scholarly journals Study of the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa ethanol extraction the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture media

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed AbdulReda Yassen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Bacterial infections become a great health problems. The new antimicrobial agents are will reduce this problem. In this study, antimicrobial of activity of extract of Nigella sativa seed that used against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was evaluated. Started with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial potentials of ethanol extractofNigella sativaprepared in different concentrations (50,100, 200& 400 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and associated its activity with antibiotic concentration value Ciprofloxacin (5µg),Amoxicillin (25µg) & Penicillin (6µg) by determining the inhibition zone produced around the holes after growth on Muller-Hinton agar. This results showed activity of antibacterial of the Nigella sativa at differentconcentrationsand standard antibiotics exhibited various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending mainly upon the type of plant extract,concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Nearly all the Nigella sativa extracts were found to have significant activity (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria related with negative control. In the same time the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against examined bacteria raised significantly difference (p<0.05) at extract concentration raised (400 mg / ml ). The MIC values ofethanolic extracts of Nigella sativaextended from 0.156 to 0.312 mg/ml against tested bacteria. Whereas the MBC values ranged 1.248 mg/ml.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MEKAI (Pycnarrhena cauliflora DIELS.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Yayuk Bulam Sarifati ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Khemasili Kosala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Eye Pain

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of ​​inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values ​​<0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitr

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Novia Ariani ◽  
Dwi Rizki Febrianti ◽  
Rakhmadhan Niah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Extract Concentration

ABSTRAK Tanaman kemangi banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk pengobatan infeksi khususnya bagian daun. Hal ini dikarenakan daun kemangi memiliki senyawa aktif seperti minyak atsiri, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin dan fenol yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya aktivitas, mengetahui diameter zona hambat dan mengetahui klasifikasi kekuatan aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kemangi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan metode difusi lubang sumuran dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling.  Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, sedangkan untuk kontrol positif digunakan klindamisin 30µg, dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan etanol 96%. Hasil diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur dengan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter rata-rata yang didapat dari setiap perlakuan yaitu 100% (10,08 mm), 80% (8,10 mm), 60% (6,49 mm), 40% (4,29 mm), 20% (2,26 mm), dan sebagai klasifikasi kekuatan aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri yaitu pada konsentrasi 100% kuat, 80%-60% sedang dan 40%-20% lemah. Kata Kunci : Daun kemangi, Ekstrak, Difusi, Staphylooccus aureus  ABSTRACT Part of the basil plant (Ocimum sanctum L.) that widely used by people for treatment of infections is basil leaves. This is because basil leaves have active compounds such as essential oils, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenols which can inhibit bacterial growth. This research aimed to find out the presence or absence of activity, to determine the diameter of the inhibitory zone and the classification of antibacterial mention against what the name of bacterial is activity of ethanol extract of basil leaves. The type of this research is experimental research with a well diffusion method with sampling technique is purposive sampling. The concentration of extracts used were concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, while as positive control is  clindamycin 30µg, and the negative control used 96% ethanol. The resulting diameter of the inhibition zone is measured by the calipers.  The results showed that the ethanol extract of basil leaves had an activity in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an average diameter obtained from each treatment that was 100% (10,08mm); 80% (8,10mm); 60% (6,49mm); 40% (4,29mm); 20% (2,26mm), and as the antibacterial activity classification, that were strong in 100% of extract concentration, medium in 60-80% of extract concentration, and weak in 20-40% of extract concentration. Keywords : Basil leaf, Extract, Diffusion, Staphylooccus aureus

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of selected aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the conjunctiva of a bacterial conjunctivitis patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Chigozie John Ekenze ◽  
Oyinyechi Lilian Umunnakwe ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
Chioma Lilian Owunna ◽  
Florence Akuchi Mbatuegwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

A comparative in vitro study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of 4 selected antibiotic eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from the conjunctiva of a patient diagnosed of bacterial conjunctivitis, and were assayed on the basis of the zone of inhibition. One and two drops volume of the test drugs were inoculated (administered). Results for average inhibition zone for 1 and 2 drops volume was Levofloxacin (26.88 mm), Ciprofloxacin (25.0 mm), Tobramycin (12.5 mm), Gentamicin (7.5 mm) and Levofloxacin (33.12 mm), Ciprofloxacin (30.6 mm), Tobramycin (19.3 mm) and Gentamicin (17.5 mm) respectively with two drops having higher effect than one for Levofloxacin˃ Ciprofloxacin˃ Tobramycin˃ Gentamicin by way of order of susceptibility. The difference in the average zones of inhibition produced by equal volumes of gentamicin and tobramycin and that between ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin both not statistically significant (p˃0.05). Fluoroquinolones showed greater zones of inhibition than the aminoglycosides significantly with levofloxacin more efficacious than ciprofloxacin. One drop prescription is thus recommended. However, if two drops must be prescribed perhaps due to severity of symptoms as the clinician may deem necessary, the drugs should be administered in divided doses. Antimicrobial sensitivity test should be conducted in cases of ocular bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus while treatment with fluoroquinolone especially levofloxacin eye drops as the first line treatment is also suggested.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of the Combination of Commercial Essential Oils with Standard Antibiotics: In vitro Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-252
Author(s):  
Aneela Mehboob ◽  
Tanveer Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia

