003 Relationship between allogrooming and disease in feedlot steers: Social interactions may provide information about individual animal health

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
L. Hoonhout ◽  
I. Reimert ◽  
C. L. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Iceberg diseases in uk goats

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
David Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Ruminant Species

Iceberg diseases are recognised across ruminant species, and their impact on individual animal health and welfare, and their economic impact at herd or flock level should not be underestimated. This group of diseases are characterised by the variety of stages of infection present when disease is established from clinically obvious cases (the ‘tip’ of the iceberg) through differing stages of early clinical disease to those infected yet clinically healthy. This article will explore iceberg diseases that can be identified in goats whether kept for profit, hobby, or pleasure.

scholarly journals 291 Influence of feeding amino acid complexes of zinc and copper on growth performance and carcass response of finishing steers fed ractopamine hydrochloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
Chanda Engel ◽  
Gary Tibbetts ◽  
Mark Branine
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Eden Prairie

Abstract A 42-d research study evaluated effects of feeding beef steers increasing levels of dietary Zn from Zn methionine (AAC-Zn; ZINPRO, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) with or without supplemental Cu from Cu amino acid complex (AAC-Cu; Availa Cu, Zinpro Corp.) concurrently with ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). One hundred-twenty steers (mean BW = 624 kg), ≤ 50 d from projected harvest were randomized to three pens (40 steers/pen) equipped with GrowSafe Systems (Calgary AB, Canada) feed bunk technology. Each pen was assigned to one of three treatment diets: 1) basal finishing diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (CON); 2) basal finishing diet + 90 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (AAC-Zn90); or 3) AAC-Zn90 diet + 10 mg Cu/kg DM from AAC-Cu (AAC-Zn/Cu). Following allocation to treatments, cattle were acclimated to pen cohorts and GrowSafe feed bunks for 7 days. All steers were fed 300 mg RAC∙hd-1∙d-1 starting 35 d prior to harvest. Individual feed intake measurements began with RAC feeding and continued for 35 d until cattle were shipped for harvest. Carcass data were collected from each steer. Data were analyzed with individual animal as the experimental unit using PROC MIXED and PROC GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Numerically AAC-Zn90 fed cattle had heavier carcass weights than CON and AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had greater (P = 0.02) marbling scores compared to AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had lower backfat thickness (P = 0.02) and numerically greater marbling scores compared to CON. A biphasic program of feeding a lower level of AAC-Zn for the duration of the finishing phase followed by an increased rate of AAC-Zn during RAC feeding may optimize overall live and carcass response and improve total individual animal value.

scholarly journals Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2471-2488
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.

scholarly journals 117 Effects of feeding a Bacillus Subtilus active microbial on the clinical health, performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Blake K Wilson ◽  
Will Ryan ◽  
Elizabeth DeSocio ◽  
Caleb Lockard ◽  
Jerilyn Hergenreder
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Bacillus Subtilus ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract Cross-bred steers (n = 397; initial BW = 247 ± 21 kg) from a single ranch were used to determine the effects of supplementing a Bacillus subtilus direct-fed microbial (DFM; CLOSTAT, Kemin Animal Health, Des Moines, IA) at a rate of 13 g ∙ steer−1 ∙ d−1 on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and clinical health during receiving and finishing. Steers were randomly assigned to pens by BW and pens were pairwise assigned 1 of 2 experimental treatments, control (CON) or DFM. Steers were housed in 12.2 x 30.5 m soil surfaced pens, and pen served as the experimental unit. There were no differences during the receiving period for overall BW (P = 0.97), ADG (P = 0.91), DMI (P = 0.77), or G: F (P = 0.79). There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for the DFM fed steers to be 14% more efficient from d 0 to 14 of the receiving period. There were also no differences in final BW (P = 0.40) or overall DMI (P = 0.46) during finishing, but there was a difference in ADG (P = 0.03) from d 29 to 56 of the finishing period where steers supplemented with DFM had greater ADG. The DFM supplemented steers also tended to be more efficient overall during finishing and for the entirety of the experiment (P = 0.07 and P = 0.08, respectively). There were no differences in carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.31) between the experimental treatments. While limited research has been conducted examining the effects of Bacillus subtilis on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and the clinical health of growing and finishing steers, the results of this experiment suggest that the supplementation of a strain Bacillus subtilis at a rate of 13 g ∙ steer−1 ∙ d−1 may improve feed efficiency

scholarly journals 377 Validation and improvement of a monitoring system overtime and its overall capabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Tracy D Jennings ◽  
Jason Nickell
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
End User ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Animal Monitoring

Abstract Automated animal monitoring is a growing segment in animal agriculture. These technologies capture biometric data from numerous parameters such as facial recognition, rumination, body temperature, and animal movement. The goal of automated animal monitoring technologies is to provide a 24 h perspective on an individual animal. These devices can offer valuable information pertaining to animal health, location, locomotion, animal behavior, phenotypic traits, and reproductive cycles. Devices collect data in various forms, such as counting steps, G.P.S. coordinates, triangulation, or XYZ coordinates. Raw data (e.g. step counts, XYZ coordinates) are then analyzed with proprietary algorithms to provide information in a usable format to the consumer. However, the development of these algorithms require thousands of hours of observation. For example, thorough visual observation of individual animal behaviors (e.g. rumination and eating time) can be identified based upon accelerometer movement. However, these calculated behaviors must then be validated through observation to optimize accuracy. Accelerometer-based devices are common in the dairy industry and growing in popularity in the beef industry for monitoring health and detecting estrus. Twenty-four-hour observation provides livestock producers greater insight than does once or twice daily observations. However, the usefulness or reliability of a technology requires evaluation of outcomes based on sensitivity and specificity of the test. The choice to optimize sensitivity or specificity is dependent on the desired outcome of the end user. For example, by increasing sensitivity in an animal health monitoring system, more truly ill animals will be identified, but more false positives will be generated, resulting in more animal treatments and elevated treatments costs. Conversely, increasing specificity, sick animals will be missed, but treatment costs will be reduced. Ultimately, developing an automated animal monitoring system that meets consumer expectation is the goal; however, information interpretation and evaluation will still be necessary by the end user.

