Inhibition of Aspergillus niger by Application of Punica granatum Peels and Cucurbita maxima Seeds as Bio-fungicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sarina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Natural Fungicide ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Infection on plant caused by Aspergillus niger leads to the destruction of quantity and quality of crop yields. Normally, this disease is solved by the chemical fungicides. Therefore, this study was carried out to seek a potential natural fungicide from fruit waste which is safer and economical to inhibit Aspergillus niger. Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) seeds and Punica granatum (pomegaranate) peels were extracted using maceration method with 80 % ethanol. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BLSA) was used to test the presence of bioactive components in the extracts at concentration of 10 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL and they are expressed in terms of LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) respectively. The study revealed that Cucurbita maxima extract was inactive, while Punica granatum extract and the mixture of both extracts at ratio 1:1 were active at 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of Cucurbita maxima extract, Punica granatum extract, and mixture of both extracts were further tested using well-diffusion method against A. niger at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 75 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively. The findings revealed the mixture of both extracts were exerted effectively against A. niger at the lowest concentration with 20.67±2.52 mm and this gave significant zone of inhibition. The result of the study indicates that the mixture extraction of pomegranate peels and pumpkin seeds at 25 mg/mL has a great potential to be formulated as commercial bio-fungicide.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some 4-((thiophen-2-yl-methylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide metal complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vijaya Sekhar ◽  
Subhas S. Karki ◽  
Javarappa Rangaswamy ◽  
Mahesh Bhat ◽  
Sujeet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Azomethine Nitrogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Rubrum

Abstract Background Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and the metals like mercury, copper, and silver bear antimicrobial properties. The discovery of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones has reduced their use. However, in some instances these drugs are the first-line treatment. The metal-based sulfonamide (e.g., silver sulfadiazine) is considered as first choice treatment in post-burn therapy while the use of silver nanoparticle-cephalexin conjugate to cure Escherichia coli infection explains the synergistic effect of sulfa drugs and their metal conjugates. With growing interest in metal-based sulfonamides and the Schiff base chemistry, it was decided to synthesize sulfonamide Schiff base metal complexes as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Results The Fe (III), Ru (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) metal complexes of 4-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-amino)-benzenesulfonamide (TMABS) were prepared and studied for thermal stability, geometry, and other electronic properties. The ligand TMABS (Schiff base) and its metal complexes were screened in-vitro for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive (+ve) Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443), Gram-negative (-ve) Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 3231), and fungal strains Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) and Penicillium rubrum by agar well diffusion method. Results summarized in Tables 3, 4, and 5 represent the inhibitory concentration (IC50) in micromole (μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) in millimeter (mm) represents antimicrobial properties of TMABS and its metal complexes. Conclusions The synthesized sulfanilamide Schiff base (TMABS) behaved as a neutral and bidentate ligand coordinating with metal ions through its azomethine nitrogen and thiophene sulfur to give complexes with coordination number of 4 and 6 (Fig. 3). The nucleophilic addition of sulfanilamide amino group (–NH2) group to carbonyl carbon (>C=O) of benzaldehyde gave sulfanilamide Schiff base (imine) (Fig. 2). All the metal complexes were colored and stable at room temperature. With IC50 of 9.5 ± 0.1 and 10.0 ± 0.7 μM, the Co, Cu, and Pd complexes appeared better antioxidant than the ligand TMABS (155.3±0.1 μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) of Hg (28 mm) and Ru complexes (20 mm) were similar to the ligand TMABS (20 mm) against Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) as in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. None of the synthesized derivatives had shown better antimicrobial properties than the standard streptomycin sulfate and fluconazole.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

scholarly journals Evaluation of temperature and moisture response surface on the lipase from pumpkin seeds fermentation using Aspergillus niger

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Cristiane Andrade Santos ◽  
Kyzzes Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Cleide Mara Faria Soares ◽  
Luciana Cristina Lins de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometry and Multiplex Antigen Assays to Assess Microbial Quality and Toxin Production ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains Isolated from Clinical and Food Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Attien ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Wardi Moussaoui ◽  
Gaëlle Zimmermann-Meisse ◽  
Thomas Dadié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

The aim of our study was to investigate the microbial quality of meat products and on some clinical samples in Abidjan focused onStaphylococcusgenus and the toxin production profile ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) isolated. Bacteria were collected from 240 samples of three meat products sold in Abidjan and 180 samples issued from clinical infections. The strains were identified by both microbiological and MALDI-TOF-MS methods. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. The production of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, LukE/D, and epidermolysins was screened using radial gel immunodiffusion. The production of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1 was screened by a Bio-Plex Assay. We observed that 96/240 of meat samples and 32/180 of clinical samples were contaminated byStaphylococcus. Eleven species were isolated from meats and 4 from clinical samples. Forty-twoS. aureusstrains were isolated from ours samples. Variability of resistance was observed for most of the tested antibiotics but none of the strains displays a resistance to imipenem and quinolones. We observed that 89% of clinicalS. aureuswere resistant to methicillin against 58% for those issued from meat products. AllS. aureusisolates issued from meat products produce epidermolysins whereas none of the clinical strains produced these toxins. The enterotoxins were variably produced by both clinical and meat product samples.

