scholarly journals Soya Bitkisinin Gelişiminde Gübre, Kompost, Mikoriza ve Bakteri Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Author(s):  
Seda Bice Ataklı ◽  
Sezer Şahin ◽  
Sabriye Belgüzar

One of the most important factors that increase soil fertility is the amount of soil organic matter. One of the ways to increase soil organic matter is the addition of organic fertilizers. Yemsoy soybean cultivar was used in the study, and pot study was carried out in 3 replications according to the randomized blocks experimental design. In the study, three different fertilizer doses (EC 0- 0.5- 1), three different grape pomace compost (0- 20-40 %) were applied to the peat perlite mixture, and mycorrhiza and bacteria inoculation to these environments. At the end of a 60-day growing period, the plants were harvested from the top of the pot, and measurements were made. In the study, there was an increase in the above-ground fresh and dry weights, root fresh, and root dry weights of soybean plants grown with increasing fertilizer rates. The addition of compost to the growing medium, the addition of mycorrhiza, and bacteria caused different results in the investigated properties. The increase in compost and plant nutrition doses was effective in increasing plant growth.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Benavente-Ferraces ◽  
Fátima Esteban ◽  
Denis Courtier-Murias ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  

<p>Biochar application is now considered to be one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate climate change. However, to fully assess the benefits of biochar, we still need to better understand its effects on soil properties, and particularly on native soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics.</p><p>In this work, we investigated soil respiration and changes in SOM pools (mineral-free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated SOM) as affected by the application of 20 t / ha per year of biochar alone or combined with mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, or sewage sludge. The experiment was run for 7 years in a semiarid agricultural soil. We found that biochar had no effect on soil respiration with respect to mineral fertilization and no amendment (control), and tended to decrease CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions from soils amended with municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge. Biochar accumulated mainly in the mineral-free SOM fraction and its addition, especially in combination with municipal solid waste compost, promoted the amount of SOM occluded with aggregates and associated to mineral surfaces.</p><p>Acknowledgments: to the Spanish MICINN (MINECO, AEI, FEDER, EU) for supporting the research project AGL2016-75762-R.</p>


Author(s):  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Shunting Li ◽  
Yuepeng Zhou

The study on soil organic matter (SOM) is of great importance to regional cultivated land use and protection. Based on data collected via continuous and high-density soil samples (0–20 cm) and socio-economic data collected from household survey and local bureau of statistics, this study employs geostatistics and economic statistical methods to investigate the spatial-temporal variation of SOM contents during 1980–2010 in the urban fringe of Sujiatun district in Shenyang City, China. We find that: (1) as to temporal variation, SOM contents in the study sites decreased from 30.88 g/kg in 1980 to 22.63 g/kg in 2000. It further declined to 20.07 g/kg in 2010; (2) in terms of spatial variation, the closer to city center, the more decline of SOM contents. Contrarily, SOM contents could even rise in outer suburb area; and (3) SOM content variation may be closely related to human factors such as farmers’ land use target and behaviour including inputs of chemical and organic fertilizers, types of crops and etc. These findings are conductive to grasp the overall trend of SOM variation and the influence of farmers’ land use behaviour on it. Furthermore, they could provide support for policymakers to agricultural planning and land use monitoring, which consequently aids the improvement of soil quality and food production in the urban fringe areas.


1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Aweto ◽  
O. Obe ◽  
O. O. Ayanniyi

SUMMARYSoils in farmlands near Ibadan, Nigeria, where shifting or continuous cultivation of cassava intercropped with maize is practised, were sampled in February 1990 and their characteristics compared with those of similar, uncultivated, forest soil. Organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, cation exchange capacity and pH were lower in the cultivated soils. Continuous cultivation exerted a greater effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus status then did shifting cultivation. It is suggested that inorganic and organic fertilizers and mulch should be applied to cultivated soil to conserve the soil nutrients. Fallows of 3–6 years following 1–3 years of cropping appeared incapable alone of adequately restoring soil fertility. They should, therefore, be supplemented with fertilizer applications.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Silma Oktiasa ◽  
Dwi W. Ganefianti

Low content of soil organic matter and low availability of nutrients in Ultisol are major constraints of this soil to support growth and development of chili pepper. Application of organic fertilizer is required to increase content of soil organic matter as well as to improve other chemical, biological, physical properties of this soil. Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata) and Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) are potential sources of organic fertilizer. The aim of this study was to compare growth and yield of chili pepper under different time application of Wedelia and Siam Weed based organic fertilizers. Greenhouse house experiment was conducted employing Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors namely Wedelia and Siam Weed composts as first factor and 5 (five) different time of application as second factor. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The study showed that most variables observed in this experiment were not affected by types of compost. Only were plant height, canopy width and dry weight of biomass significant difference between the two composts. Siam weed compost applied two weeks before planting resulted in plant canopy wider than Wedelia compost. However, Wedelia compost applied at planting resulted in longer chili pepper as compared to Siam weed compost. The experiment also revealed that Wedelia compost produced higher plant height and root dry weight as compared to Siam weed compost.


