scholarly journals FAW; AN EMERGING THREATS TO AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Prakriti Ghimire ◽  
Nikku Bhetwal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
The World

The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous crop pest which has a higher possibility of spreading all over the world, risking the agricultural potential yield by reducing the productivity and production. The rapid breeding ability with a speed migrating tendency along with the voracious feeding nature, has made the monitoring and control of this pest more difficult. With more than 80 host species, the agricultural devastation caused by FAW has been a threat to the agricultural sector. So, an integrated approach of pest management should be in our top priority while dealing with controlling of the pest. Various cultural practices like deep ploughing before the rain onset and intercropping with different leguminous crops has helped to decrease the faw population along with other physical, biological, mechanical and chemical methods. However, chemical methods should be applied below the economic threshold level and only when the pest population is growing in such a rapid form that the other methods has failed to affect the pest population. This review mainly focuses on the Insect distribution, its biology, host preference, field damage along with its management strategies that has been researched by various researchers from different corners of the world.

scholarly journals Risk Management in Agricultural Holdings in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Process Risk ◽  
The Government

The developing uncertainties, risks and crises related to the natural environment, technology, economic and political environment, as well as globalization, still pose a challenge to addressing risk management in the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. The purpose of the article is to make an analysis of risk management in agricultural holdings and, on this basis, to identify generalized conclusions and suggestions for improving the process. Risk management often depends on the economic activities and internal attitudes of farm managers. The methodological framework of the study includes: 1) Theoretical review of risk management in the agricultural sector, identifying the sources of uncertainty and risk, the ability of farmers to use different risk management strategies, as well as the dependence of risk management on the perceptions of farmers and the measures taken by the government; 2) Methodological framework of the study of risk management in agricultural holdings; 3) Recommendations for improving the risk management process. The analyses in the article present the results of university project NI 16/2018 Integrated approach to risk management in the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Fusarium Disease of Maize and Its Management through Sustainable Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerald Tiru ◽  
Parimal Mandal ◽  
Arka Pratim Chakraborty ◽  
Ayon Pal ◽  
Sanjoy Sadhukhan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Fusarium causing disease in maize is probably the one of the most serious diseases among the crop plants all over the world. It not only damages the maize plant, reduces its potential yield and its nutritional values but imposes threatening to the human life through the induction of mycotoxin development. F. graminearum and F. moniliforme syn. Fusarium verticillioides are two important maize pathogens that cause substantial damage to its ear, stalk and foliage, causing contamination of grains with mycotoxins. Since conventional methods of controlling the diseases including the chemical methods proved not enough for total control of the disease with creating situation even worse for our surroundings, the application of PGPR and PGPF can play significant role to control the damage caused by Fusarium.

Integrated Weed Control Management in Soybeans (Glycine max) in Greece

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Vizantinopoulos ◽  
Nikos Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Control Management

Field experiments were conducted in 1988, 1989, and 1990 in Greece to investigate the combination of cultural and chemical methods for weed control in soybean. The selectivity of herbicides or the combination of herbicides used was dependent on application rate. Imazaquin applied PRE was selective on soybean even at 0.18 kg/ha, whereas imazethapyr was safer on soybean than imazaquin at 0.22 kg/ha. Metribuzin at 0.37 kg/ha tank-mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, imazaquin, and SAN 582H were not phytotoxic at their recommended rates. All herbicides satisfactorily controlled the weeds in the experiments. The early-season period threshold level for a mixed population ofAmaranthusspp. occurred 3.0 to 3.5 wk after weed emergence. Density ofAmaranthusspp. of about 270 to 470 plants/m2caused soybean yield reduction equal to 11 to 35%, respectively. The treatments did not influence the oil content of the soybean seed but in one experiment the protein content was influenced slightly by some of the treatments. The results emphasize the importance of using chemical, cultural, and competition threshold levels of cultural practices for an integrated approach for weed control in soybean.

scholarly journals Review of the Biology, Distribution, and Management of the Invasive Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis Poir)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Kusinara Wijayabandara ◽  
Shane Campbell ◽  
Joseph Vitelli ◽  
Asad Shabbir ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
The World

Whilst exotic invasive species are a major threat to natural and modified ecosystems around the world, management programs to reduce their impacts often fail due to a lack of information about their biology and how best to control them in various situations. This paper reviews the currently available information on the biology, distribution, and management options for the invasive weed Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (fireweed). In addition, we developed a model to predict the climatic suitability of this weed around the world based on the current climate. Senecio madagascariensis originates from southern Africa but it has been introduced to several other countries including Australia. Climatic suitability suggests that there are large areas around the world suitable for the weed’s growth where it is currently not present. The weed poses a major threat to livestock industries in these countries through its ability to reduce pasture production and poison animals. A range of control techniques have been used to try and manage S. madagascariensis. This paper highlights how a better understanding of the biology of S. madagascariensis can help determine the most effective treatments to impose and to further develop integrated management strategies. Besides using traditional approaches, the use of competitive pastures and more tolerant livestock (such as sheep and goats) are some of the other options recommended as part of an integrated approach. On-going research to identify host-specific biological control agents is also considered a priority.

