scholarly journals Formation of the image of Buddhism in Russia (the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sergei Nesterkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Russian School ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Key Features

This article examines the sources of formation of the image of Buddhism in the Russian cultural environment and determine the degree of representativeness of this image. The author highlights the three main sources: 1) academic research works of the Western Schools of Buddhology (based on Pāli and Sanskrit material); 2) research conducted within the framework of the Russian School of Buddhology (based primarily on Tibetan- and Mongolian-language material); 3) research of the Orthodox Russian missionaries. It is determined that the fundamental theoretical position developed by the Anglo-Germanic School of Buddhology is the thesis on authenticity of Theravada Buddhism, which is considered as “initial”, and its other forms (such as Mahayana, Vajrayana) are considered as its later modifications that emerged under the influence of external factors. The key features of Buddhism in Buddhology imply that: 1) Buddha Shakyamuni was not a transcendent being; 2) his nirvana is understood nihilistically, as a complete cessation of the process of being; 3) Buddhism, denies the existence of soul; 4) the existence of God and the representation of the transcendent are also denied. Despite the fact that the studies of Mahayana and Vajrayana material indicated inadequacy of such assessment, these theses were reproduced over again. This is explained by the interest of significant social groups in such image of Buddhism: many Orthodox figures interpreted Buddhism as a philosophical-ethical, rather than religious system; atheistically-oriented scholars and scientifically-oriented public also supported such interpretation. The rational aspects of Buddhism, which give common grounds with science, were uncritically absolutized; Buddhism was viewed as an ally of scientific thinking, completely alien to faith.

Ukrainian community life of believers

2008 ◽  
pp. 110-134
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yuriyovych Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
The Individual

The cornerstone of any religion is its anthropological concept, which seeks to determine the essential orientations of man, to outline the ideological framework of its existence, to represent the idea of ​​its essence, purpose in earthly life. The main task of the religious system is the act of involving and subordinating man to the spiritual divine realm as the realm of the transcendental existence of God. Belief in the real presence of the latter implies a new understanding of oneself, which ultimately leads the religious individual to the desire to be involved in this transcendental existence, to have intimate relations with him, to have a consciousness inherent in God. Note that in this context, all human being is interpreted as a certain arena for this realization. Therefore, the religious life of the individual acquires the status of religious activity.

scholarly journals Introduction to the analysis of public policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Prof. univ. dr. habil. Mihaela Rus ◽  
Lect. univ. dr. Mihaela Sandu ◽  
Tanase Tasente
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Applied Approach

We can talk about public policies when a public authority - central or local - intends, with the help of a coordinated action program, to modify the economic, social, cultural environment of social actors. At national level, public policies can appear from any of the major state institutions (Parliament, President, Government, central or local authorities). The study of public policies is different from the traditional academic research, having an applied approach, oriented towards: (1) designing and developing solutions for the problems of society, (2) Interdisciplinarity, (3) Orientation towards problem solving: it does not have a purely academic character, but it is oriented towards the problems of the real world, looking for solutions for them, (4) Normativity. The general stages of this process are as follows: (1) defining the problem, (2) making the decision, (3) implementation of public policy, (4) monitoring and evaluation of public policy.

scholarly journals At the boundaries of linguistic convergence: Variation in presentational haber / haver-hi

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-68
Author(s):  
José Luis Blas Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Structural Conflict

Abstract In this paper, we focus on an eventual convergence outcome (the pluralization of presentational haber/haver-hi) in the grammar of two Romance languages, Spanish and Catalan, which have been living side-by-side for centuries in Eastern Spain. Taking into account the sociolinguistic comparative method and on the basis of several representative corpora of the two languages in contact, the data from this research offer evidence that points to a notable congruence between the underlying grammars of both languages, which would, at least partially, account for a similar diffusion of these vernacular pluralizations. Moreover, some of the few cases of disagreement found can be explained on the basis of both internal (such as the existence of points of structural conflict in some verbal paradigms) and external factors (such as hypercorrection), which certain social groups particularly sensitive to normative pressure are more receptive to.

scholarly journals Al-Ghazālī and Descartes on Defeating Skepticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Saja Parvizian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Key Features

Commentators have noticed the striking similarities between the skep­tical arguments of al-Ghazālī’s Deliverance from Error and Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. However, commentators agree that their solutions to skepticism are radically different. Al-Ghazālī does not use rational proofs to defeat skepticism; rather, he relies on a supernatural light [nūr] sent by God to rescue him from skepticism. Descartes, on the other hand, relies on the natural light of reason [lumen naturale] to prove the existence of God, mind, and body. In this paper, I argue that Descartes’ solution is closer to al-Ghazālī’s than commentators have allowed. A close reading of the cosmological argument of the Third Meditation reveals that there is also a type of divine intervention em­ployed in the Meditations, which helps Descartes defeat skepticism. This reading may buttress the case made by some that al-Ghazālī influenced Descartes; but more importantly, it requires us to rethink key features of Descartes’ epistemology.

scholarly journals Relationships Between External Factors and University Students' Attitudes towards Academic Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiying Yang ◽  
Leah Li Echiverri ◽  
Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Faculty Support ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Students Attitudes

