Relationship between Sex, Age, Education and Field-Dependence: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cionini ◽  
Peter Magaro ◽  
Philip Smith ◽  
Francesco Velecogna
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Dependence Relationship ◽  
Educational Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Past examination of the relationship between field-independence and age has indicated a developmental trend of increased field-independence up to 17 yr., with a movement toward greater field-dependence after this point. However, discrepancies between longitudinal and cross-sectional findings suggest that this relationship may be confounded by socioeconomic variables. The present study examined the age/field-dependence relationship in a sample of Northern Italians controlling for educational background. Results for females indicated statistical control of educational variables modified the age/field-dependence relationship, but did not for the male sample.

scholarly journals Perilaku Ibu pada Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) di Kelurahan Pegirian

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Santi Lestiarini ◽  
Yuly Sulistyorini
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The target of exclusive breastfeeding has not been achieved because complementary feeding (MPASI) has been given earlier. Infants aged 0-6 months should only get breastfed without any complementary food. Objective: This paper aimed to analyze factors related to maternal behavior towards complementary feeding (MPASI) in Pegirian Village. Method: This study was observational and cross-sectional, involving all mothers and caregivers of under-five-year-old children in Pegirian Village. The sample size was 35 mothers and caregivers of toddlers in Neighborhood Association No. 06 Community Association 02 Pegirian Village, Surabaya City. Sampling technique in use was saturated sampling or census method because the total population was less than 100. The research variables included educational background, income, and actions in giving MPASI. Correlation test was in use to see the relationship among factors. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude with complementary feeding behavior (P value = 0.001 and 0.015). There was no relationship between the level of education and employment status with complementary feeding behavior towards infants aged less than 6 months (P values = 0.425 and 0.134). Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude of mothers and caregivers can influence complementary feeding for infants aged less than 6 months.

Cognitive Styles: Illusory Phenomena

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane J. Schiano ◽  
Hou-Can Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Illusion Magnitude ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Stimulus Field ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between cognitive style and illusion magnitude was examined using the assimilation and contrast Delboeuf distortions. As in previous research, field dependence correlated positively with assimilation; however, a significant negative correlation with contrast was also found, suggesting that, while field dependence may involve the illusory integration of the stimulus field, field independence may involve its equally illusory differentiation.

scholarly journals Educational Disparity in Drinking and Smoking in Japan for 2013–2019: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruaki Naito ◽  
Yasuhiro Kakiuchi ◽  
Motoki Osawa ◽  
Masataka Taguri ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Negative Estimate ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundIn Japan, studies of the relationship between drinking and educational background have not been as advanced as smoking studies, while Japan has extremely easy access to alcohol on a global level. We divided Japanese adults by drinking status, educational background, age, and gender, and analyzed the relationship, comparing to smokers’ data for reference.MethodsData were drawn from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (2013: 191,973 men, 214,815 women; 2016: 176,969 men, 196,181 women; 2019: 167,276 men, 183,963 women). We classified them as current drinkers, binge drinkers, current smokers, and heavy smokers. Drinking and smoking prevalence were analyzed by disparity indices, including rate difference, rate ratio, between-group variance, and slope index of inequality.ResultsWe found that higher positive estimates of educational disparity indices were among younger drinkers and got lower by aging. Surprisingly, among current drinkers, we also revealed women aged 45-94 had a negative estimate of an educational disparity index, while men aged 45-94 had negative one moving in a positive direction.ConclusionsEducation has a certain effect in preventing drinking, but the effect is so small among middle-aged and elderly people that other factors easily contribute to the phenomenon that those with a high education drink more than those with a low education. We estimated one of the factors is that many elderly women, who were high-educated and often forced to drink in accordance with women’s empowerment, are still alive and keep drinking. Further observation is needed to confirm it or reveal other factors.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN TENTANG BAHAYA MEROKOK DENGAN STATUS MEROKOK DI “RW DENGAN RUMAH BEBAS ASAP ROKOK” KOTA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Agus Heri Setiawan ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari ◽  
Riris Andono Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
Bivariable Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Tests