scholarly journals Processing Impact on Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Phytochemical of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Babita Adhikari ◽  
Shonu Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Phytate and tannin are more pronounced antinutrients limiting the nutritional quality of fenugreek. The impact of roasting (130±5°C for 7 minutes), soaking (12 hrs. at room temperature) and germination (72 hrs. at 25°C) on bioactive compounds (polyphenol and antioxidant activity), nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds (phytate and tannin) in Fenugreek were studied. Experimental data were analyzed using the software GenStat 12th Edition. Protein increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination whereas fat decreased significantly. Iron and calcium increased during roasting whereas decreased during soaking and germination. Maximum reduction of phytate (54.55%) and tannin (66.73%) were found when fenugreek seeds were germinated (72 hours). The reduction percentage of antinutrients by soaking (12 hours) and roasting (130±5⁰C for 7 mins) was found to be a lesser effective method compared to germination. All the treatments had a significant (p<0.05) impact on their bioactive components. Phenolic content increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination. Antioxidant activity (IC50=1.28mg dm/ml) was found to be high in the germinated samples as compared to raw, roasted, and soaked samples. Hence, Germination of fenugreek seeds for 72 hours is concluded as the most effective and promising method for the reduction of antinutrients and increasing the nutritional components, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Preparation of Boerhaavia diffusa Mediated Selenium Based Mouthwash-A Comparative Microbial and Cytotoxic Effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 860-870
Author(s):  
Pravalika Arunkumar ◽  
R. V. Geetha ◽  
S. Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential ◽  
Boerhavia Diffusa

Introduction: The extract of Boerhaavia diffusa root, a plant used in Indian traditional medicine, has significant immunomodulatory Potential. Selenium, a nutrient element that has a massive function in biological systems, is one of the interesting compounds to integrate with antibacterial agents. Recently several studies have pointed out the ability of selenium nanoparticles to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Aim: To analyze the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa mediated selenium nanoparticles based mouthwash. Materials and Methods:   1 g of Boerhavia diffusa was added in 100 ml of distilled water. It was boiled; the plant extract was filtered using Whatman’s no.1 filter paper. In 250 ml conical flask, 60 ml of 20 millimolar sodium selenite was prepared and 40 ml of the filtered plant extract was mixed. This flask was kept in a magnetic stirrer. The nanoparticle solution was centrifuged at 8000rpm to prepare nanoparticle pellets. The nanoparticle pellet was dried in a hot air oven at 80 degree celsius. The dried powder was sent for Characterization. A mouthwash is prepared. The prepared mouthwash was tested for cytotoxic activity by brine shrimp lethality assay and antimicrobial activity evaluated the zone of inhibition of agar well diffusion method. Results and Discussion: It was proved that cytotoxic activity of selenium bound mouthwash was less compared to the commercial mouthwash. The antibacterial activity of the selenium bound mouthwash against C. albicans and S. mutans was significant when compared to the standard antimicrobial agent. Conclusion: Based on the results, this mouthwash has the required qualities to be commercially be used. Therefore further studies can be done to prove that this mouthwash can be used commercially.

scholarly journals Effects of nano copper used in seed treatment for germination, growth, and productivity of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Tuong Van
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Treatment Technology

Recently, metal and other nanoparticles have been widely used to improve crop growth and development, reduce used chemical amount, increase safety of agricultural products and prevent soil and water pollution. Seed treatment technology with metal nanoparticles to stimulate seed germination and improve crop yields has been reported in several studies. In order to assess the safety of the use of metal nanoparticles in agriculture production, in this study the effect and safety of seed treatment with nanoparticles (nCu) prior to sowing on the germination, growth, development, productivity and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated in the field conditions. Seeds of maize cultivar LVN 092 were treated with nCu at different concentrations before planting. Germination and plant growth rates, plants yield and grain nutrition were monitored and evaluated. The obtained results showed that treatment of maize seed with nCu at a concentration of 20 mg/kg seed increased germination after 7 days of sowing as well as the theoretical and actual yields compared to the control and the treatment of 1000 mg nCu/1 kg seeds. Other agricultural characteristics, such as the development rate, plant height, grain nutritional content including moisture, ash, total fiber, crude protein, minerals were not significantly between treatments and the control. Therefore, the seed treatments with metal nanoparticles can be contribute to improve agriculture production without impact to quality of crops. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽  
Pratistha Kandel ◽  
Astha Tuladhar ◽  
Ashesh Acharya ◽  
Upendra Kadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Fungal Extracts ◽  
Taxus Wallichiana

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

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