Usefulness of Foundry Tooling Materials in Microwave Heating Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Granat ◽  
B. Opyd ◽  
D. Nowak ◽  
M. Stachowicz ◽  
G. Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Basic Criterion ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Heating Technology

Abstract The paper describes preliminary examinations on establishing usefulness criteria of foundry tooling materials in the microwave heating technology. Presented are measurement results of permittivity and loss tangent that determine behaviour of the materials in electromagnetic field. The measurements were carried-out in a waveguide resonant cavity that permits precise determination the above-mentioned parameters by perturbation technique. Examined were five different materials designed for use in foundry tooling. Determined was the loss factor that permits evaluating usefulness of materials in microwave heating technology. It was demonstrated that the selected plastics meet the basic criterion that is transparency for electromagnetic radiation.

scholarly journals Research on Electromagnetic Sensitivity Properties of Sodium Chloride during Microwave Heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Junjiang Chen ◽  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Huan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Heating Efficiency

AbstractThe multimode resonant cavity is the most common cavity. The material often shows on selective heating performance during the heating process due to the effect of microwave heating having a closely relationship with the electromagnetism parameters. This paper is based on finite difference time domain method (FDTD) to establish the electromagnetic-thermal model. The electromagnetic sensitivity property parameters of sodium chloride including relative dielectric constant, loss angle tangent and water content of sodium chloride is studied during the heating and drying process. The heating rate and the electric field distribution of sodium chloride, at the different water content, were simulated with the electromagnetic characteristic parameters changing. The results show that with the electromagnetic sensitivity property parameters varying, the electric field strength, heating rate and steady-state temperature of the heating material will all have a variety in the cavity. Some measures are proposed to improve the heating efficiency and ensure the stability of the microwave heating system in the industrial application.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microwave Applicator Design on Electromagnetic Field Distribution and Heating Pattern of Cooked Peeled Shrimp

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Érica S. Siguemoto ◽  
Jorge A. W. Gut ◽  
Georgios Dimitrakis ◽  
Sebastien Curet ◽  
Lionel Boillereaux
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Electromagnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Shrimp Sample ◽  
Microwave Applicator ◽  
Heating Pattern

Non-uniform temperature distribution within solid food is a major problem associated with microwave heating, which limits industrial applications. Therefore, an experimentally validated 3D model was proposed to study the effect of microwave applicator geometry on the electromagnetic field distribution and heating pattern of shrimp under different processing conditions. Simulation results were compared with physical experiments, in which a cooked peeled shrimp sample was heated using two different laboratory-scale microwave applicators (rectangular and cylindrical cavities). For the rectangular applicator, the temperature distribution within the shrimp, when examined in cross-section, was more homogeneous compared to that of the cylindrical applicator. The results showed the influence of the complex shape of the food on the temperature distribution during microwave heating, as well as of process parameters (input power and geometry cavity). Moreover, this modelling method could provide a better understanding of the microwave heating process and assist manufacturing companies to evaluate a suitable microwave applicator according to their specific purpose.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Detection of Morin and Cell Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Xuebing Li ◽  
Haifen Yang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Tijian Sun ◽  
Wei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Co Doped

Background: Morin has many pharmacological functions including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. It is commonly used in the treatment of antiviral infection, gastropathy, coronary heart disease and hepatitis B in clinic. However, researches have shown that morin is likely to show prooxidative effects on the cells when the amount of treatment is at high dose, leading to the decrease of intracellular ATP levels and the increase of necrosis process. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the concentration of morin in biologic samples. Method: Novel water-soluble and green nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) were prepared by a microwave heating process with citric acid and L-cysteine. The fluorescence spectra were collected at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm when solutions of NSCDs were mixed with various concentrations of morin. Results: The as-prepared NSCDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of NSCDs decreased significantly with the increase of morin concentration. The fluorescence intensity of NSCDs displayed a linear response to morin in the concentration 0.10-30 μM with a low detection limit of 56 nM. The proposed fluorescent probe was applied to analysis of morin in human body fluids with recoveries of 98.0-102%. Conclusion: NSCDs were prepared by a microwave heating process. The present analytical method is sensitive to morin. The quenching process between NSCDs and morin is attributed to the static quenching. In addition, the cellular toxicity on HeLa cells indicated that the as-prepared NSCDs fluorescent probe does not show obvious cytotoxicity in cell imaging. Our proposed method possibly opens up a rapid and nontoxic way for preparing heteroatom doped carbon dots with a broad application prospect.

