scholarly journals Measles outbreak in a Roma community in the Eastern region of Slovakia, May to October 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Henrieta Hudečková ◽  
Janka Stašková ◽  
Ján Mikas ◽  
Adriana Mečochová ◽  
Edita Staroňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
National Immunization Programme ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractBackgroundDespite the effective National Immunization Programme of Slovakia, some population groups are incompletely vaccinated or unvaccinated. We aimed to describe the measles outbreak spread in Eastern Slovakia between May and October 2018, affecting the Roma communities in relation to the existing immunity gaps.MethodsWe defined a group of persons living in socially closed communities with low vaccination coverage.ResultsOf 439 measles cases (median age: 10 years), 264 (60.1%) were vaccinated, 137 (31.2%) received two doses and 127 (28.9%) one dose of measles vaccines, 155 (35.3%) were unvaccinated and 20 (4.6%) had an unknown vaccination status. Samples from 102 patients (with two-dose vaccination status) were additionally tested for antibodies against rubella and mumps. Of 102 cases, 68 (66.7%) cases had a positive IgM and 23 (22.5 %) IgG antibodies against measles. For rubella, only 20 (19.6%) cases had seropositive IgG levels, for mumps higher positivity was detected in 60 persons (58.8%). We could detect only a small percentage with positive serology results of rubella IgG antibodies across all age groups. We have assumed that rubella antibodies had to be produced following the vaccination. Their absence in the cases with two doses of MMR suggests that these vaccines could not have been administrated despite the fact that this data was included in the medical records. Sequential analysis of two samples showed measles genotype B3.ConclusionThis outbreak can outline the existence of a vulnerable group of the Roma. Low vaccinate coverage represents a serious public health threat.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Marchioro ◽  
C.M. Colli ◽  
É.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.M. Viol ◽  
S.M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to Toxocara were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies to Toxocara spp. The presence of antibodies to Toxocara spp. increased the risk of T. gondii infection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected by T. gondii than those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocara spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for Toxocara spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.

The role of demographic factors of international students on teaching preferences

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Pramila Rao
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Teaching Preferences ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose This empirical research was conducted in a medium-sized private university located in the north-eastern region of the USA. The purpose of this paper was to understand whether demographic attributes (age, gender, country of origin and years of stay in the USA) of international students will predict any preferences for specific teaching methods. This study was conducted with international students from October 2012 through May 2013 (fall and spring semesters). Design/methodology/approach This research paper provides hypotheses to explore whether there is any relationship between demographic factors and preferences for various teaching methods. This study analyzes the results using both Pearson’s correlations and one-way ANOVA to reject or accept the hypotheses. Findings The results demonstrated that there were no significant correlations between the demographic variables of international students and teaching methods. However, the one-way ANOVA analyses suggested that there are differences among age groups and their preferences for group projects, years of studying in the USA and their preferences for classroom discussions, and gender and their preferences for textbook assignments. Practical implications This study suggests that scholars provide orientation or training on the host country’s pedagogies so that international students can assimilate better into their academic communities. Originality/value This pioneering paper examines the role between demographic variables of international students and teaching pedagogies. This specific concept has not been examined in this literature before. This understanding could contribute to a richer understanding of this population of students.

Measles in bone marrow transplant recipients during an outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse M. Machado ◽  
Flávio B. Gonçalves ◽  
Cláudio S. Pannuti ◽  
Frederico L. Dulley ◽  
Vanda A. U. F. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Measles Outbreak

In 1997, a measles outbreak was identified in São Paulo. Between February and December, 20 185 cases were confirmed. From April to July 1997, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted to identify the recipients of bone marrow (BM) transplants who were susceptible to measles and the occurrence of measles in this population. A total of 156 patients were screened by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Patients with IgG titers more than 100 mIU/mL were considered immune. Measles reimmunization records were also reviewed. Thirty-two vaccinated patients underwent serologic evaluation. Six of 22 patients (27.3%) within 3 years after vaccination lost measles immunity, in contrast to 7 of 10 patients (70%) vaccinated longer than 3 years previously (P = .049). Among the 122 nonvaccinated patients, 41 (33.6%) were susceptible to measles: 4 of 47 patients (8.5%) within the first year after BM transplantation (BMT), and 37 of the 75 patients (49.3%) after the first year after BMT (P < .001). Eight recipients acquired measles, confirmed by serology (EIA). High-avidity IgG antibodies were observed in the acute phase of measles, suggesting a secondary immune response. Measles interstitial pneumonia was observed in one patient. Seven patients had mild symptoms. Exanthema was present in all patients. All but one patient had fever and nonproductive cough. Koplik spots could be observed in 5 patients. Measles can be mild in BM transplant recipients. Exanthema is frequently present but not often typical. Immunity to measles decreases after day +365 after BMT. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the safety of measles vaccine after the first year of BMT, mostly during outbreaks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Helicobacter pylory colonization by serologic test (IgG) and dyspepsia in volunteers from the countryside of Monte Negro, in the Brazilian western Amazon region

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Bernardon Ribeiro ◽  
Herlon Saraiva Martins ◽  
Vera Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo el Khouri ◽  
Leandro Savoy Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
H Pylori

