scholarly journals Preparation and Investigation of the Effect of Polyherbal Syrup Formulation on Brain Enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Purushothaman M ◽  
Madhusudhan M ◽  
Kathiravan P ◽  
Sravanthi CH ◽  
Srikanth Choudary P
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The People ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Protective Enzymes ◽  
The Brain

Convulsions and seizures are the major neurological conditions that are the symptoms of brain diseases like brain stroke, aneurysm and other oxidative brain damage. This affects most of the people in the world as a symptom of other diseases and as a disorder on its own. Herbs are found to be the alternatives of the synthetic drugs that cause the side effects and are common in synthetic drugs as discussed above. So herbal extracts are safe and potent and do not contain or contain a very less amount of side effects. So, they can be used effectively in treating many conditions, including epilepsy. Most of the herbs show their potency by exhibiting the antioxidant activity. Since the oxidative free radicals that are generated in the brain are the cause of disturbance in the protective enzymes in the brain, the estimation of the protective enzymes in the brain during epilepsy. This work was carried out to prepare an effective polyherbal syrup to treat epilepsy effectively. The formulation was tested in 2 doses of 100 and 200mg, and they are also investigated for the activity to normal the enzymes that are in the brain, which help to fight the free radicals. From this, it can be advocated that the herbs in the syrup helped the formulation's antioxidant activity to attribute to the anti-epileptic activity in experimental animals.

Effect of anti-epileptic profile of jatamansi on the brain enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Naveen B ◽  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Anil Kumar A ◽  
Abhilash G
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The People ◽  
Nardostachys Jatamansi ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Seizures are an important and most common disease that affects the human body and are also caused to other neurological manifestations. Most of the people affected in the world currently are middle-aged and are suffering from many brain diseases. 50million people are affected due to epilepsy and convulsions around the world. There are many drugs that helpful and potent against epilepsy. As discussed, they have side effects, and the only solution to avoid those effects is the investigation of herbal sources for their anti-epileptic activity. One of those potent herbs is Nardostachys jatamansi. It was investigated and proved for its anti-epileptic property. The current research was planned to compare the effects of different extracts on the anti-epileptic property. In the process, double distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone were used as an extraction medium, and the extracts were tested for its property. Out of all the extracts, aqueous and methanol extracts showed a better activity compared with other extracts and standard drug, Diazepam.

scholarly journals Neurological Diseases in Relation to the Blood–Brain Barrier

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has an important part in cellular damage in neurological diseases, including acute and chronic cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and brain infections. The neurovascular unit (NVU) forms the interface between the blood and brain tissues. During an injury, the cascade of molecular events ends in the final common pathway for BBB disruption by free radicals and proteases, which attack membranes and degrade the tight junction proteins in endothelial cells. Free radicals of oxygen and nitrogen and the proteases, matrix metalloproteinases and cyclooxgyenases, are important in the early and delayed BBB disruption as the neuroinflammatory response progresses. Opening of the BBB occurs in neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to the cognitive changes. In addition to the importance of the NVU in acute injury, angiogenesis contributes to the recovery process. The challenges to treatment of the brain diseases involve not only facilitating drug entry into the brain, but also understanding the timing of the molecular cascades to block the early NVU injury without interfering with recovery. This review will describe the molecular and cellular events associated with NVU disruption and potential strategies directed toward restoring its integrity.

scholarly journals Comparision of antiepileptic property of various parts of datura

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar A ◽  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Naveen B ◽  
Abhilash G
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Hydantoin Derivatives ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts

Epilepsy is the most common of the neurological conditions that are widely affecting most of the population around the world. It is a condition on its own and a symptom of other neurological conditions too. It affects almost one per cent of the human population. Many synthetic drugs are produced to treat epilepsy effectively in various mechanisms. Few of them are Barbiturates like phenobarbitone and barbital sodium, hydantoin derivatives like Phenytoin, Sedatives and azepam derivatives like Diazepam etc. Many drugs treat epilepsy but are not devoid of side effects as discussed. So herbs are supporting the system of medicine to treat epilepsy but don't have side effects and adverse effects. There are a lot of herbs that are used to treat the disease on among them is Datura stromonium. In this work, the comparison between the antiepileptic property of the different parts of Datura was investigated, which included Flowers, Leaves, Stems and Fruits. The activity was investigated in electrical shock method to induce epilepsy. The brain enzymes were used as estimating parameters. Overall, the flowers showed very less activity compared to stems followed by fruits, and leaves of the plant Datura stramonium showed the highest activity.

Underlying antioxidant activity in the anticonvulsant potency of polyherbal tonic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Protective Enzymes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Human Nervous System

Convulsions are the commonest of the symptoms that prevail in the most of the diseases that affect the human nervous system. Almost 1% of the world’s population now suffer from epilepsy as a long-term disease and had been on medication for an extended period of time. There are many investigations and theories advocating that the elevated enzyme activity in the brain and their inability to protect the brain from the free radical generation and normalization will lead to convulsions and seizures. There were investigations that the free radicals were counter acted by the protective enzymes in the brain there by preventing the convulsions. So with this assertion, the enzyme levels of the brain are an indicative for the estimation of the antioxidant extent and there by convulsant activity in the brain. In the current work, the prepared polyherbal tonic was investigated for the antioxidant activity by giving special emphasis to the antiepileptic activity of the herbs used in the tonic. The results proved that the prepared tonic was effective in normalizing the altered levels of enzymes and thereby proving that the antioxidant potency of the herbs helped in displayed the antiepileptic activity too. the tonic was effective at higher dose compared to low dose which shows a dose based antiepileptic activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fluoride-Induced Neuro Degenerative Defences in Cyclea Peltata Lam Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 8034-8041
Author(s):  
Rajkumar S ◽  
Sambathkumar R ◽  
Gomathi Swaminathan ◽  
Vijayabaskaran M ◽  
Kannan C
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

