scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF REASONS FOR THE TERMINATION ACTIVITY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN MODERN ECONOMIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Iuliia S. Pinkovetskaia
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Termination Activity ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Every entrepreneur sooner or later ceases their activities. At the same time, little attention is paid to this stage of the life cycle of entrepreneurs in scientific research. Proper understanding of the reasons for the exit of entrepreneurs from business is necessary for the further development of the business sector. Therefore, the analysis of features of termination of business activity in national economies is relevant at the present stage of research. Purpose of the study is to assess the reasons for the exit of entrepreneurs from their own business. The study used information from the 2018 global entrepreneurship monitor for 48 countries. We have studied and analyzed the reasons for the termination of entrepreneurial activity, proposed a classification of these reasons, assessed the levels of exit from their own business for different groups of reasons in all the countries considered. This estimate was based on the construction of economic-mathematical models. Models are functions of the density of the normal distribution. Based on the results of the computational experiment, the average values of indicators were determined and the countries characterized by high and low levels of termination of their activities by entrepreneurs were identified. It is proved that in most countries the termination of business activity is caused by endogenous reasons associated with problems in the organization and management of production, insufficient financial resources, low qualification of employees and management. Personal reasons also play a significant role in the exit of entrepreneurs. The impact of exogenous causes and the desire to convert the created business into cash is much lower. The obtained research results can be used in further studies, in the educational process of higher education in universities, as well as by public authorities associated with the regulation of entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals DIGITAL MANAGEMENT PLATFORMS IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Leonid Sergeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Digital Management

The mechanism of organization and management of business activity in the conditions of digitalization of the corresponding production processes is generalized. The classification of network platforms is analyzed, the architecture of the system of building digital platforms and the logic of their use in the management of sectors of the national economy is proposed. The types and features of digital platforms, the level of Informatization of Russian enterprises are considered.

scholarly journals The State Regulation of the Hotel and Restaurant Business in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
V. О. Martynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
State Support ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Further Development

The axiom of present is that Ukraine has a very difficult situation in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has developed not only due to the underdevelopment of this sphere, also because of the significant shortcomings in the system of the State regulation of entrepreneurial activity in the pandemic, which makes this issue a topical scientific problem. The publication is aimed at analyzing the extant status of operation of the hotel and restaurant business under quarantine restrictions, as well as developing proposals for providing the State support to business entities in order to minimize losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical and methodological grounds of research are the basic principles of development of hotel and restaurant business in a crisis, scientific works of Ukrainian scholars. The following methods were used in the course of the research: logical-juristic (to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on measures of the State support for business entities in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic); systematization (defining forms of the State aid); hypotheses and assumptions (in the preparation of proposals for further regulation of the provision of the State support to the hotel and restaurant business). As a result of the research, it is determined that the introduced support measures on the part of the State allowed to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and restaurant sector for the short-term period only. Renewal and further development of this sphere is impossible without the introduction of new approaches to the relations between the State and business, which have established determined in Ukrainian society, without increasing the social consciousness of business and increasing the level of its contact with public authorities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the system of adjustment of efforts of the State authorities, local self-government bodies and business entities in this sphere.

Implementation of the principles, standards and rules of international customs law: individual and overall levels

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Serhii Perepolkin
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Customs Unions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to submit to the discussion of domestic international lawyers a proposal to introduce the use in scientific and educational works of the classification of the implementation of the principles, norms and standards of international customs law into two types: individual and overall. Methodology. In order to achieve the goal of the study, have been analyzed scientific approaches to understand the implementation of international law and the classification of its types. In article have been studied an Implementation articles developed under the auspices of the Customs Agreements Cooperation Council; recommendations and resolutions, conventions of the Member States of the European Union, current international agreements and other acts of Ukrainian legislation on customs matters. Results. In the article it was substantiated that individual implementation along with the states can be carried out also by separate customs territories which have full autonomy in the realization of foreign trade; customs unions; economic unions; international organizations and other participants in international customs relations. The joint implementation of the principles, norms, and standards of international customs law is carried out by two or more of its subjects simultaneously. To achieve this goal, the subjects of international customs law can use a wide range of law-making, organizational, coordination, information and control tools. Scientific novelty. It was proved that the classification of the implementation of principles, norms, and standards of international customs law into individual and overral, in contrast to its differentiation into domestic and international, most accurately reflects all types of subjects of international customs law capable of participating in such activities. Practical significance. The introduction of the classification of the implementation of principles, norms, and standards into individual and joint, will contribute to the further development of research in this area, as well as the development of a clear understanding of the implementation of officials of public authorities of Ukraine.