scholarly journals Digitalization in management of transport and logistics system of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
К. А. Kirdasinova ◽  
◽  
М. B. Tolysbayeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Services

Purpose - the authors consider the relevant aspects of the current state, the prospects for the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan and economy as a whole, as well as the world experience of transport and logistics systems. The high relevance of solving problems aimed at expanding the scale of transport logistics, which determined the importance of choosing this research topic. Methods - economic assessment on the basis of which, the basic principles and measures for the implementation of the State program "Digital Kazakhstan" are presented; the feasibility and significance of the project for the functioning of transport enterprisesis shown; analytical – in monitoring the current situation in transport industry; a systematic approach that allows to identify the effectiveness of management processes when using innovative mechanisms that contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of domestic agro-industrial production. Results - in recent years, close attention has been paid to the development of a single national transport system, modernization of all its elements, increasing the sustainable operation of transport complex, providing sustainable services to agricultural sector as a priority sector of country, its integration into the world economic community. The authors state that the trend towards digitalization of transport and logistics services sets new standards for all market participants. The main directions of traffic management are summarized, and the integrated digital platform is characterized by a high degree of transparency and traceability of the food supply chain. Conclusions - the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of transport and logistics systems based on the widespread use of digital information and communication technologies for planning, monitoring and control of all procedures delivery of goods from manufacturers to end consumers is done. Improving logistics functions in agricultural sector is a key catalyst for the growth of the logistics sector in most countries.

scholarly journals Using Blockchain-Enabled Solutions as SDG Accelerators in the International Development Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4025
Author(s):  
Ahmet Faruk Aysan ◽  
Fouad Bergigui ◽  
Mustafa Disli
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Hype Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Case Development

As the world is striving to recover from the shockwaves triggered by the COVID-19 crisis, all hands are needed on deck to transition towards green recovery and make peace with nature as prerequisites of a global sustainable development pathway. In this paper, we examine the blockchain hype, the gaps in the knowledge, and the tools needed to build promising use cases for blockchain technology to accelerate global efforts in this decade of action towards achieving the SDGs. We attempt to break the “hype cycle” portraying blockchain’s superiority by navigating a rational blockchain use case development approach. By prototyping an SDG Acceleration Scorecard to use blockchain-enabled solutions as SDG accelerators, we aim to provide useful insights towards developing an integrated approach that is fit-for-purpose to guide organizations and practitioners in their quest to make informed decisions to design and implement blockchain-backed solutions as SDG accelerators. Acknowledging the limitations in prototyping such tools, we believe these are minimally viable products and should be considered as living tools that can further evolve as the blockchain technology matures, its pace of adoption increases, lessons are learned, and good practices and standards are widely shared and internalized by teams and organizations working on innovation for development.

scholarly journals Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Le ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

scholarly journals A Transformation of the Approach to Evaluating a Region’s Investment Attractiveness as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Dmitriy G. Rodionov ◽  
Evgenii A. Konnikov ◽  
Magomedgusen N. Nasrutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
World Order ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused a transformation of virtually all aspects of the world order today. Due to the introduction of the world quarantine, a considerable share of professional communications has been transformed into a format of distance interaction. As a result, the specific weight of traditional components of the investment attractiveness of a region is steadily going down, because modern business can be built without the need for territorial unity. It should be stated that now the criteria according to which investors decide if they are ready to invest in a region are dynamically transforming. The significance of the following characteristics is increasingly growing: the sustainable development of a region, qualities of the social environment, and consistency of the social infrastructure. Thus, the approaches to evaluating the region’s investment attractiveness must be transformed. Moreover, the investment process at the federal level involves the determination of target areas of regional development. Despite the universal significance of innovative development, the region can develop much more dynamically when a complex external environment is formed that complements its development model. Interregional interaction, as well as an integrated approach to innovative development, taking into account not only the momentary effect, but also the qualitative long-term transformation of the region, will significantly increase the return on investment. At the same time, the currently existing methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of the region are usually heuristic in nature and are not universal. The heuristic nature of the existing methods does not allow to completely abstract from the subjectivity of the researcher. Moreover, the existing methods do not take into account the cyclical properties of the innovative development of the region, which lead to the formation of a long-term effect from the transformation of the regional environment. This study is aimed at forming a comprehensive methodology that can be used to evaluate the investment attractiveness of a certain region and conclude about the lines of business that should be developed in it as well as to find ways to increase the region’s investment attractiveness. According to the results of the study, a comprehensive methodology was formed to evaluate the region’s investment attractiveness. It consists of three key indicators, namely, the level of the region’s investment attractiveness, the projected level of the region’s investment attractiveness, and the development vector of the region’s investment attractiveness. This methodology is based on a set of indicators that consider the status of the economic and social environment of the region, as well as the status of the innovative and ecological environment. The methodology can be used to make multi-dimensional conclusions both about the growth areas responsible for increasing the region’s innovative attractiveness and the lines of business that should be developed in the region.

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