Preparation of WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functionally graded self-lubricating tool material by microwave sintering and its cutting performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Tang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Qiulin Niu ◽  
Guoqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Lubricating Material ◽  
Heating Technology

AbstractWith the concern of the environment, green dry cutting technology is getting more and more attention and self-lubricating tool technology plays an important role in dry cutting. Due to the demand for high temperature performance of tools during dry cutting process, cemented carbide with Ni3Al as the binder phase has received extensive attention due to its excellent high temperature strength and high temperature oxidation resistance. In this paper, WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 graded self-lubricating material and tools were prepared by microwave heating method, and its microstructure, mechanical properties and cutting performance were studied. Results show that gradient self-lubricating material can be quickly prepared by microwave heating technology, and the strength is equivalent to that of conventional heating technology. CaF2 not only plays a role in self-lubrication, but also refines the grain of the material. A reasonable gradient design can improve the mechanical properties of the material. When the gradient distribution exponent is n1 = 2, the material has high mechanical properties. Cutting experiments show that the WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functional gradient self-lubricating tool has better cutting performance than the homogeneous WC-TiC-Ni3Al hard alloys.

scholarly journals Application of isometric transformation and robust estimation to compare the measurement results of steel pipe spools

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 804-812
Author(s):  
Świętoń Tomasz ◽  
Kadaj Roman ◽  
Oleniacz Grzegorz ◽  
Skrzypczak Izabela
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Isometric Transformation ◽  
Measurement Results

AbstractProduction of prefabricated pipe spools for the needs of the oil and gas industry requires precise determination of their shape and dimensions. The crucial moment of production is to measure the spool being built, compare it with the design and define the geometry corrections that should be applied at the construction stage. At present, the comparison of spools is usually done in a manual manner in a CAD program or other software dedicated for this purpose and is implemented by combining variously defined translations and rotations. This approach is time-consuming and the results strongly depend on the survey engineer’s experience. In this article, a method of comparing the shape of two spools, based on isometric transformation and robust estimation, has been proposed. This method can be used to automate the comparison process. In standard approach, applied by both design engineers and assemblers, spools are described by a set of coordinates and, in the case of flanges, by sets of appropriately defined angular values. A method of flange description suitable for use in the isometric transformation process has been proposed, and potential problems that may appear at the implementation stage of the algorithm have been discussed. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the elements of a spool that do not fit into the design project in a way that allows minimizing the number of corrections at the construction stage.

Dielectric properties of wheat flour mixed with oat meal

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Łuczycka ◽  
A. Czubaszek ◽  
M. Fujarczuk ◽  
K. Pruski
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dielectric Loss Factor ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Sedimentation Value

Abstract Possibilities of using electric methods for determining admixtures of oat meal to wheat flour, type 650 are presented. In wheat flour, oat meal and mixtures containing 10, 20 and 30% of the oat meal, moisture, protein, starch and ash content, sedimentation value, yield and softening of wet gluten were determined. In samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 100% of oat meal, the dielectric loss factor and conductivity were determined using an impedance analyzer for electromagnetic field frequency ranging from 0.1-20 kHz. It was found that the dielectric loss factor varied for tested material. The best distinguishing between tested mixtures was obtained at the measuring electromagnetic field frequency of 20 kHz. The loss factor was significantly correlated with the yield of wet gluten and the sedimentation value, parameters indicating the amount and quality of gluten proteins in flour.

scholarly journals Shape Effect on the Temperature Field during Microwave Heating Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Tianyi Su ◽  
Shiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Power Absorption ◽  
Sample Shape ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Microwave Process

Aiming at improving the food quality during microwave process, this article mainly focused on the numerical simulation of shape effect, which was evaluated by microwave power absorption capability and temperature distribution uniformity in a single sample heated in a domestic microwave oven. This article only took the electromagnetic field and heat conduction in solid into consideration. The Maxwell equations were used to calculate the distribution of microwave electromagnetic field distribution in the microwave cavity and samples; then the electromagnetic energy was coupled as the heat source in the heat conduction process in samples. Quantitatively, the power absorption capability and temperature distribution uniformity were, respectively, described by power absorption efficiency (PAE) and the statistical variation of coefficient (COV). In addition, we defined the comprehensive evaluation coefficient (CEC) to describe the usability of a specific sample. In accordance with volume or the wave numbers and penetration numbers in the radial and axial directions of samples, they can be classified into different groups. And according to the PAE, COV, and CEC value and the specific need of microwave process, an optimal sample shape and orientation could be decided.

Modeling The Microwave Frequency Dielectric Properties of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Jackson ◽  
Curtis H. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Rotation Procedure

ABSTRACTMixture models were studied in an effort to predict the microwave frequency permittivities of unidirectional-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic-matrix composite materials as a function of fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation relative to the electric field, and temperature. The permittivities of the constituent fiber and plastic materials were measured using a resonant cavity perturbation technique at 9.4 GHz and at 2.45 GHz. The permittivities of the composite specimens were measured using a reflection cavity technique at 9.4 GHz and at 2.45 GHz. Simple “rule-of-mixtures” models that use the fiber and plastic permittivities have been found to approximate the complex dielectric properties of the composite for varied fiber volume fractions. The permittivities of oriented composites were modeled using a tensor rotation procedure. Composite permittivities were modeled with temperature up to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic matrix.

A method for coupled microwave heating process and heat transfer simultaneously of moving objects

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. e13468
Author(s):  
Pu Guang Yi ◽  
Pu Cheng Xi ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Song Chun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Heating Process
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