Implementation of the smoke-free neighborhood program in YogyakartaPurposeThis study aimed to identify the successfulness of smoke-free neighborhood and to understand the relationship between the householders' knowledge and household smoking status. MethodsAn observational analytic study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys. Chi-square, Fisher exact and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the correlation between variables. ResultsFrom those numbers, qualified households which fulfill the program criteria were 76.1% and 75.9%, respectively. To be more specific, in smoke-free neighborhood, about 56.8% householders were under smoking status and 43.2% householders were identified as ex- or non-smoker. Bivariable analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between educational background, age, knowledge, and perception of householder with smoking status. The last model of multivariable analysis showed that knowledge, and age of householders was related to household smoking status. ConclusionThis study shows that smoke-free neighborhood program has not yet affected passive smoker protection significantly. A more specific controlling program to improve the knowledge especially for elderly (> 45 years old) has to be increased in smoke-free neighborhood of Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Age, Educational Background, and Physical Activity on Female Students with Anemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Lukman Dwi Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia has been claimed as the second most contributing cause of disability, which is one of the global health problems. The national prevalence of anemia in female was relatively high (23,90%) compared to male (18,40%). Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between age, educational background, and physical activity on anemia incident of a female student in the Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya. Methods: This study was analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. There were 45 female students in the study population, while 31 of them were selected as respondents through simple random sampling. Data were obtained primarily from the stripe test of every respondent and analyzed with the chi-square test. Results showed the prevalence of anemia was 83,90%. The proportion of anemia in Islamic Junior Highschool students was 90,90%. Meanwhile, the proportion of moderate physical activity with anemia was 94,40%. Results: Based on chi-square test, the age factor has p = 0,26, educational background p = 0,62, and physical activity p = 3,55. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between age, educational background, and physical activity with anemia in female students of Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KADER DENGAN KEPATUHAN KUNJUNGAN IBU BALITA KE POSYANDU DI DESA GASARIBU KECAMATAN LAGUBOTI KABUPATEN TOBA SAMOSIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Erita Saragih ◽  
Dosmaida Nababan ◽  
Maria Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The health system can function optimally if supported by empowering people and as a form of empowerment is their guidance Posyandu cadre and mothers who bring their babies to Posyandu. Guidance cadres would improve their knowledge so that changing the behavior for implementation of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between service quality and compliance cadres with a visit to Posyandu toddler's mother in the village of  Gasaribu District of Laguboti  Toba Samosir. The study design used is cross sectional. The population mothers with toddlers were registered in the region of in the village of  Gasaribu District of Laguboti  Toba Samosir with a sample size of 50 respondents. Independent variable is the quality of service cadre, while the dependent variable is the compliance visit to the Posyandu toddler's mother. Measuring instrument uses closed questionnaire to measure guidance and registers Posyandu cadres Posyandu to measure compliance visit to the Posyandu toddler's mother. Data were analyzed with chi square test Results: There was a significant correlation between the quality of service cadres with compliance visits mothers  (p = 0.005). Posyandu already actively supported also by the mother's educational background is sufficient. Guidance given Posyandu cadres can encourage mothers to come to Posyandu. The cadre who has worked with both fast and precise, and further enhance its services, especially in the field of service quality cadres.   Sistem kesehatan dapat berfungsi secara optimal jika didukung dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan adalah bimbingan kader Posyandu dan ibu-ibu yang membawa bayi mereka ke Posyandu. Bimbingan kader akan meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka sehingga mengubah perilaku untuk implementasi pengetahuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas layanan dan kader kepatuhan dengan kunjungan ibu balita Posyandu di desa Gasaribu Kecamatan Laguboti Toba Samosir. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi ibu dengan balita terdaftar di wilayah Desa Gasaribu Kecamatan Laguboti Toba Samosir dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden. Variabel bebas adalah kualitas kader layanan, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah kunjungan kepatuhan kepada ibu balita Posyandu. Alat ukur menggunakan kuesioner tertutup untuk mengukur pedoman dan catatn kader Posyandu untuk mengukur kunjungan kepatuhan kepada ibu balita ke Posyandu. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Ditemukan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas kader layanan dengan kepatuhan kunjungan ibu (p = 0,005). Posyandu sudah aktif didukung pula oleh latar belakang pendidikan ibu yang memadai. Bimbingan yang diberikan kader Posyandu dapat mendorong ibu untuk datang ke Posyandu. Para kader yang telah bekerja dengan cepat dan tepat, dan lebih meningkatkan layanannya, terutama di bidang kader kualitas layanan.