The present study intended to analyze the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, IgG, and its relation to dyspepsia in a population from the western Amazon region. During the "Projeto Bandeira Científica", a University of São Paulo Medical School program, in Monte Negro's rural areas, state of Rondônia, 266 blood samples were collected from volunteers. The material was tested for IgG antibodies anti-Helicobacter pylori by ELISA method and the participants were also interviewed on dyspepsia, hygiene and social aspects. Participants aged between five and 81 years old (34 years on average), 149 (56%) were female and 117 (44%) male. We found 210 (78.9%) positive, 50 (18.8%) negative and six (2.3%) undetermined samples. Dyspeptic complaints were found in 226 cases (85.2%). There was no statistical association between dyspepsia and positive serology for H. pylori. We concluded that the seroprevalence in all age categories is similar to results found in other studies conducted in developing countries, including those from Brazil. On the other hand, the seroprevalence found in Monte Negro was higher than that reported in developed countries. As expected, there was a progressive increase in the positivity for H. pylori in older age groups.

scholarly journals Meningococcal disease epidemiology in Australia 10 years after implementation of a national conjugate meningococcal C immunization programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. LAWRENCE ◽  
H. WANG ◽  
M. LAHRA ◽  
R. BOOY ◽  
P. B. McINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Vaccine Failures

SUMMARYAustralia implemented conjugate meningococcal C immunization in 2003 with a single scheduled dose at age 12 months and catch-up for individuals aged 2–19 years. Several countries have recently added one or more booster doses to their programmes to maintain disease control. Australian disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data were used to assess longer term vaccine coverage and impact on invasive serogroup C disease incidence and mortality, and review vaccine failures. Coverage was 93% in 1-year-olds and 70% for catch-up cohorts. In 10 years, after adjusting for changes in diagnostic practices, population invasive serogroup C incidence declined 96% (95% confidence interval 94–98) to 0·4 and 0·6 cases/million in vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, respectively. Only three serogroup C deaths occurred in 2010–2012vs.68 in 2000–2002. Four (<1/million doses) confirmed vaccine failures were identified in 10 years with no increasing trend. Despite published evidence of waning antibody over time, an ongoing single dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the second year of life following widespread catch-up has resulted in near elimination of serogroup C disease in all age groups without evidence of vaccine failures in the first decade since introduction. Concurrently, serogroup B incidence declined independently by 55%.

Measles antibodies and response to vaccination in children aged less than 14 months: implications for age of vaccination

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BORRÀS ◽  
L. URBIZTONDO ◽  
J. COSTA ◽  
J. BATALLA ◽  
N. TORNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
Measles Vaccination

SUMMARYPassive immunity against measles decreases during the first months of life. The objective of this study was to determine titres of measles antibodies in children aged 9–14 months and their mothers before vaccination, and the children's response to vaccination. Blood samples were collected by capillary puncture before and 28 days after vaccination. Samples were obtained between February and June 2007 during an ongoing measles outbreak. Titres of specific measles IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroconversion was defined as the presence of antibodies after vaccination in subjects without antibodies before vaccination. Maternal antibodies were present in 37·7% of all 69 children included and in 45·1% of children aged 9 months. Of the 51 children in whom a second sample was obtained, 31 (60·8%) were seronegative before vaccination and 61·3% seroconverted. Interference of maternal antibodies was 30%. Advancing the first dose of measles vaccination from 15 to 12 months is a correct strategy, given the increase in the time of susceptibility of infants to measles.

scholarly journals Investigation of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay Method in Patients of Different Age Groups: Evaluation of Atypical Serological Profiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alev Çetin Duran ◽  
Tuğba Kula Ati
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Serological Profile ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Epstein Barr

Objective: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause different clinical pictures from infectious mononucleosis (IM) to malignancies such as B-cell lymphomas, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. VCA-IgM, VCA-IgG, EBNA-1 IgG antibodies are the most commonly used antibodies in revealing the serological profile. This study aimed to examine the serological profiles of patients with suspected EBV infection and to interpret the atypical profiles encountered. Methods: The results of VCA-IgM, VCA-IgG, and EBNA-1 IgG antibodies studied in the Microbiology Laboratory between 2017-2019 were evaluated retrospectively. EBV serological tests (VCA-IgM, VCA-IgG, and EBNA-1 IgG) were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method (Architect, Abbott, Wiesbaden, Germany). Results: Of the 2486 patients evaluated, 1341 (53.9%) were male, 1145 (46.1%) were female, and the average age was determined as 16.93 ± 19.5. EBV past infection was detected in 56.65% of the cases, the acute infection was detected in 17.25%, and 21.09% did not encounter EBV. Atypical serological profile was detected in 5.01%. As an atypical profile, the most common positivity of three antibodies together (3.90%), then isolated VCA-IgG positivity (0.91%), and isolated EBNA-1 IgG positivity (0.20%) were determined. It was determined that 24.24% of the cases with an atypical profile were immunosuppressive patient.  Conclusions: The rate of encountering EBV in our study is 78.91%. The atypical EBV serological profile rate was found to be 5.01%. Approximately one-fourth of the cases with an atypical profile was found to be in the patient group with immune disorders. It is thought that antibody tests are not sufficient to determine the stage of infection, especially in these patient groups, and further tests should be performed. It has been demonstrated that serological monitoring is required for the interpretation of atypical profiles. Keywords: Epstein-Barr virüs, serological tests, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), atypical serological profile

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