95% CI: 2.11-3.57) have a higher risk of violence. Conclusions. Women and adolescents who live in families where there are continuous arguments between parents or adults have a high risk of domestic violence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Parents’ Non-Intention to Vaccinate Their Children and Adolescents against COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽  
Percy Herrera-Añazco ◽  
Angela Uyen-Cateriano ◽  
Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ◽  
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The University ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with parents’ non-intention to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We performed a secondary analysis using a database generated by the University of Maryland and Facebook (Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA). We included adult (18 and over) Facebook users residing in LAC who responded to the survey between 20 May 2021 and 14 July 2021. We included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental health, economic and food insecurity, compliance with mitigation strategies against COVID-19, and practices related to vaccination against this disease. We estimated the crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their respective 95%CI. We analyzed a sample of 227,740 adults from 20 LAC countries. The prevalence of parents’ non-intention to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19 was 7.8% (n = 15,196). An age above 35 years old, educational level above college, compliance with physical distancing, use of masks, having economic insecurity, having had COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, having a chronic condition or two or more comorbidities, and being vaccinated were associated with a lower prevalence of non-intention to vaccinate children and adolescents against COVID-19. Living in a town, a village, or a rural area was associated with a higher prevalence of non-intention to vaccinate children and adolescents against COVID-19. Approximately nine out of ten parents in LAC intended to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19. Our results allow for understanding parents’ intentions to vaccinate children and adolescents and help promote and develop education strategies for national vaccination plans against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Health care are associated with worsening of frailty in community older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Cássio De Almeida Lima ◽  
Fernanda Marques da Costa ◽  
Antônio Prates Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the worsening of frailty in older adults resident in the community. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal, and analytical study. The data collection in the baseline occurred in the participants’ homes from a random sampling by conglomerates. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, morbidities, and use of health services were analyzed. Frailty was measured by the Edmonton Frail Scale. The second data collection was performed after an average period of 42 months. The adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by multiple Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: A total of 394 older adults participated in both phases of the study, with 21.8% of them presenting worsening of the frailty condition. The variables that remained statistically associated with the transition to a worse state of frailty were: polypharmacy, negative selfperception of health, weight loss, and hospitalization over the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with worsening of frailty along the studied period among older adults in the community were those related to health care. This result must be considered by health professionals when addressing frail and vulnerable older adults.

scholarly journals Associated factors to the sexual behavior in Peruvian women among 15 and 25 years old

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter L Arias Gallegos ◽  
Renzo Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

Background: The sexual behavior of women is associated with various protective or risk factors, which are important to assess. To determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the sexual behavior of Peruvian women within 15 and 25 years old. Method: A secondary analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) was conducted. Our sample was 7962 women from 15 to 25 years old, from all over the Peruvian territory. Associative analyzes were carried out on the age of sexual initiation, the number of sexual partners and the use of contraceptives, based on sociodemographic variables. Poisson regression with robust variance was also used. Results: It was found the factors, that are associated with the age of sexual initiation and the number of sexual partners, are the area of origin, marital status, educational level, employment status and socioeconomic level. While women who work and whose partners do not drink alcohol are the most likely to use contraceptives. Conclusions: It can be concluded that certain socioeconomic and work conditions act as protective factors of female sexual behavior, while having a partner who drinks alcohol is a risk factor.

scholarly journals Frailty in the elderly: prevalence and associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues Cardoso ◽  
Meiriellen Silva Durães ◽  
Maria Clara Araújo Guedes ◽  
Frederico Leão Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in elderly assisted by the Centro Mais Vida de Referência em Assistência à Saúde do Idoso (Mais Vida Health Reference Center for the Elderly) in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study, with sampling by convenience. Data collection occurred in 2015. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, morbidities, use of health services and the score of the Edmonton Frail Scale were analyzed. The adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by multiple analysis of Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 360 elderly aged 65 or older were evaluated. Frailty prevalence was 47.2%. The variables associated with frailty were the following: advanced age elderly, who live without a partner, have a caregiver, present depressive symptoms, osteoarticular disease, as well as history of hospitalization and falls in the last twelve months. Conclusion: knowledge of factors associated with frailty allows development of health actions aimed at the elderly.

Sibling aggression: Sex differences and parents’ reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Martin ◽  
Hildy S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sibling Conflict ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Social Relations Model ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
At Home

Thirty-nine families were observed extensively at home when children were 21/2 and 41/2 years of age and again 2 years later. The Social Relations Model is used to investigate children’s sex differences in aggression and parents’ prohibiting aggression during sibling conflict. In the first observation period, boys engaged in more severe and mild physical aggression, grabbing, insulting, and property damage than girls. At Time 2, boys engaged in more mild physical aggression and insulting, than girls, but there were no sex differences in other forms of aggression. At Time 1, parents’ responses were relatively uninfluenced by the sex of the children. However, parents were more likely to prohibit mild physical aggression, grabbing, and property damage by and towards girls at the second time period. Conversely, parents showed more tolerance for boys’ mild physical aggression at Time 2, suggesting that this socialisation message may play a role in boys’ greater use of physical aggression both at home and with peers.

