scholarly journals A Student-Directed Community Cardiovascular Screening Project at a Regional Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Crump ◽  
Emma C. Doyle ◽  
William R. Southall ◽  
Blake S. Edmonson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Regional Campus

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important threat to public health, especially in rural communities. Clinical medical students at a rural regional campus can be a valuable resource to plan and implement CVD risk factor case finding project in the host community. Methods Directed by a representative county advisory council and supervised by a regional dean, clinical medical students designed and implemented CVD screenings at several public locations, recording health history and measurements of blood glucose, total blood cholesterol, and blood pressure. Those screened with abnormal readings were directed to definitive care including the local student-directed free clinic. Students were surveyed using a Likert scale before and after participation to assess their confidence in executing a community health project. The Baptist Health Madisonville IRB approved the protocol as exempt and the authors have no conflicts of interest. Results Over a period of almost two years in 2017-2019, 572 participants were screened. The demographics reflected those of the entire county, except screening was focused on adults. High blood pressure was found in 43%, high glucose in 28%, and high cholesterol in 48%. These values were similar to published countywide prevalence proportions. The student pre- to post- increase in confidence was remarkable (p< 0.000). Conclusions Our results show that regional campus medical students directed by a representative county advisory council and supervised by a regional dean can successfully implement a community CVD screening effort. The students also expressed a dramatic increase in their confidence in designing and implementing such a project. Lessons learned are shared for consideration by those at other regional health campuses.

Exercise, Nutrition, and Homocysteine

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanae M. Joubert ◽  
Melinda M. Manore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact

Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modi-fable by nutrition and possibly exercise. While individuals participating in regular physical activity can modify CVD risk factors, such as total blood cholesterol levels, the impact physical activity has on blood homocysteine concentrations is unclear. This review examines the influence of nutrition and exercise on blood homocysteine levels, the mechanisms of how physical activity may alter homocys-teine levels, the role of homocysteine in CVD, evidence to support homocysteine as an independent risk factor for CVD, mechanisms of how homocysteine increases CVD risk, and cut-off values for homocysteinemia. Research examining the impact of physical activity on blood homocysteine levels is equivocal, which is partially due to a lack of control for confounding variables that impact homocysteine. Duration, intensity, and mode of exercise appear to impact blood homocysteine levels differently, and may be dependent on individual fitness levels.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Stroke Non Hemoragik pada Pasien di RS RK Charitas dan RS Myria Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Bangun Dwi Hardika ◽  
M Yuwono ◽  
HM Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a frequent case of stroke caused by blockage of blood vessels and the accumulation of changeable and unchangeable risk factors. The impact of stroke is a long-term physical and functional disorder that affects the life quality of the patient and the family. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of non-hemorrhagic stroke. This study is an observational analytic epidemiological study with case control research design conducted in 2 private hospitals. The samples were selected sequentially with a ratio of 1: 2 (case: control) consisting of 50 patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke and 100 patients without non-hemorrhagic stroke. The data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis method by using binary logistic regression. The results of risk factor analysis which were independently associated were Total Blood Cholesterol, History of Hypertension, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Cardiac Examination. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors affecting non hemorrhagic stroke were History of Hypertension (OR: 6,476, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 2,338-17,935), Total Blood Cholesterol Level ≥200 mg/dl (OR: 6,139, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 2,334-16,148), Education Level (OR: 0,311, p = 0.009, 95% CI: 0,129-0,747), Gender (OR: 0.379, p = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.165-0.871 ), and Obesity (OR: 2,217, p = 0.080, 95% CI: 0.910-5.401). As a conclusion, there were 5 variables of risk factors that influence to Non Hemorrhagic Stroke. If those variables of risk factors were exist in the respondent, the risk of a non hemorrhagic Stroke reached 81.6%. It was suggested that the patients made an effort on preventions by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and controlling risk factors affecting the occurrence of non-hemorrhagic stroke.