The aim of this investigation was to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils and  to assess the outcomes produced by the combinations of antibiotics and essential oils. To execute this research, gold standard and conventional methods were used. Antibacterial potency of five essential oils namely Citrus limon, Elettaria cardamomum, Lavandula angustifolia, Nigella sativa and Prunus dulcis were tested against Escherichia coli, Serratia fonticola, Serratia liquefaciens, Citrobacter freundii and Staphylococcus aureus recouped from street foods of Karachi. Among five of them, Citrus limon and Lavandula angustifolia were the most potent essential oils showing highest antibacterial activity in their undiluted form with the exception of Staphylococcus aureus but their mix at different concentrations successfully inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia fonticola. Synergistic outcomes were achieved against all the tested bacterial strains from the mix of essential oils and antibiotics, however antagonistic results were also obtained. This exploration underpins the application of essential oils alone and in combinations with antimicrobial agents to improve the affectability of ineffective drugs and aides in the advancement of new antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections utilizing therapeutic plants.    

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau (euphorbia hirta l.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia I. Mahmud ◽  
Christi Mambo ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extract Concentration

Abstract: Patikan kerbau leaf contains alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin can potentially be an antibacterial. The purpose of this research is to test the resisting potency of patikan kerbau leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) dan Escherichia coli (ATCC11229). This was an experimental laboratory study using modified Kirby-Bauer with well diffusion technique at Research and Microbiology Laboratory of MIPA Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Patikan kerbau leaf extract was obtained by using 96% etanol maceration. Extract concentrations used in this study were 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. Ciprofloxacin was used as the positive control and CMC as the negative control. The CMC showed no inhibition zone. Ciprofloxacin had the widest zone of inhibition. The average of inhibition zone diameters produced by ciprofloxacin was 33,3 mm on S. aureus and 33 mm on E.coli. Euphorbia hirta leaf extract concentration of 50 mg/ml resulted in average inhibition zone diameter of 18.83 mm on S.aureus and 17.83 mm on E.coli. Extract concentration of 25 mg/ml resulted in 17.33 mm on S. aureus and 16.83 mm on E.coli. Extract concentration of 12,5 mg/ml resulted in 15.5 mm on S. aureus and 14.83 mm on E.coli. Then, extract concentration of 6.25 mg/ml resulted in 15.16 mm on S. aureus and 13.3 mm on E.coli. Conclusion: Extract of Euphorbia hirta leaf has potential inhibitory effect towards bacterial growth of S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Euphorbia hirta extract is greater towards S. aureus rather than E.coliKeywords: antibacterial, patikan kerbau leaf extract, S. aureus, E. coli Abstrak: Daun patikan kerbau mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui uji daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) dan Escherichia coli (ATCC11229). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi dengan sumuran. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 12,5mg/ml dan 6,25mg/ml. Siprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan CMC sebagai kontrol negatif. Pada penelitian ini CMC yang tidak mempunyai zona hambat. Siprofloksasin memiliki diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Rerata diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh siprofloksasin adalah 33,3 mm terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan 33 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 50 mg/ml menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 18,83 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 17,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 25mg/ml sebesar 17,3 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 16,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau konsentrasi 12,5mg/ml sebesar 15,5 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 14,83 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Kemudian, konsentrasi 6,25mg/ml sebesar 15,16 pada bakteri S.aureus dan 13,3 mm pada bakteri E.coli. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun patikan kerbau berpotensi memiliki efek daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Daya hambat ekstrak daun patikan kerbau lebih besar pada S.aureus daripada E.coli Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak daun srikaya, S. aureus, E. coli

scholarly journals Antibacterial And Antifungal Effect Of Some Natural Extracts And Their Potential Use As Photosensitizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Abdullah T. Al-fawwaz ◽  
Khaled A. Al-Khaza'leh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Natural Extracts