2019 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vorobyova ◽  
Valeriy Petrov ◽  
Aleksey Belkov ◽  
Anton Prah ◽  
Vladimir Volynkin

Растительные отходы сельскохозяйственного производства в основном утилизируются в качестве кормов в животноводстве и реже используются в виде удобрения на многолетних насаждениях. Из растительных сельскохозяйственных отходов в качестве органического удобрения могут быть использованы вторичные отходы винодельческого производства, виноградные выжимки. Обоснование возможности применения такого вида биоудобрения в конкретных условиях с учетом показателей, характеризующих биоматериал и состав почвы, послужило целью выполненной работы. Биогенность деградируемой почвы ампелоценозов увеличивается легко гидролизируемыми виноградными выжимами, по своему биохимическому составу являющимися зональным экологическим индукторам физико-химического и механического состава почвы. Партии используемого биоматериала, вносимого в почву опытных участков в период проводимых исследований, по своим биохимическим показателям (азот, фосфор, калий, органическое вещество, рН) не имели существенных различий. Показатели содержания подвижных форм фосфора и калия в почве используют для оценки фосфатного и калийного режимов разных почв. При их недостаточности в почве рациональна замена агрохимикатов, относящимся к средствам химизации сельского хозяйства (фосфор-калийные удобрения), биоудобрением из отходов виноградовинодельческого производства, содержащим эти макроэлементы. Определено, что повышение биогенности и физико-химического состава почвы возможно обогащением ее отходами виноделия, содержащими питательные вещества для корнеобитаемого слоя почвы (азот 6,3%; фосфор 0,44%; калий 1,59%), органическое вещество до 82% и рН не вызывающий изменений кислотного баланса почвы. Установлено, что после одного цикла (весна-осень-весна 2017-2018 гг.) внесения биоудобрения в комплексе с эффективными микроорганизмами (препарат Байкал ЭМ-1) почва характеризовалась увеличением органического вещества на 0,3%, подвижных форм фосфора - на 11,0 мг/кг, общего азота - на 0,07%, макроэлементов кальция, натрия, магния, калия - от 2,0 до 7,0 мг/кг, уменьшением гранулометрического состава почвы (фракция < 0,01 мм) - на 0,7%, снижением концентрации тяжелых металлов (кобальт, мышьяк, медь, цинк - по ГОСТ) - от 0,1 до 6,0 мг/кг. Использование виноградных выжимок в комплексе с эффективными микроорганизмами в качестве энергетического биоматериала удовлетворяет современным требованиям эколого-экономической и эффективной утилизации растительных отходов сельского хозяйства в области виноградовинодельческого производства.Vegetation residue from agricultural production is mainly used as feed in livestock rearing, and is less frequently used as fertilizer on perennial plantings. From agricultural green waste, secondary waste from wine production and grape pomace can also be used as organic fertilizers. We conducted feasibility studies on the use of such bio-fertilizers under specific conditions, taking into account soil composition and biomaterial parameters. Biogenesity of the degrading soils of ampelocenoses can be improved by easily hydrolyzed grape marc, the biochemical composition of which serves as zonal ecological inducer of soil physico-chemical and mechanical composition. Batches of biomaterial introduced into soil of experimental plots during research had no significant differences in biochemical parameters (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, pH). Active forms of phosphorus and potassium content in the soil is used to estimate the phosphate and potassium statuses of different soils. When their content in the soil is insufficient, it is recommended to replace the agrochemicals (phosphorus-potassium fertilizers) with bio-fertilizers from grape-growing production waste rich in those macronutrients. The study established that soil biogenisity and physico-chemical composition can be improved through its enrichment with winemaking waste containing nutrients for soil root layer (nitrogen 4.3 %; phosphorus 0.49%; potassium 1.49%), up to 82% of organic matter and the pH that does not alter the soil acid balance. It was found that one cycle (spring-autumn - spring 2017-2018) of bio-fertilizer introduction combined with effective microorganisms (Baikal EM-1 preparation), increased organic matter in the soil by 0.3 %, active phosphorus by 11.0 mg/kg, total nitrogen by 0.07%, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium macronutrients from 2.0 up to 7.0 mg/kg, and decreased soil granulometric composition (fraction < 0.01 mm) by 0.7 %; it decreased heavy metal concentration (cobalt, arsenic, copper, zinc - under GOST) from 0.1 to 6.0 mg/kg. Combined application of grape pomace and effective micro-organisms as energy biomaterial meets modern requirements for environmentally sound, effective and efficient disposal of agricultural green waste material in the field of viticulture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
J.J. Gairhe ◽  
S. Khanal ◽  
S. Thapa

Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) are slow and difficult to monitor, usually apparent after few decades. Recent changes in the agriculture had its influence on soil, including the soil organic matter content. About 60% of soil in Nepal now have low organic matter content. Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) was focused more on the concept of green revolution to increase the chemical fertilizer inputs, however, the scenario is changing. Use of organic fertilizers is promoted extensively by government and different organizations with a target of increasing SOM content from 1.92% in 2015 to 4% by 2035. This paper aims at analysing the current status, targeted goal and the challenges faced in the augmentation of the soil organic matter using data available. Achieving this target requires an addition of extra 2.244 ton/ha of organic matter on a yearly basis for 20 years. The average amount of organic matter (2.5-3 ton/ha) applied is lesser than a single season grain harvest. 4.69% of sites had high soil organic matter in fiscal year 075/76 which slipped to 2.64% in 2076/77. The sites with low soil organic matter increased from 12.73% to 15.31%. The causes behind the SOM decline varies according to different agro-ecological zones like soil erosion, residue burning, imbalanced fertilizer use, defective FYM production etc. Findings suggest precise technologies required to be adopted to tackle with the different niche specific causes of soil fertility decline. Despite the complete nutrient content, bulky nature of organic fertilizers sets a major drawback regarding their transportation, distribution and commercialization. Government of Nepal is promoting organic fertilizer use by subsidizing their production cost by 50%. Following integrated nutrient management (INM) techniques, sustainable soil management practices (SSMP) and promotion of use of locally available resources can play a huge role in making the technology sustainable to the farmers.


World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7(35)) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Предоляк О. М. ◽  
Круглик С. Г. ◽  
Нагорна О. В. ◽  
Плотніцька А. В.

It was investigated the effect of long fallow and systematic minimizing tillage on organic matter in soils and its potential renewing ability. It was investigated the factors of influence on the mineralization and humification of soil organic matter. Using of energy-saving technologies and alternative organic fertilizers increases soil organic matter and gives the results close to the fallow values. It was found that soil fertility performance to the fallow levels are possible with prolonged use of organic fertilizers and minimize soil tillage.


1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
G. H. Gethin Jones

G. W. Robinson and J. O. Jones (1) have shown that humified can be distinguished from non-humified organic matter by the use of 6 per cent, hydrogen peroxide. Humified organic matter is apparently oxidizedor rendered soluble by this reagent, whilst structural organic matter is unattacked. It seems reasonable to suppose that a similar distinction might be made in the case of farmyard manure between the amorphous decomposed material and the unaltered fibre of the faeces and litter. In other words, the degree of decomposition of farmyard manure might be determined by a method similar to that suggested for the degree of humification of soil organic matter. It is recognised that farmyard manure differs somewhat from soil organic matter in that the former includes the naturally soluble constituents of the litter, faeces and urine, which are either oxidized completely or rendered soluble in the peroxide treatment. However, they may be regarded as analogous in that both have undergone putrefactive decomposition. In the present paper, humification is used as a convenient term for the processes whereby organic matter is changed to structureless colloidal material and not as implying their exact correspondence with humification in the soil.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Hery Widijanto

<p>Degraded land is the land that has lost a lot of nutrients and soil organic matter. This research is aimed to determine the effect of the kinds of organic fertilizers to Ca and Mg uptake and yield of groundnuts on degraded land. This research was done using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) single factor and three replications for each treatment. The results showed that organic fertilizer influence to Ca and Mg uptake and the yield of groundnut on degraded lands. Eichonia crasspies manure increased Ca and Mg uptake of groundnut on degraded soil. Cow manure fertilizer increased 200% of their groundnut production as compared to without organic fertilizer.</p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document