Subjects of Tax Relations: Features of Legal Status and Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Liubov M. KАSIANENKO ◽  
Nataliа I. ATAMANCHUK ◽  
Olena O. BOIKO-SLOBOZHAN ◽  
Olena V. SHAKIROVA ◽  
Sergiy O. DANILOV
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Subject

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned upon the fact that nowadays, both tax law theory and the current tax legislation fail to provide a single, unified definition of the concept of ‘subject of tax relations’. Furthermore, there is no clear criteria for the division of subjects of tax relations into types, which makes it impossible to establish the exact scope of participants in tax relations, and to determine the level of their tax legal personality. The purpose of this paper is to determine the scope of participants in tax relations, to analyze and clarify the legal status of established subjects and determine the functions that they perform in tax legal relations, as well as, on the basis of the results obtained, to construct a detailed classification of subjects of tax relations. The key method of scientific research is the method of scientific modelling, because in this article, on the basis of the analysis of existing scientific positions and provisions of legislation, the authors build their own theoretical model of the subject matter, formulate a conceptual apparatus and offer their practical application. This paper examines the subjects of tax relations, examines their types, outlines the limits of their legal personality in tax relations. The analysis of national legislation and various scientific approaches provides for the classification of subjects of tax relations, the legal status and the role they play in the tax mechanism are determined. The paper develops proposals for practical content to improve the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine on subjects of tax relations, provides author's definitions of the concept of ‘subjects of tax relations’. The provisions, conclusions, proposals and recommendations formulated in this paper can be used in: lawmaking – to improve and adopt new regulations, to amend existing legislation, to adapt them to the best European and international models; the law enforcement – to improve tax relations with the participation of public authorities; scientific research – for further study of financial and legal issues of participation of public authorities in budget relations; educational process – when teaching the subjects ‘Financial Law’, ‘Tax Law’, ‘Administrative Law’, ‘Topical Problems of Financial Law of Ukraine’ and related training courses.  

scholarly journals The essence of risks of business activity and their assessment with the aim of sediment and disability in management of efficiency and competitiveness development

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Valentina Aranchiy ◽  
Mykola Іhnatenko
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the research is to identify the risks of entrepreneurial activity, their types and nature. It also discusses the classification of the main types of risks, the substantiation of evaluation and analysis methods in order to avoid, minimize or neutralize to ensure the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify the business risks, their content, the classification of species, the substantiation of the leading methods of evaluation and analysis in order to avoid and minimize and on this basis – ensuring the efficiency and competitiveness of the operation and development of enterprises. The methodological basis of the article became the main methodological provisions of the enterprise's economy, regulatory and legislative acts on the development of entrepreneurial activity, general scientific and special economic methods of cognition. Among them are generalization, grouping, extrapolation, method of comparative analysis, statistical, expert estimations, mathematical forecasting and programming. Results of work. In the process of writing the article, the essence of entrepreneurial risks was identified, their types were identified, classification and grouping according to the types and areas of manifestation were made. This gave an opportunity to substantiate the methods of their further analysis and evaluation. In turn, taking into account and preventing risks on this basis will allow to ensure the tactics and strategy of the development of enterprises with proper efficiency and competitiveness. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the theory and practice of business risk management. Risk assessment and analysis will be appropriate in the economy, in the finances of enterprises, in the analysis of entrepreneurial activity, in developing strategies for its development in the future. Conclusions. Risks of entrepreneurial activity have different spheres of manifestation and degree of influence on it. They can be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the proposed grouping and classifications allow, in a certain way, to identify managerial decisions, at least in terms of spheres of manifestation. In general, assessing the types and extent of the impact of business risks and their inclusion in tactical and strategic management will be a significant factor in ensuring the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the long run.

scholarly journals Development of Human Resources in the Digital Environment: Strategic Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Anastasia Nikitaeva ◽  
Daria Mikhalkina
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Hard Skills ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to study possible directions and ways of developing human resources for the transition to digital economy using the potential of new technological solutions. The paper demonstrates the relationship of the Fourth industrial revolution and changes in the development of human resources, identifies key areas of the impact of digitalization processes on human resources, including the transformation of the structure of demand in the labor market changing the format of employment of workers and the emergence of new models of work changing the content of work, as well as changing the ratio of the importance of hard skills and soft skills. With this in mind, the important components of developing human resources in digital economy are identified, the emphasis is placed on the role of the education system in this process, covering the following aspects: creating a system of new professions, competencies and standards in correspondence with appropriate educational programs; incorporating innovative educational technologies into the educational process in order to develop a set of soft skills; creating a “smart” education system using intelligent ICT solutions affecting the content and process components of learning as key components of developing human resources. The paper determines the feasibility of implementing the proposed solutions on the basis of the partnership between educational institutions, public authorities and business.