Re-Examination of the Relationship between Locus of Control and Field Independence/Dependence

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing Lau ◽  
Cyril Figuerres ◽  
J. Kent Davis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 187 American and 90 Filipino college students were given Levenson's locus of control scales and the Thurstone's Goetschaldt hidden figures test. Consistent with past studies, no linear relationship between locus of control and field-independence was found. Results point fairly consistently to the existence of a curvilinear relationship instead. Those who were high in field-independence and high in field-dependence were more external than the individuals in the middle of the field-independence/dependence dimension. A similar curvilinear relationship was observed with the Filipino and the American subjects.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan vaksinasi dasar pada bayi hingga usia 12 bulan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Riska Wandini ◽  
Yeni Koto ◽  
Mutiara Veny Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
The Relationship

Factors influencing basic vaccination coverage of babies up to 12 months of ageBackground: Based on pre-survey conducted on six center for pre and post natal health cares at working area of Permata Health Center of Sukarame, there were 153 out of 346 babies receiving complete vaccination  up to 12 months of agePurpose: To identify the influence of factors basic vaccination coverage of babies up to 12 months of ageMethod: A quantitative and analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The population was mothers and  their babies with the sample was of 142 respondents and taken by purposive sampling. The statistical analysis was chi square.Results: Shows as 109 (76.8%) of respondents had a poor knowledge, 76 (53,5%) negative attitudes, 83 (58,5%); had low educational background, 50 (35,2%) lived in a supportive environment, and 55 infants (38.7%) received uncomplete basic vaccinations. The relationship varies from knowledge with a p value of 0,000 (α <0.05), attitudes to a value of p 0,000 (α <0.05), level of education with a value of p 0,000 (α <0.05), and environment with a value of p 0,000 ( α <0.05).Conclusion: Indicated that there were correlations among knowledge, attitude, education level and environment influencing basic vaccination coverage of babies up to 12 months of age. The health practitioners are suggested to provide a comprehensible knowledge for the parent on vaccination for immunities from any diseases of their babies.Keywords: Basic vaccination; Babies; ParentPendahuluan: Berdasarkan hasil prasurvey di 6 posyandu Wilayah Puskesmas Permata Sukarame, hanya terdapat 153 dari 346 bayi yang telah mendapatkan vaksinasi lengkap hingga usia 12 bulan.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan vaksinasi dasar pada bayi hingga usia 12 bulanMetode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Survei Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasinya semua ibu dan bayi berumur hingga 12 bulan dan sampelnya 142 responden dengan cara purposive sampling. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi squareHasil: Didapatkan 109 (76.8%) responden memiliki pengetahuan yang buruk, 76 (53,5%) sikap negatif, 83 (58,5%); memiliki latar belakang pendidikan rendah, 50 (35,2%) tinggal di lingkungan yang mendukung, dan 55 bayi (38,7%) tidak lengkap vaksinasi dasar. Hubungan bervariasi dari pengetahuan dengan nilai p 0,000 (α <0,05), sikap dengan nilai p 0,000 (α <0,05), tingkat pendidikan dengan nilai p 0,000 (α <0,05), dan lingkungan dengan nilai p p 0,000 (α <0,05).Simpulan: Adanya korelasi antara pengetahuan, sikap, tingkat pendidikan dan lingkungan yang mempengaruhi cakupan vaksinasi dasar bayi hingga usia 12 bulan. Para praktisi kesehatan disarankan untuk memberikan pengetahuan yang komprehensif bagi orang tua mengenai vaksinasi untuk kekebalan/imunitas dari penyakit apa pun pada bayi mereka.

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