Many diseases have become easier to diagnose and treat as a result of advancements in medical science and technology, but strokes, which have multiple etiologies and mechanisms, continue to be difficult to treat. Synthetic drugs are notorious for causing a slew of unavoidable side effects. Herbal drugs have a wide range of mechanisms of action and are typically free of side effects, making them excellent alternatives to synthetic drugs for stroke treatment. Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook f. Thoms roots were studied for their neuroprotective properties against fluoride-induced neurodegeneration in rats. The rat brain homogenate was investigated for the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like norepinephrine and serotonin to analyse the health of the brain. Both the hormones norepinephrine and serotonin levels were restored due to the treatment with ethanol extract of the plant. The antioxidant enzyme levels like SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx in the rat brain were estimated, and the results were similar to the non-enzymatic levels. The elevation of antioxidant enzymes indicates that the extract had an antioxidant mechanism that is responsible to help in the prevention of neurodegeneration of rats. In the brain tissues treated with Cyclea peltata extract, there was a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes and a reduction in lipid peroxidation, confirming the antioxidant mechanisms responsible for stroke prevention in extract-treated groups. The root extract of Cyclea peltata was found to show a reasonable inhibitory effect on neurodegeneration when delivered at a dose of 200mg/kg.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Cassia Auriculata against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-601
Author(s):  
Jenila Jose Jancy V ◽  
Kalaichelvan V ◽  
Balakrishnan N
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
The People ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Natural Drugs

In previous decade the herbal drugs have been investigated for their medicinal properties for the natural therapy. About half of the people around the world, even in the developed countries had been using the medicinal plants and natural drugs as treatment of diseases. In this regard the herbs should also be investigated for their pharmacological properties, safety concerns and efficacy too. In the present investigation, we have believed medicine and inhibiting potential effects of extract of C. auriculata was investigated for the hepatoprotective activity. This study facilitated to rediscover the new ancient medication for the treatment of liver diseases. The plant C.auriculata  showed very good activity in terms of the hepatoprotective nature against the liver injury by chornic use of drugs which is due to the anti-inflammatory properties added to the antioxidant activity of the herbs. These were to prevent the CCl4 induced free radicals and damage. The formation of cellular damage and free radicals was inhibited. The data that we procured from the investigation shows that the antioxidant activity of the plant in both extracts of plant helped for the activity. It may contain large amounts of the phenols and flavonoids that showed free radial scavenging activity which might be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity also. 

Effect of antioxidant activity of basella on convulsions mediated enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Deepa N ◽  
Madhivadhani K ◽  
Sanjai Prakash B ◽  
Vignesh R ◽  
Bharath S
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Standard Formulation ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Grand Mal ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain

Seizures and epilepsy are inter-related conditions that are often seen in the patients with neurological conditions. In general there are various types of epilepsies like the grand mal, petit mal and clonic tonic types. Typically epilepsies are caused due to the oxidative free radicals that are generated in the brain. There are numerous investigations and researches that are carried out in this field to prove that the oxidative stress and free radicals are the primary etiology for the brain damage and epilepsy. The epilepsy and seizures are often evaluated with the elevation or variations in the brain enzymes. Herbs are few of those drugs that contain rich antioxidants and chemicals. There had been numerous investigations that were performed to prove the activities. They also contain chemicals like Vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. that posess the activity on brain. In this study, formulations were prepared using the extracts of Basella alba, Bacopa moneira. The effect of these formulations on the antioxidant levels in the brain are estimated and compared to the standard formulation Saraswathiaristam formulation. The formulations showed a better activity compared to the standard ayurvedic formulation. The prevention of tissue damage was estimated by determining the antioxidant enzyme levels.

scholarly journals Influence of the Volume of the Ischemic Origin on Clinical Outcomes of the Brain Stroke

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Z. A. Akbarkhodjaeva ◽  
G. S. Rakhimbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Brain

In this article authors discussed about the influence of volume of the ischemic origin on clinical outcomes in patients with stroke. Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the main cause of death among cardiovascular and brain diseases. The study is dedicated to learn the relationship of the dynamics of the volume of the ischemic focus with clinical outcome of stroke. For this study, 125 patients were examined and analyzed. MRI of the brain in acute period of ischemic stroke in 78% of patients were assessed that foci of ischemia of small (less than 10 cm3), medium (10-50 cm3) and large size (more than 50 cm3). Lacunarstrokes, as well as the size of the penumbra, affecting the ability to restore impaired brain functions, can be identified only by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) DENGAN METODE DPPH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatimah ◽  
◽  
Reksi Sundu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Ic50 Value

Free radicals and reactive species are widely believed to contribute to the development of several diseases by causing oxidative stress and eventually oxidative. Vernonia amygdalina (Astereacea) is a small shrub or tree between 1 and 5m high growing throughout tropical Africa. Plants are generally known as bitter leaves is well cultivated and is a general market for merchandise in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of hexane fraction from ethanol extract od Frican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). The method used in this study was the DPPH (1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of African leaves contained a composition of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the extract of n-hexane fraction was classified as very weak with an IC50 value of 317.98 ppm.

Liposomes: Novel Drug Delivery Approach for Targeting Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4721-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Pandey ◽  
Faheem H. Pottoo ◽  
Faizana Fayaz ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out. This leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Parkinsonism cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments, and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson’s disease is very challenging. The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective semi-permeable barrier, which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson’s disease do not readily cross the blood barrier and further lead to several side-effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated drug delivery to the brain without flooding the bloodstream and by directly targeting the neurons. In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes are an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting. Liposomes facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs, and minimize the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targeting Parkinson’s disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document