scholarly journals Studying the candida resistance and sensitivity for some antifungals

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Humam S. Hussein ◽  
Batol I. Dheeb ◽  
Thekra A. Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Laboratory Culturing ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Different Sources

Back ground: The current study included 150 samples from patients with Candida from a hospital of Medical City / education labs - Baghdad, and ranged in age from (10 – 65(years for both sexes, all isolates taken from different sources (Lower respiratory tract, Urine, Skin, Vaginal and Oral thrux), where the number of males (55(as a percentage (37%) while the number of females (95) as a percentage (63%). The objective: The objectives of this study are studying resistance and sensitivity of candida spp to some antifungals. Material and methods: All the required material which used for the study, and the direct examination was conducted using potassium hydroxide KOH 10%, As well as microscopic examination and laboratory transplantation for all samples, for the purpose of investigating the candidiasis. Also Vitek System examination was conducted on all positive samples for microscopy and laboratory culturing; and so to be diagnosed on the species level, and this study included using (3) anti-fungal equipped from Himedia (India), an  (Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin), anti-fungal used by standard disk Diffusion to know the resistance of Candida and its sensitivity toward used anti-fungal. The results: The results of direct examination were vaginal swab (50), Sputum (28), Oral swab (34), Urine (21) and Skin swab (17). Conclusion: Candidiasis was more common in female patients as well as from medical units, where the rate of infection in females more than in males, Candida species were identified by the manual and automated methods and we found that the automated method by using VITEK2 YST Card was the best for species identification.

scholarly journals Differences in exoenzyme production and adherence ability of Candida spp. isolates from catheter, blood and oral cavity

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Xisto Sena Passos ◽  
Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e Souza ◽  
Percilia de Andrade Lucena ◽  
Orionalda de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Adherence Ability

Phospholipase and proteinase production and the ability of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of 112 Candida isolates originated from oral cavity of HIV infected patients and from blood and catheter of intensive care unit patients were investigated. The proteinase production was detected by inoculation into bovine serum albumin (BSA) agar and the phospholipase activity was performed using egg yolk emulsion. A yeast suspension of each test strain was incubated with buccal epithelial cells and the number of adherence yeast to epithelial cells was counted. A percentage of 88.1% and 55.9% of Candida albicans and 69.8% and 37.7% of non-albicans Candida isolates produced proteinase and phospholipase, respectively. Non-albicans Candida isolated from catheter were more proteolytic than C. albicans isolates. Blood isolates were more proteolytic than catheter and oral cavity isolates while oral cavity isolates produced more phospholipase than those from blood and catheter. C. albicans isolates from oral cavity and from catheter were more adherent to BEC than non-albicans Candida isolates, but the adhesion was not different among the three sources analyzed. The results indicated differences in the production of phospholipase and proteinase and in the ability of adhesion to BEC among Candida spp. isolates from different sources. This study suggests that the pathogenicity of Candida can be correlated with the infected site.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Non-Albicans Candida Among the Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Pratikshya Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
India Ink

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples (sputum, urine, vaginal swab, blood, endotracheal (ET) secretion, pus) from 250 patients between the period of February 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Of those 250 patients, 20% were immunocompromised. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the isolation of Candida spp. and the identification was performed on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, India ink preparation, germ tube test, temperature tolerance test, characteristic color change in CHROMagar, chlamydospore production, sugar fermentation test and sugar assimilation test.Out of total 300 Candida spp., majority were isolated from sputum (43.33%) followed by urine (40%) and vaginal swab (6.67%). Of total 151 (50.33%) non-albicans Candida, the most common species isolated were C. tropicalis (62.25%) followed by C. glabrata (23.84%). High prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal was noted.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility and Biofilm Production of Candida spp. Isolated from Clinical Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munmun B. Marak ◽  
Biranthabail Dhanashree
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production