scholarly journals Potential excess of vaginal examinations during the management of labor: frequency and associated factors in 13 Peruvian hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
Renee Montesinos-Segura ◽  
Pamela D. Flores-Gonzales ◽  
Alvaro Taype-Rondan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Disrespect And Abuse ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Rank 2 ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background A high number of vaginal examinations (VEs) may lead to a higher risk of infections, as well as discomfort/dissatisfaction with intrapartum care. Objective To determine the frequency of potential excess of vaginal examinations (PEVE) during the management of labor and identify its associated factors, in Peruvian hospitals. Methods Secondary analysis of the data collected in the DisrespEct and abuse during ChIlDbirth in pEru (DECIDE) study, held between April and May 2016. In this study, women hospitalized in Peruvian hospitals right after giving birth were surveyed by trained personnel. PEVE, the main outcome, was considered as five or more vaginal examinations (VEs) performed during the management of labor. Poisson regression models with robust variance were performed to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (cPR and aPR) as well as their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results One thousand four hundred twenty registries of 13 hospitals from 8 Peruvian cities were evaluated. The number of women studied at each hospital ranged between 100 and 129. The median age was 26 years (interquartile rank: 22–31). The median number of VEs was 3 (interquartile rank: 2–5). The proportion of women who underwent PEVE was 33.9%, this ranged from 0.9 to 69.9% at the studied hospitals. The frequency of PEVE was higher in women who attended > 2 obstetric psychoprophylaxis sessions, compared to those who attended ≤ 2 sessions (aPR: 1.78 95% CI: 1.01–3.12); and among women who gave birth between 18:00 h and 23:59 h, compared to those who did it between 7:00 and 17:59 h (aPR: 1.28 95% CI: 1.04–1.57). Conclusion Around one in three women underwent a PEVE, although this frequency varied widely across the evaluated hospitals. Women with more psychoprophylaxis sessions, and who gave birth between 18:00 h and 23:59 h, had a higher PEVE frequency. Future studies should assess in depth the causes and consequences of this high frequency.

scholarly journals Violence against children: an analysis of mandatory reporting of violence, Brazil 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Maria Moreira Rates ◽  
Elza Machado de Melo ◽  
Márcio Dênis Medeiros Mascarenhas ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
At Home

This article aims to describe and analyze reporting of violence against children from 0 to 9 years of age, issued by the public health services, in Brazil. Data from the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (Viva-SINAN) were used. The frequency of selected variables was calculated by age group (0-1; 2-5 and 6-9 years of age) as well as their Prevalence Ratios (PR). 17.900 cases were reported: 33% in the 0-1 year group; 35,8% in the 2-5 year group; and 31,2% in the 6-9 year group. Physical violence predominated among boys (PR: 1.22; CI 95%: 1,16-1,28 ); 6-9 years old (PR: 1,19; CI 95%: 1,12-1.27 ). Sexual violence predominated among girls, mulatto/afro-descendant (PR: 1.12; CI 95 %: 1.06 to 1.19 ); 6-9 years (PR: 4.63; CI 95%: 4.22- 5.08) with more chances of occurring at home (PR: 1.38 , CI: 95%: 1.29-1.48); psychological violence prevailed among girls, mulatto/afro-descendant (PR: 1.10; CI 95 %: 1.03-1.18 ), 6-9 years old (PR: 2.95; CI 95%: 2.69- 3.23), at home (PR: 1.40; CI 95%: 1.29-1.53); negligence predominated among boys (PR: 1.33 ; 95% CI: 1.27-1.39); 0-1 years and their parents were the most prevalent perpetrators.The results indicate the need to strengthen intersectoral actions aiming at extending the social protection and care network.

scholarly journals Psychological distress in the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence and associated factors at a nursing college

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Mattos Russo Rafael ◽  
Luiza Mara Correia ◽  
Alex Simões de Mello ◽  
Juliana Amaral Prata ◽  
Davi Gomes Depret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Nursing College ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress in students and workers at a public nursing college during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, carried out by a structured survey based on the internet with a sample of 477 students and workers. Prevalence ratios were calculated and adjusted Prevalence Ratios were obtained by Poisson Regression, with robust variance control and stepwise backward technique. Results: the prevalence of psychological distress was 19.29% (95%CI: 15.98-23.09). Testing (PR 1.55; p-value 0.026) and belonging to the COVID-19 risk group (1.71; p-value 0.005), perception of family atmosphere (PR 3.10; p-value <0.001), feelings of loneliness (PR 2.64; p-value <0.001) and family violence (PR 2.21; p-value 0.005) were associated with distress. Conclusions: the high magnitude of the event and its association with COVID-19, loneliness and family dynamics arouse the need to build strategies that promote a place of protection for schools.

scholarly journals GENDER VIOLENCE AS A POSSIBLE OBJECT OF SOCIALIZATION FOR BOTH SEXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Hermína Mareková
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult World ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
At Home

There are countless theories and models of socialization. All of these theories agree on one thing: it is a process, during which people pass on and absorb social values and norms, including the norms that apply to gender. Socialization is not a one-way process, in which our children acquire information from our “adult” world. It is rather a two-way process. Children socialize with each other in everyday interactions – both at home and away from home. In the theories of socialization at school, from the point of view of interaction, the focus is on the microsocial area, i.e the interaction between subjects. The basic concept of all interactions is therefore communication between the subjects. The individuals have a common set of symbols – speech – at their disposal and are confronted with the expectation of a stabilized behavior. The occurrence of violence in the child's family and in the social environment has significant socializing and educational effects, in a negative sense.

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