The impact of environment and antimicrobial agents on the growth response of early-weaned pigs to spray-dried porcine plasma.

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Coffey ◽  
G L Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Efflux Pump and Quorum-Sensing Genes in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Fatma Y. Ahmed ◽  
Usama Farghaly Aly ◽  
Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky ◽  
Nancy G. F. M. Waly
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
The Impact

Most of the infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains are extremely difficult to be treated with conventional antibiotics. Biofilm formation and efflux pumps are recognized as the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms in MDR P. aeruginosa. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa depends mainly on the cell-to-cell communication quorum-sensing (QS) systems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) have been used as antimicrobial agents against several microorganisms but have not been reported as an anti-QS agent. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) on QS and efflux pump genes expression in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 25 P. aeruginosa isolates were performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) were prepared by the sol gel method and characterized by different techniques (DLS, HR-TEM, XRD, and FTIR). The expression of efflux pumps in the MDR isolates was detected by the determination of MICs of different antibiotics in the presence and absence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Biofilm formation and the antibiofilm activity of TDN were determined using the tissue culture plate method. The effects of TDN on the expression of QS genes and efflux pump genes were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The average size of the TDNs was 64.77 nm. It was found that TDN showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation (96%) and represented superior antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strains in comparison to titanium dioxide powder. In addition, the use of TDN alone or in combination with antibiotics resulted in significant downregulation of the efflux pump genes (MexY, MexB, MexA) and QS-regulated genes (lasR, lasI, rhll, rhlR, pqsA, pqsR) in comparison to the untreated isolate. TDN can increase the therapeutic efficacy of traditional antibiotics by affecting efflux pump expression and quorum-sensing genes controlling biofilm production.

Understanding the Impact of Protein–Excipient Interactions on Physical Stability of Spray-Dried Protein Solids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Jing Ling ◽  
Mingyue Li ◽  
Yongchao Su ◽  
Kinnari Santosh Arte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Excipient Interactions

scholarly journals BrpA Is Involved in Regulation of Cell Envelope Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2914-2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bitoun ◽  
S. Liao ◽  
X. Yao ◽  
S.-J. Ahn ◽  
R. Isoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lipid Ii ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that BrpA plays a major role in acid and oxidative stress tolerance and biofilm formation byStreptococcus mutans. Mutant strains lacking BrpA also display increased autolysis and decreased viability, suggesting a role for BrpA in cell envelope integrity. In this study, we examined the impact of BrpA deficiency on cell envelope stresses induced by envelope-active antimicrobials. Compared to the wild-type strain UA159, the BrpA-deficient mutant (TW14D) was significantly more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, especially lipid II inhibitors. Several genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis were identified by DNA microarray analysis as downregulated in TW14D. Luciferase reporter gene fusion assays also revealed that expression ofbrpAis regulated in response to environmental conditions and stresses induced by exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of cell envelope antimicrobials. In aGalleria mellonella(wax worm) model, BrpA deficiency was shown to diminish the virulence ofS. mutansOMZ175, which, unlikeS. mutansUA159, efficiently kills the worms. Collectively, these results suggest that BrpA plays a role in the regulation of cell envelope integrity and that deficiency of BrpA adversely affects the fitness and diminishes the virulence of OMZ175, a highly invasive strain ofS. mutans.

scholarly journals In VivoEfficacy of Anuran Trypsin Inhibitory Peptides against Staphylococcal Skin Infection and the Impact of Peptide Cyclization

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 2113-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Malik ◽  
O. N. Silva ◽  
I. C. M. Fensterseifer ◽  
L. Y. Chan ◽  
R. J. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a virulent pathogen that is responsible for a wide range of superficial and invasive infections. Its resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs is a global problem, and the development of novel antimicrobial agents is crucial. Antimicrobial peptides from natural resources offer potential as new treatments against staphylococcal infections. In the current study, we have examined the antimicrobial properties of peptides isolated from anuran skin secretions and cyclized synthetic analogues of these peptides. The structures of the peptides were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, revealing high structural and sequence similarity with each other and with sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1). SFTI-1 is an ultrastable cyclic peptide isolated from sunflower seeds that has subnanomolar trypsin inhibitory activity, and this scaffold offers pharmaceutically relevant characteristics. The five anuran peptides were nonhemolytic and noncytotoxic and had trypsin inhibitory activities similar to that of SFTI-1. They demonstrated weakin vitroinhibitory activities againstS. aureus, but several had strong antibacterial activities againstS. aureusin anin vivomurine wound infection model. pYR, an immunomodulatory peptide fromRana sevosa, was the most potent, with complete bacterial clearance at 3 mg · kg−1. Cyclization of the peptides improved their stability but was associated with a concomitant decrease in antimicrobial activity. In summary, these anuran peptides are promising as novel therapeutic agents for treating infections from a clinically resistant pathogen.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antimicrobial Drugs Tylocolinum, Tetragold and Cidisept-o on Escherichia coli Ultrastructure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
A. G. Shakhov ◽  
D. V. Fedosov ◽  
L. Y. Sashnina ◽  
O. V. Kazimirov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
The Impact