TRANSITION FROM DREAMERS-ENTREPRENEURS TO ACTIVE ENTREPRENEURS: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NATIONAL ECONOMIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (195) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Pinkovetskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the early entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of interest and participation of women and men in early entrepreneurship in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the intentions of people to create their own new businesses, their involvement in this activity, as well as the ownership of newly created enterprises. The study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project as the initial information. The study examined the assessment of 9 indicators that characterize the early entrepreneurship of women and men, as well as the corresponding gender differences. Functions were obtained that demonstrate the distribution of indicators in 59 countries, describing the proportion of women and men, who have intentions to create their own businesses, and are involved in these processes, and are beginners in entrepreneurship. In addition, an assessment of gender differences in 3 stages of early entrepreneurship was carried out. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of early entrepreneurial activity, women participate in such activity to a lesser extent compared to men. The author's assessment of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that in our country, both women and men are less interested in an entrepreneurial career than representatives of other countries. The results obtained are new and original, and have theoretical and practical significance for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach presented in the article to the assessment of gender differences in early entrepreneurship can be applied in further studies. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gender Differences Characteristic of the Main Stages of Entrepreneurial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Iuliia S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of participation of women and men in business activities in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the initial stage of entrepreneurship, stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the exit of entrepreneurs from their businesses. As a starting point, the study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project. In the course of the work, the assessment of nine indicators characterizing such stages as start- up and stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the termination of this activity, was considered. The study developed functions that show the distribution of indicators across 59 countries that describe the proportion of women and men in the three main stages of entrepreneurship. In addition, gender differences in these three stages were assessed. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of entrepreneurial activity, that is, women participate in it to a lesser extent than men. Comparing the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that both women and men in our country are less interested in an entrepreneurial career in contrast to other countries. The results obtained are new and original. They have theoretical and practical implications for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.

scholarly journals Hypothesis on the informative principles of voluntary and involuntary attention: on the theory of non-systems and causal environments in causal dualism

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Alexey Vladimirovich Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Involuntary Attention ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Information Interpretation ◽  
Conscious Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The subject of this research is certain informative principles of functionality of human nervous system. In the limelight is the interdependence of consciousness and information, as well as the question in the spirit of anti-physicalist arguments: whether the conscious processes are informative, and thus physical, or require a categorical apparatus for description? The first part of the article discusses possible wording of some informative principles of functionality of nervous system that answer the question “why” rather than “how”. The second part is dedicated to the general classification of causal environments, as well as description of conscious processes within the framework of new possible terminology. A number of hypotheses is advanced on the informative mechanisms of involuntary and voluntary attention. With regards to involuntary attention, the author examines the mechanism for resource conservation, or filtering information, which suggests that the nervous system tends to consume resources for processing the rarer – and more information capacious messages. Such position complies with the law of conservation of energy. Voluntary attention is viewed on the basis of information interpretation of the Le Chatelier’s principle. Voluntary attention, resulting conscious actions, and responses of the nervous system (including creativity) are considered as informational messages aimed at alleviation of the impact of external environment, namely the level of information uncertainty. Such information approach prompts to view consciousness as a non-system or causal environment, within which causality is transmitted without transmitting information. The article provides the variant of classification of causal environments that may contribute to further development of non-informative (non-physicalist) approach towards the problem of consciousness.

The Emergence and Formation of Business Activity Zones in the Innovative Development of the Russian Federation

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nataliya Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Country Today

Innovative development of the country is one of the important directions of Russian socio-economic policy. The institutions of economic development are the zones of entrepreneurial activity. The purpose of creating these zones is to attract investment to stimulate the socio-economic development of the country. Today, it is necessary to integrate the zones under consideration in order to introduce intellectual property products everywhere. This should help to increase investment attractiveness and innovation activity. The article may be useful in the educational process and further scientific developments.

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