Abstract P453: Keep Your Heart Healthy: Engaging Medical Students to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Low Income Communities

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Klein ◽  
Allison L Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Jasmine Rassiwala ◽  
Nilay S Shah ◽  
Claudia L Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
African American ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Convenience Sample

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are largely preventable yet remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Chicago, especially in minority neighborhoods. Hypothesis: Medical schools can engage students to conduct community CVD screening and consultation to reduce risks in low income Chicago communities with high CVD mortality rates. Objectives: Keep Your Heart Healthy (KYHH) initiative is a collaboration of the Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Department of Public Health, and community partners. The KYHH pilot aims to engage medical students to determine current CVD risks through screening and consultation in primarily Hispanic (Humboldt Park) and African American (North Lawndale) Chicago communities. We report on the pilot: August 1, 2013 to date. Methods: A total of 54 medical students volunteered, including 26% of the first-year class. A convenience sample of adults was recruited by community health workers. Medical student volunteers, trained by Feinberg faculty, conducted interviews to assess CVD risk by participant self report, measured body weight and blood pressure, and provided brief, personalized counseling based on the American Heart Association’s “Life’s Simple 7.” Participants with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 were referred to their primary care providers or a Federally Qualified Health Center. Randomly selected participants provided post-event survey feedback. Results: At 17 events, students (mean = 8) screened 650 participants in Humboldt Park (further data n=329 at time of submission) and 119 participants in North Lawndale. Demographics (Humboldt Park vs North Lawndale) were as follows: race/ethnicity (82% Latino vs 94% African American); age (63% vs 54% 40-65 years old); gender (62% vs 75% women). Self-reported CVD risk factors included cigarette smoking (31% vs 21%), diabetes (33% vs 17%), hypertension (47% vs 34%), and prior heart attack (8% vs 7%) or stroke (5% vs 1%). Obesity (42% vs 57%) and uncontrolled hypertension (20% vs 23%) rates were high. Humboldt Park and North Lawndale participants rarely (19% vs 15%) or sometimes (41% vs 43%) ate fruit/vegetables, and sometimes (42% vs 50%) or often (20% vs 22%) ate high-salt foods. Participants often lacked insurance or a usual source of care (32% vs 34%). The most common participant-identified goals were achieving a healthier body weight (51% vs 42%) or diet (41% vs 34%). Of 131 participants who provided post-event feedback, 95% indicated they learned something new about their heart health, 92% made goals to improve it, 99% indicated they understood their own personal risks, and 99% indicated they would recommend the screening to others. Conclusion: CVD risk factor burden is high in low income Chicago communities. KYHH is a model for engaging medical students to advance community health by conducting personalized screening and consultation. Early efforts have been well received by community residents.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese medical students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xintong Jiang ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Mengxi Yang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Jiangli Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Chinese Medical Students ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract Background A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is the foundation of CVD prevention and treatment. This study assessed the awareness of CVD risk factors and treatment among Chinese medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 48 3 rd year medical students who had finished preclinical course of medicine and 61 4 th year medical students who had finished their rotation in Internal Medicine’s Ambulatory Medicine clerkship from Peking University. The knowledge of CVD risk factors and therapeutic strategy was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Results Only about 50% of the 4 th year students knew the target value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for diabetic patients and blood pressure for high-risk patients, while the proportions in 3 rd year students were 20.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although more than 90% students would prescribe cholesterol-lowering therapy to high-risk patients, few students knew the therapy of hypertriglyceridemia (2.1% and 27.9% of 3 rd and 4 th year students, respectively, p =0.001) or combined dyslipidemia. The awareness of their own lipid profile or blood glucose level was not as good as their blood pressure. Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve the knowledge of CVD risk factors and the details of therapeutic strategies among Chinese medical students.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Male and Female Medical Students in Qassim University – College of Medicine Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Sultan ALNohair ◽  
Nahla Babiker ◽  
Dalal Al-Ahmari ◽  
Dalal Al-Mutairi ◽  
Khozama Al-Matroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stress Scale

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality around the world. At present, almost half of the non-communicable diseases are CVDs. According to the literature review, CVD disease and the associated risk factors are high among Saudi adults. It has not been studied to determine at which age the majority of adults acquire the risk factors. We hypothesized and planned to assess CVD risk factors among medical students. AIM: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors among male and female medical students in Qassim University. METHODS: A cross-sectional study surveyed 188 males and female medical students in Qassim University. They were selected by random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a questionnaire included (age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, random blood glucose, smoking habits, physical activity, and stress scale). After the data collection, it was entered and analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: About 9.6% of male students were smokers, while there is no history of smoking among female students. About 18.2% of males were found obese, while obesity was lower among females (4.2%). The random blood glucose for males and females was within normal limits, but the measured blood pressure showed a higher percentage of elevated blood pressure among males (47.8%) in comparison to females (25.4%). Perceived stress scale exhibited that females were getting a greater percentage of high stress (34.3%), while in males, it was 14.4%. CONCLUSION: Many risk factors were greater among males, including elevated blood pressure 47.8%, obesity 18.2%, and smoking 9.6%. On the other hand, these risk factors were lower in females, but they have a higher stress scale 34.3% in comparison to males.