Objective. The study aims to speciate clinical Candida isolates and detect their biofilm-forming ability and antifungal resistance. Methods. All the Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples like pus, urine, blood, and body fluid were included in the study. Biofilm production was tested by the microtiter plate method. Antifungal susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Patient’s demographic details such as age, sex, and clinical information were collected. Presence of other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, history of antibiotic use, and any urinary tract instrumentations was also recorded. Results. Among 90 Candida species isolated, most predominant species was found to be C. albicans (45.5%) followed by C. tropicalis (28.88%), C. krusei (20%), C. glabrata (3.33%), and C. parapsilosis (2.22%). Candida spp. were isolated from urine (43%), BAL/sputum (18.88%), high vaginal swab (8.88%), suction tips (7.77%), blood and wound swabs (6.66%), pus (3.33%), bile aspirate (2.22%), and deep tissue (1.11%). A larger number of females were affected than males, and the age group of 51 to 60 years was more susceptible to candidiasis. A higher number of C. albicans isolates produced biofilm followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. However, C. glabrata showed no biofilm production in our study. All Candida isolates were 100% sensitive to amphotericin B. Voriconazole was the next effective drug with 81.11% susceptibility. 24.44% of strains were resistant to fluconazole. Conclusion. Speciation of Candida isolates, detection of ability to form the biofilm, and monitoring of antifungal susceptibility testing are necessary for appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of tannic acid on urease and protease produced from Proteus mirabilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Omar S. Al-Zaidi ◽  
Luma abd alhady Zwein
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Different Sources

Back ground: P.mirabilis is a gram negative bacterium, motile with its peritrichous flagella .Widely distributed in environment, especially in contaminated water and soil, Many virulence factors like LPS, urease, protease, hemolysin and biofilm formation play an important roles in the pathogenicity of P. mirabilis. Urease is a Nickel containing enzyme causes elevation of urine pH after hydrolyzing urea to ammonia and CO2 forming stones that blocks the urinary track. Aims: The effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease.                                                                        Material and methods: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were collected from different sources, Clinical and animal sources all isolates were cultured on MacConkey and blood agar and identification of P. mirabilis by, Vitek -2 compact system. Determine the effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease.                                                                                              Results: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were identified depending on Vitek-2 compact system, after identification, it turns out that only 18  isolate were P. mirabilis. All isolates were 100% able to produce urease and 72.2%  isolate were able to produce protease. The addition of tannic acid showed an inhibitory effect on urease and protease production. Conclusion: The effect of tannic acid on urease and protease depending on concentration, type of strain, incubation period, number of isolates and truculence of isolate.  

scholarly journals Antibiotics Profile, Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), and Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Different Clinical Samples in Khartoum State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ehssan H. Moglad
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Different Sources

One of the global requirements for controlling the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is to understanding the resistivity profile of various clinical isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to deliver the indication of different resistant profiles of clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae from different sources of samples from Khartoum state, Sudan, and to determine the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. A total of 144 Gram-negative bacteria were collected from different sources (vaginal swab, urine, catheter tip, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, pus, stool, pleural fluid, and throat swab). Samples were subcultured and identified according to their cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for twenty-four antibiotics from eleven categories against all isolated Enterobacteriaceae according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The result showed that out of 144 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with the percentage of 47.9 and 25%, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL was higher in K. pneumonia (38.9%) than E. coli (34.8%). All isolated E. coli were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. There was a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae, and only one isolate was XDR, while PDR was zero for all isolated bacteria. Active antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) observation through constant data sharing and management of all stakeholders is crucial to recognize and control the AMR global burden. Also, effective antibiotic stewardship procedures would be applied to limit the unreasonable expenditure of antibiotics in Sudan.

scholarly journals Detection of intracellular Helicobacter pylori in Candida. SPP from neonate oral swabs

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Matamala-Valdés ◽  
Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo ◽  
Cristian Parra ◽  
Katia Sáez ◽  
Alejandro Aguayo-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Oral Yeasts

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: There is evidence of detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stool of newborns and in the yeast that colonizes the oral cavity of this age group. However, there is a lack of research to confirm it. This study proposes to determine the existence of the bacteria at an early age, specifically in newborns. OBJECTIVE: To identify intracellular H. pylori in oral yeasts and to detect antigens of the bacteria in newborn stools. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Samples were obtained from infants (oral swab and meconium). Identification of yeast species was performed using the following techniques: CHROMagar Candida, Germinal Tube Test and API Candida Identification System, then the yeasts were observed by light microscopy and fluorescence. Detection of H. pylori antigen in meconium and PCR were performed to amplify specific genes of the bacterium (rRNA16S, cagA, vacA s1a, vacA s1b, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2 and dupA). RESULTS: Intracellular H. pylori was detected in yeast of the species Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) isolated from an oral swab of a newborn. CONCLUSION: The results of this study evidenced the existence of intracellular H. pylori in newborns.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Risk of Candida albicans Associated with Gestation amongst Women in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
T. Sampson ◽  
A. P. George
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Tract Infections