<p>As a result of wide antibiotics, sulfonamides and other antimicrobial agents usage for the therapy of the animals with the bacterial infections caused by various causative agents including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, many microorganisms gained resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. New combined drugs are being worked out during recent years, the components of which have various influence mechanisms on the bacterial cell that helps to provide resistance forming control. The results of the researches of the new antimicrobial agents, containing antibiotics in their composition, and non-antibiotic agent influence on the ultrastructure of <em>Escherichia coli</em> are represented in this study.</p> <p>5-hour <em>Escherichia coli 866</em> culture was processed by the drugs of the minimum bactericidal (Tylocolinum-0.39 µg/ml, Tetragold-6.25 µg/ml, Cidisept-o-25 µg/ml) and 4-time concentrations during 3 hours. Samples and control culture (without drugs) were fixed by the 2.5% glutaricdialdehyde on the s-Collidine Buffer, dehydrated in the ethanol with rising concentration, filled in epoxies. Ultrathin slices were stained by 2% water solution of uranyl acetate and lead citrate for 10 minutes. Then they were examined with the use of the electron microscope JEM-100 CX II by JEOL.</p> <p>The research showed deep ultrastructural changes in <em>Escherichia coli</em> cells under the antimicrobial agent influence determined by synergistic effect of combined Tylocolinum and Tetragold drugs components, possessing various bacteria influencing mechanisms, and aldehyde that is a component of Cidisept-o.</p> The electron microscopy usage allows to get unique information about the impact consequences of the traditional improved drugs and new drugs with antimicrobial activity on the bacterial infectious agents.

scholarly journals Freeze versus Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Jovanović ◽  
Steva M. Lević ◽  
Vladimir B. Pavlovic ◽  
Smilja B. Markovic ◽  
Rada V. Pjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drug in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration, heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53-75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation distinguished from others by higher content of polyphenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process affected mainly position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray dried formulations compared to freeze dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151-223 &micro;m) compared to small microspheres (~8 &micro;m) in spray-dried powder.

Response of weaned pigs to diets containing spray dried plasma protein and spray dried blood cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
E. Weaver ◽  
L. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spray Dried

Spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) has been used as a replacement for expensive milk based ingredients in starter diets in the US over the past few years. The objective of this trial was to assess dried blood products as a replacement for dried milk products and fish meal in diets fed to pigs for four weeks after weaning.Thirty six mixed sex groups of 16 pigs, weaned at 22-28 days of age and weighing 7.6 (s.e. 0.1) kg, were used in this trial in a factorial design of two starter diets (control and 10% SDPP (AP920) - American Protein Corp., Ames, Iowa) for 14 days from weaning, followed by two link diets (control and 2.5% spray dried blood cells - SDBC (AP301)) for 12 days. Composition of diets is shown in Table 1. All pigs received a common weaner diet from day 26 to day 49 (34 kg liveweight approx).

scholarly journals 289 Effects of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in post-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Danyel Bueno Dalto ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Yan Martel-Kennes ◽  
Guylaine Talbot ◽  
Martin Lessard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) homeostasis in post-weaned pigs. One hundred twenty piglets were selected at d14 of age (5.65 ± 0.68 kg). At weaning (d21), they were fed a basal post-weaning diet (without antibiotics) supplemented (n = 40/treatment) with 100 mg/kg (low; LZn), 1000 mg/kg (medium; MZn) or 3000 mg/kg (high; HZn) of ZnO until d42. Dietary levels of Cu (130 mg/kg) and Fe (260 mg/kg) remained constant throughout the experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed at d21, d23, d35, and d42 of age (n = 10/treatment/d) for samples collection. Serum concentrations and total liver content of Zn and Cu were not different among treatments on d21 and d23 (P ≥ 0.10). For Zn, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P &lt; 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Zn content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for HZn, intermediary for MZn, and lowest for LZn irrespective of ages in the two periods. For Cu, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P &lt; 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Cu content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for LZn and MZn and lowest for HZn irrespective of ages. For Fe, no treatment effect was detected either on whole blood Fe concentrations (P = 0.81) or hemoglobin levels (P = 0.76). However, for total Fe content in liver, treatment effects were detected (P &lt; 0.01). Values were greatest for LZn and lowest for HZn at d35 and d42 whereas for MZn they were intermediary at d35 and similar to LZn at d42 (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, supranutritional levels of dietary ZnO fed to piglets during 3 weeks post-weaning significantly impacted Zn, Cu, and Fe homeostasis. These results emphasise the potential risk of Cu deficiency as well as impairment in building body Fe reserves under long-term supranutritional supplementation of ZnO.

scholarly journals Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Griseofulvin in HPC/Soluplus/SDS: Elucidating the Multifaceted Impact of SDS as a Minor Component

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Stephanie Ahmad ◽  
James Tarabokija ◽  
Nathaniel Parker ◽  
Ecevit Bilgili
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersions ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

This study aimed to elucidate the impact of a common anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), along with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Soluplus (Sol) on the release of griseofulvin (GF), a poorly soluble drug, from amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Solutions of 2.5% GF and 2.5%–12.5% HPC/Sol with 0.125% SDS/without SDS were prepared in acetone–water and spray-dried. The solid-state characterization of the ASDs suggests that GF–Sol had better miscibility and stronger interactions than GF–HPC and formed XRPD-amorphous GF, whereas HPC-based ASDs, especially the ones with a lower HPC loading, had crystalline GF. The dissolution tests show that without SDS, ASDs provided limited GF supersaturation (max. 250%) due to poor wettability of Sol-based ASDs and extensive GF recrystallization in HPC-based ASDs (max. 50%). Sol-based ASDs with SDS exhibited a dramatic increase in supersaturation (max. 570%), especially at a higher Sol loading, whereas HPC-based ASDs with SDS did not. SDS did not interfere with Sol’s ability to inhibit GF recrystallization, as confirmed by the precipitation from the supersaturated state and PLM imaging. The favorable use of SDS in a ternary ASD was attributed to both the wettability enhancement and its inability to promote GF recrystallization when used as a minor component along with Sol.

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