Integration of absolute cardiovascular disease risk assessment into routine blood cholesterol testing at pathology services

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Chapman ◽  
Ricardo Fonseca ◽  
Leigh Murfett ◽  
Kevin Beazley ◽  
Rebekah E McWhirter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Computer Based

Abstract Background Absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is recommended for primary prevention of CVD, yet uptake in general practice is limited. Cholesterol requests at pathology services provide an opportunity to improve uptake by integrating absolute CVD risk assessment with this service. Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility of such an additional service. Methods Two-hundred and ninety-nine patients (45–74 years) referred to pathology services for blood cholesterol had measurement of all variables required to determine absolute CVD risk according to Framingham calculator (blood pressure, age, sex, smoking and diabetes status via self-report). Data were recorded via computer-based application. The absolute risk score was communicated via the report sent to the referring medical practitioner as per usual practice. Evaluation questionnaires were completed immediately post visit and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up via telephone (n = 262). Results Absolute CVD risk reports were issued for 90% of patients. Most patients (95%) reported that the length of time for the pathology service assessment was acceptable, and 91% that the self-directed computer-based application was easy to use. Seventy-eight per cent reported a preference for pathology services to conduct absolute CVD risk assessment. Only 2% preferred a medical practitioner. Of follow-up patients, 202 (75%) had a consultation with a medical practitioner, during which, aspects of CVD risk prevention were discussed (cholesterol and blood pressure 74% and 69% of the time, respectively). Conclusions Measurement of absolute CVD risk in pathology services is feasible, highly acceptable among middle-to-older adults and may increase uptake of guideline-directed care in general practice.

EFFECT OF SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE ON SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN YOUNG SEDENTARY NORMOTENSIVE NEPALESE MEDICAL STUDENTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (149) ◽  
pp. 315-6
Author(s):  
Arijit Ghosh ◽  
T Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Muscular Exercise ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure

Higher exercise blood pressure represents low cardiorespiratory status of an individual and vice versa. Thechanges in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to rhythmic isotonic muscular exercise in sedentaryyoung normotensive Nepalese students were assessed. Normal blood pressure in standing posture in maleand female subjects are about 115 / 75 mm of Hg. and 106 / 71 mm of Hg. respectively. Just after the exercisesystolic blood pressure increases moderately in both the sexes, whereas diastolic blood pressure remainsunchanged in most of the females. Diastolic blood pressure is found to be decreased slightly in the males,just after exercise. The present study indicates the cardiorespiratory status of the Napalese medical studentsis within normal range.

scholarly journals Control of Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol among Adults with Diabetes: The Brazilian National Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Citton P. dos Reis ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Basic Standards

ABC (glucose, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) goals are basic standards of diabetes care. We aimed to assess ABC control and related factors in a representative sample of Brazilian adults with diabetes. We analyzed 465 adults with known diabetes in the Brazilian National Health Survey. The targets used were <7% for glycated hemoglobin (A1C); <140/90 mmHg for blood pressure; and <100 mg/dL for LDL-C, with stricter targets for the latter two for those with high cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Individual goals were attained by 46% (95% CI, 40.3–51.6%) for A1C, 51.4% (95% CI, 45.7–57.1%) for blood pressure, and 40% (95% CI, 34.5–45.6%) for LDL-C. The achievement of all three goals was attained by 12.5% (95% CI, 8.9–16.2%). Those with high CVD risk attained blood pressure and LDL-C goals less frequently. A1C control improved with increasing age and worsened with greater duration of diabetes. Achievement of at least two ABC goals decreased with increasing BMI and greater duration of diabetes. In sum, about half of those with known diabetes achieved each ABC goal and only a small fraction achieved all three goals. Better access and adherence to treatment and strategies to personalize goals according to specific priorities are of the essence.

scholarly journals Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q Wu ◽  
X Li ◽  
J.P Lu ◽  
B.W Chen ◽  
Y.C Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p&lt;0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p&lt;0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

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