One of the threats on the health sector is the appearance of multi antibiotic resistant microorganisms. Thus, this occurs because of using natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents in excessive doses. Now, many scientists all around the world are performing research on natural extracts that have antimicrobial activity using photodynamic therapy (PDT) which involves light activation. The aim of this study, however, is to evaluate the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy using extracts from Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), and Nigella or black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) respectively; and three different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., and Rhizopus sp.), using agar well diffusion method. The prepared methanolic extracts presented absorption between 300 and –900 nm wavelengths. The maximum activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was against Staphylococcus aureus in total darkness with 52.5 ± 2.5 mm inhibition zone diameter. Also, the most sensitive fungi was Mucor sp. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) extract was with 31.0 ± 1.0 mm inhibition zone diameters. The results showed that there was an inhibitory effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extracts against most of the tested species.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF JUICE KOMBA-KOMBA (Chromolaenaodorata) LEAF AGAINST GROWTH OF BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Reni Yunus ◽  
Muhammad Hilam ◽  
Satya Darmayani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Nowadays many plants can be used as traditional medicines to overcome various diseases including infections, because the use of traditional medicines is relatively safer compared to drugs derived from chemicals. One of the local plants in Southeast Sulawesi that has been empirically used as a medicine for wounds is a race of plants. Komba-komba leaves (Chromolaena odorata) containcompounds alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, saponins and steroids which have their respective functions in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or antibacterial. This study aims to determine the inhibition of komba-komba leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata) on the growth ofbacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This type of research is experimental laboratories. The method used was agar diffusion with 5 treatment concentrations, namely komba-sheep leaf extract concentration (Chromolaena odorata) 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, positive control (tetracycline) and negative control (aquadest) and repetition . The results showed that there was a inhibition zone of komba-komba leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata) on the growth ofbacteria Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 20% at 2 mm, a concentration of 40% at 3.7 mm, a concentration of 60% at 4.7 mm, a concentration of 80% 6.2 mm and a concentration of 100% by 8 mm.

scholarly journals Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Elettaria Cardamomum Extracts on the Growth of Some Gingivitis Inducing Bacteria in Culture Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Ali M. Ghazi ◽  
Ahmed J. Na’ma ◽  
Qassim H. Kshash ◽  
Nafae S. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

The our work was carried out with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial action of cardamom extracted by four different solvents and prepared in a number of concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg/mL) toward three different pathogenic bacteria responsible mainly for induce gingivitis infection and comparison their action with the action of antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin (5μg), Ampicillin (30μg) in culture media. The results of phytochemical profiles for different extracts of cardamom showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and terpenes in all used extracts while flavonoids were present in all extracts except watery extract. Saponins were present only in the ethanolic extract, while phenols were found to be present only in ethanolic and chloroformic extracts. The antibacterial screening of the different extracts of cardamom and standard antibiotics showed various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending largely upon the type of plant extract, the concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Almost all the cardamom extracts were found to have significant activity (p less than 0.05) against all tested bacteria com the pared with a negative control. The highest antibacterial potential was observed for the ethanolic cardamom extract, whereas other cardamom extracts showed closed results in general. At the same time, the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against tested bacteria raised significantly (p less than 0.05) as the extract concentration raised. The MIC values of watery, ethanolic, chloroformic, and acetonic extracts of cardamom ranged from 0.624 to 1.248 mg/mL, 0.078 to 0.312mg/mL, 0.624 to 1.248 and 0.312 to 0.624 mg/mL against tested bacteria respectively. While the MBC values ranged from 1.248 to 10 mg/mL, 0.624 to 2.5 mg/mL, 2.5mg/mL to 5 mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL respectively.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Daya Hambat Antimikroba Produk Antiseptik Hand Sanitizer dan Sabun Cair terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Ira Purbosari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Diffusion Technique

Washing hands is the first step to avoid various germs that cause infectious diseases, but this step is often ignored or overlooked. The use of hand sanitizer antiseptics and liquid soap is recommended early to avoid various types of germs that cause infectious diseases. Liquid soap can make viruses and bacteria unable to infect and reproduce. Because fat or lipids are damaged by detergents. Apart from antiseptic soap, hand sanitizers can disinfect and clean hands without soap. Hand sanitizers contain antibacterial ingredients such as triclosan or other antimicrobial agents which can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the hands such as Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the effectiveness test of washing hands using antiseptic soap, running water, and hand sanitizer. In this study, the method used was the disc diffusion technique and the zone of inhibition was determined. This study uses 5 kinds of hand sanitizers that already have a distribution permit and negative control in the form of oil carriers. And the antimicrobial inhibition test was carried out with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Of the five hand sanitizer samples, there is an inhibition zone, namely in the sample HS code 1 (70% alcohol and castor oil) and HS 5 (70% alcohol), where the diameter of the inhibition zone is 1.8 mm and 4.3 mm. This shows that the response to growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is very weak. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antibacterial activity of locally produced liquid soap and hand sanitizer is very weak in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

scholarly journals Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Filippo Prencipe ◽  
Anna Zanfardino ◽  
Michela Di Napoli ◽  
Filomena Rossi ◽  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Catalytic Chemistry

The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms.

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