Candidiasis is increasingly affecting women in developing countries, due to several factors relating to environmental and physiological conditions of the individual. Knowledge of the factors influencing the epidemiology of Candida spp. will be useful in formulating public health measures targeted at reducing the incidence of Candidiasis. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans amongst women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, in order to decipher the epidemiology of Candida albicans in relation to age and gestation. A total of seventy (140) vaginal swab samples were collected from 70 pregnant and 70 non-pregnant women in Port Harcourt, and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The result showed that 36% of the total women studied had Candida albicans while 64% were negative. In the overall analysis, the distribution of the yeast was 43% prevalent in pregnant and 29% in non-pregnant women. The risk of Candidiasis in pregnancy was evaluated using the Odds Ratio (OR) and was determined to be 1.88. Also, a paired sample t-test indicated a positive and strong statistical relationship between age distribution and the presence of Candida albicans in women, with a correlation coefficient of 0.911 (91.1%) (< 0.05), indicating a higher incidence among the older group, albeit lower in age groups close to menopause. The study concluded that the prevalence is higher in pregnant women, with a significant relationship with age. Regular screening of women for Candida spp. should be advocated and women should as well avoid conditions that dispose them to genital tract infections.

scholarly journals Detection Of Candida Albicans Responsible For Vulvovaginitis In Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Sherihan K. Taher
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Control Study

Background: The vaginal microbial ecosystem stability preclude many other organisms but sometimes the vaginal micro biota is disturbed and this cause change in the normal balance causing symptoms of vulvuvaginitis like abnormal or increased vaginal discharge, redness and itching. Objective: To prove C. albicans presence in their vagina clinically and laboratory by culture of vaginal swab on two media. Type of the study: This study is a case control study Methods: This study is a case control study in which 100 clinically patient women admitted to maternity hospital in kalar city and khanaqin hospital during the period from 1st August– 30th of October 2016 who were examined to prove C. albicans presence in their vagina clinically and laboratory by culture of vaginal swab on two media, the first media was used for primary isolation which was Sabouraud´s dextrose agar media and the second was to differentiate Candida spp. according to their color . Results: Results of this study presented that the highest invasion of the vagina of Candida spp was accounted for C. albicans (39.6%)from the (53) positive cultures , while other species were as follows: C. glabrata (26.4%), C. tropicalis (20.8%) ,C. krusi(13.2 %).   Conclusions: this study presented that the highest invasion of the vagina of Candida spp was accounted for C. albicans    

scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CANDIDA SPP. ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIFUNGAL PREPARATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Yana N. Frolova ◽  
M. A. Morozova ◽  
I. V. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Different Sources

About 100,000 species of microscopic fungi were currently identified. Data on diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic fungi is particularly noteworthy. Both specific composition of Candida spp. found at fish-rearing farms of Rostov and Krasnodar regions and their susceptibility to antibiotics preparations have been studied. Strain susceptibility to drugs was determined by the disc-diffusion method. Significant variations are observed in the Candida resistance to four antibiotic preparations. Some sturgeon fingerlings and breeders have been found to be infected with candida. The drugs from the group of polyenes showed the greatest activity against the studied crops Candide. Despite the susceptibility of C. glabrata, C. guillermondii, C. tropicalis C. albicans to nystatin, the application of reabsorbing antifungals (in vivo) candidiasis of the intestine fails to be efficient. The data obtained show antibiogram to be expedient when assigning an adequate treatment of candidosis.

Emerging Virulence, Drug Resistance and Future Anti-fungal Drugs for Candida Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartika Srivastava ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Singla ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Superficial Type ◽  
Anti Fungal

Increased incidences of Candida infection have augmented morbidity and mortality in human population, particularly among severely immunocompromised patients and those having a long stay in hospitals (nosocomial infections). Many virulence factors and fitness attributes are reported to be associated with the pathogenicity of Candida sp. It can cause infections ranging from easily treatable superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. Additionally, it has the capability to infect humans of all age groups. Indeed, overutilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics has further complicated the scenario by leading the emergence of less sensitive Candida strains especially non-albicans. Despite our developed armamentarium, the diagnosis and treatment of human fungal infections remain a challenge. This review focuses on the prevalence of Candida spp. as human pathogens with emerging resistance to existing anti-fungal drugs. Furthermore, factors and mechanisms contributing to the pathogenicity of Candida spp. and the challenges being faced in combating the devastating infections associated with these pathogens have been discussed. Moreover, pros and cons of the current and future anti-mycotic drugs have been analyzed.

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