scholarly journals 186 Hormone content of anabolic implants differentially affects plasma and liver trace mineral concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Caleb C Reichhardt ◽  
Kara J Thornton ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Abstract Forty-eight commercial Angus steers (327 ± 25 kg) were utilized to determine effects of varying implant hormone composition on liver and plasma trace mineral concentrations. Implant (IMP) treatments (n = 12/treatment) included: no implant (CON), estradiol (E2; Compudose; 25.7 mg estradiol; Elanco Animal Health; Greenfield, IN), trenbolone acetate (TBA; Finaplix H; 200 mg trenbolone acetate; Merck Animal Health; Madison, NJ), and a combination of estradiol and trenbolone acetate (ETBA Revalor-S; 24 mg estradiol + 120 mg trenbolone acetate; Merck Animal Health). Cattle were fed forage-based step up rations throughout the sampling period. Plasma samples were collected on d 0, 2, 10 and 30, with liver biopsies collected on d 2 and 10. Data were analyzed with ProcMixed of SAS with fixed effect of IMP. Contrast statements for each treatment vs CON were developed. Plasma trace mineral analysis utilized repeated measures (repeated effect = day). No IMP × Day effects (P ≥ 0.18) on plasma trace mineral were observed. Day 2 liver Zn and Cu and d 10 liver Mn were lesser (P ≤ 0.04) for TBA implanted steers than CON and d 2 liver Mn tended to be lesser (P = 0.06). The Mn response may reflect changes in protein metabolism due to TBA. However, E2 and ETBA tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.07) d 10 liver Fe concentrations than CON while plasma Fe was unaffected (P ≥ 0.75) by E2, TBA, or ETBA. Both d 2 liver and plasma Zn were lesser for ETBA than CON (P ≤ 0.04) likely driven by the TBA in the implant. Implant contrasts did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other plasma or liver trace mineral concentrations. These data indicate implant strategies, and thus hormones differentially influence trace mineral metabolism in feedlot steers, which may have implications for diet formulation.

Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Market Weight Hogs in the United States†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE V. WESLEY ◽  
SAUMYA BHADURI ◽  
ERIC BUSH
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
On Farm

Pigs are the major animal reservoir for Yersinia enterocolitica strains, which are potentially pathogenic for humans. The goals of this study were (i) to estimate the individual animal and on-farm prevalences of Y. enterocolitica in hogs based on tonsil samples collected during National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2002 study and (ii) to use these data with data previously published for fecal samples to determine on-farm risk factors for Y. enterocolitica. Tonsil swabs (1,218) and fecal samples (2,847) were collected on 124 farms located in the top 17 pork-producing states. Ten percent of tonsils (122 of 1,218 samples) were positive in irgasan-tiracillin-chlorate (ITC) enrichment broth by real-time PCR, but only 5.6% of samples (68 of 1,218) were positive after subculture on the more selective cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar. For tonsils, the on-farm prevalence based on real-time PCR detection of the ail gene in ITC enrichment broth cultures was 32% (32 of 100 premises sampled); the prevalence based on subculture in CIN agar was 19.6% (20 of 102 premises). Results of bacteriological isolation and real-time PCR analysis of tonsils and feces were combined to estimate prevalence (individual animal and farm), which was subsequently correlated with 40 farm management practices. Four factors and their accompanying odds ratios (ORs) were identified in the final regression model: location in a central state (OR =0.3), vaccination for Escherichia coli (OR = 3.0), percentage of deaths due to scours (OR = 3.5), and presence of meat or bone meal in grower-finisher diet (OR = 4.1).

scholarly journals Network mapping in the development of elephant conservation center in North Sumatra, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rospita Odorlina P Situmorang ◽  
Wanda Kuswanda
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Planning Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Network Mapping ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract. Situmorang ROP, Kuswanda W. 2019. Network mapping in the development of elephant conservation center in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2858-2867. A project in the Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) is being carried out to conserve Sumatran elephant handled by several institutions within the Ministry of Environmental and Forestry of Republic of Indonesia and other supporting stakeholders. A social networking analysis (SNA) had been carried out to analyze the social interactions of the stakeholders in the development of the ANECC. This research aimed at finding out the important actors in the network and describing at the social network gap in the development of ANECC objectives as conservation, and research, and ecotourism center. From the research, we found four institutions engaged in conservation, research, and animal health surveillance as the core actors and 19 other institutions as the periphery actors consisting of authorities, local government, businessmen, and local people. The study also found that the Environmental and Forestry Research and Development Institute Aek Nauli is the most influential actor in the network, and the National Planning Agency and Girsang Sipanganbolon Sub-district as the bridging actors who connect the supporting actors to the core actors. Conservation aspect is the most communicated in the network, followed by ecotourism, and research. Our research also found that conservation and research aspects have been handled by the appropriate institutions, however, ecotourism has not been handled by certain agencies responsible for the development of ecotourism. Hence, the study suggests that the core actors can consider binding cooperation with potential entrepreneurs on tourism around the site to develop ecotourism sector in ANECC. 

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