Research is an important part of an academic career, yet it is not always frequently practiced by most students. This descriptive-correlational research aimed to find out the external factors that influence students’ attitudes toward research. We sampled 201 undergraduates at Wenzhou-Kean University and analyzed their responses to the questionnaire in order to determine the relationship between possible factors and their attitudes. The results revealed that the external factor of the training environment has a moderate positive influence on research attitude, while support from the university has a strong positive influence on research attitude. Specifically, factors of faculty support, curriculum design, on-campus academic activities, library service, and financial support all moderately influence students’ attitudes towards research in a positive way. The most salient influential factor of all is faculty support. The results suggested that to improve students’ attitudes towards research, sufficient support is vital, especially academic and financial support. Therefore, to externally encourage students to conduct academic research, faculty and university could give more consideration to support provision.

scholarly journals Influence of the Socio-Cultural Environment and External Factors in Following Plant-Based Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9093
Author(s):  
Ujué Fresán ◽  
Sofie Errendal ◽  
Winston J. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Different Populations

A general transition to plant-based diets is recommended for improved human and planetary health. The information about why people opt for plant-based diets can be used to profile future health promotion initiatives. We studied the reasons that encouraged the adoption and maintenance of plant-based diets and the influence of the socio-cultural environment and other external factors. Through the use of a specifically designed questionnaire, we evaluated two different populations. Interpreting data from 229 participants, we observed the relevance of adapting strategies to motivate people to embrace plant-based diets according to their socio-cultural environment. External factors facilitating access to plant-based products appeared to be essential in both populations.

scholarly journals The History of Russian Qur’аn Translations (19th Century — Middle 20th Century)

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian School ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

This article is devoted to the history of the tradition of translations of the Qur’an into Russian from the nineteenth century to the translation by I. Yu. Krachkovsky. The article examines the background to the creation of these translations, their key features and their importance for the development of the Russian tradition of translation and interpretation of the Qur’an. Particular attention is paid to the importance of studying these translations of the Qur’an into Russian in the context of the development of the Russian tradition of Qur’anic interpretation and the Russian school of Islamic studies. The purpose of this study is also to attract Russian and foreign Islamologists and Qur’anologists to a thorough study of the heritage of the Russian tradition of Qur’anic translation and to consider the prospects of its development in the twenty- fi rst century.

scholarly journals REHABILITATION ENVIRONMENT FOR THE DISABLED: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT IN SOCIOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Milana I. Grigoreva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Rehabilitation Potential ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Different Levels

The article discusses the research approaches applied in sociology and the ideas of authors from other fields of scientific knowledge with regard to the problem of people with disabilities and understanding of the essence of the rehabilitation environment for them. The humanization of modern society, its orientation towards the development and activation of weakly protected social groups, traditionally considered discriminated, requires, in this regard, a rethinking of scientific approaches to the problem of the disabled and the creation of full-fledged living conditions for their functioning, including the possibility of timely reception of social services and rehabilitation technologies within the framework of rehabilitation environment. The practical absence of the concept of «rehabilitation environment for a disabled person» in modern sociological science enables us to conduct an appropriate analysis and substantiate the essence of this category based on the structural-functional, institutional, systemic, constructivist, phenomenological, and other approaches. Following the results of this analysis, we present the levels and structure of the rehabilitation environment for people with disabilities, formulate its main functions and principles, and also determine the internal and external factors that influence its functioning. We conclude that the rehabilitation environment for a disabled person is the interaction of various forms of social and rehabilitation relations based on the presence of special conditions and resources for the implementation of vital needs and rehabilitation requests focused on the actualization of the rehabilitation potential, on a decent quality of life. The main elements of the rehabilitation environment are rehabilitation institutions at different levels of management (macro-, meso-, microlevel) with clearly expressed functions of subject-object regulation, etc.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa MTs Al Mubarok Bandar Mataram Lampung Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Arianto Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Internal Factors

Behavior change is one that can be seen is student achievement is the result or level of ability that has been achieved by students after following the teaching and learning process in a certain time either in the form of behavioral changes, skills and knowledge and then will be measured and assessed which then manifested in the numbers or statements.The learning process and its results can only be observed from changes in different behaviors that were previously in a person in terms of knowledge, affective and psychomotor. Broadly speaking, the learning process is influenced by duafaktor, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include physiological factors, ie student body and psychological factors, ie students' intelligence or intelligence, motivation, interests, attitudes, talents. External factors include the natural environment and the socio-cultural environment, while the non-social or instrumental environment, ie the curriculum, the program, the learning facilities, the teacher.

What Structural Injustice Is

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-115
Author(s):  
Madison Powers
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Structural Theories

This chapter examines what makes a theory of justice a structural theory. Four key features of structural theories are surveyed in order to show what is distinctive about our theory. First, structural theories differ in their inventory of unjust impacts traceable to structural influences. Second, they vary in their understanding of the primary structural components having the relevant impact. Third, they diverge in the social groups selected for special scrutiny. Fourth, they differ in background assumptions regarding the circumstances to which they apply. Our theory applies to social arrangements that have a profound, pervasive, asymmetric, and near-inescapable impact on core elements of well-being of social groups. Social groups are defined by their relative position within the nexus of power and advantage. This nexus occurs in circumstances involving identifiable agents of injustice whose wrongful conduct is manifested in their roles in creating or sustaining injustices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document