scholarly journals Changes in growth parameters and forage quantity and quality of corn harvested at different developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Suleyman CAGIR ◽  
Yakup Onur KOCA
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Suitable Climate ◽  
Almost All

Due to the different agricultural practices such as second cropping or more for the increase product obtained from the areas of suitable climate, some differences in harvesting stages of plants have been occurred. The study was carried out in the Menemem location of Izmir in the coastal Aegean region of Turkey under Mediterranean climate in 2018 and 2019 to determine the performance of corn cultivars in different maturity stages. Seven varieties of corn (Everest, Aga, Kilowatt, Burak, Samada-07, P30B74 and P31Y43) were harvested at 3 different growth stages (silking, end of milk and dough stages) to determine the changes in some parameters of growing, forage quantity and quality. The highest average of dry forage yield (24159 kg ha-1 average of years) was determined at the third harvest date. The maximum cob rate was also measured at the third harvest date, but the maximum leaf and stalk rates were measured at the first harvest date. The average protein rate decreased throughout the growing period while ADF and NDF increased. Almost all of the varieties were found to have large leaf areas. The Burak variety came to the fore due to its long length and relatively thick stalk features and high green and dry yields. Moreover, P31Y43 was determined to have a high quality in addition to high green and dry grass yields. Therefore, the Burak and P31Y43 can be suggested in terms of high parameters both quantity and quality under different crop conditions for increase production.

scholarly journals The effect of irrigation frequency on growth, flowering and stomatal conductance of osteospermum 'Denebola' and New Guinea impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb·and-flow benches

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Treder ◽  
Joanna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

The response of osteospermum 'Denebola' and New Guinea impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches to different water potential of growing medium applied during whole growing period was investigated by measuring plant growth parameters and stomatal conductance (g<sub>S</sub>). After cutting establishment, four different irrigation treatments based on soil water potential were applied to osteospermum: at -0,5 , -3,0 , -10,0 , -20 kPa. In the case of impatiens the last water treatment was omitted. Plants were evaluated when they reach one ofthe three growth stages: lateral shoots development, visible flower buds (osteospermum) or beginning of flowering (impatiens) and at flowering. All plants produced with a moderate water deficit (irrigation at -3 and -10 kPa) were more compact than plants irrigated at -0,5 kPa but their flowering were not affected. Strong decrease in pIant growth and flowering was observed when plants were irrigated at the lowest water potential (-20 kPa). However, for impatiens the highest irrigation frequency was also not favorable. As a result of water stress the decrease in stomatal conductance (g~) in both plants was observed. Osteospermum was more resistant to water stress than impatiens.

scholarly journals Crayfish hemocytes develop along the granular cell lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Zaichao Zheng ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDespite the central role of hemocytes in crustacean immunity, the process of hemocyte differentiation and maturation remains unclear. In some decapods, it has been proposed that the two main types of hemocytes, granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs), differentiate along separate lineages. However, our current findings challenge this model. By tracking newly produced hemocytes and transplanted cells, we demonstrate that almost all the circulating hemocytes of crayfish belong to the GC lineage. SGCs and GCs may represent hemocytes of different developmental stages rather than two types of fully differentiated cells. Hemocyte precursors produced by progenitor cells differentiate in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) for 3 ~ 4 days. Immature hemocytes are released from HPT in the form of SGCs and take 1 ~ 3 months to mature in the circulation. GCs represent the terminal stage of development. They can survive for as long as 2 months. The changes in the expression pattern of marker genes during GC differentiation support our conclusions. Further analysis of hemocyte phagocytosis indicates the existence of functionally different subpopulations. These findings may reshape our understanding of crustacean hematopoiesis and may lead to reconsideration of the roles and relationship of circulating hemocytes.

scholarly journals Is There Daily Growth Hysteresis versus Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cherry Fruit?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Matteo Zucchini ◽  
Arash Khosravi ◽  
Veronica Giorgi ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

The growth of cherry fruit is generally described using a double sigmoid model, divided into four growth stages. Abiotic factors are considered to be significant components in modifying fruit growth, and among these, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is deemed the most effective. In this study, we investigated sweet cherry fruit growth through the continuous, hourly monitoring of fruit transversal diameter over two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), from the beginning of the third stage to maturation (forth stage). Extensometers were used in the field and VPD was calculated from weather data. The fruit growth pattern up to the end of the third stage demonstrated three critical steps during non-rainy days: shrinkage, stabilization and expansion. In the third stage of fruit growth, a partial clockwise hysteresis curve of circadian growth, as a response to VPD, appeared on random days. The pattern of fruit growth during rainy days was not distinctive, but the amount and duration of rain caused a consequent decrease in the VPD and indirectly boosted fruit growth. At the beginning of the fourth stage, the circadian growth changed and the daily transversal diameter vs VPD formed fully clockwise hysteresis curves for most of this stage. Our findings indicate that hysteresis can be employed to evaluate the initial phenological phase of fruit maturation, as a fully clockwise hysteresis curve was observable only in the fourth stage of fruit growth. There are additional opportunities for its use in the management of fruit production, such as in precision fruit farming.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Metabolite Profiles of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) along Three Growth Stages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2756
Author(s):  
Daissy Monroy-Velandia ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

scholarly journals THE LOCATION OF THE XANTHATE GROUPS IN PARTLY SUBSTITUTED CELLULOSE XANTHATES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1522-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Swan ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Almost All

Cellulose sodium xanthates of degree of substitution (D.S.) 0.4 to 0.66 were methylated to xanthate S-methyl esters which were then acetylated completely, the final xanthate D.S. remaining close to the original value. Dexanthation with aqueous chlorine dioxide near pH 4.5 and −5° removed almost all of the S-methyl xanthate groups, but the loss of a few acetyl groups from, and the retention of 1 to 2% of sulphur in, the resulting cellulose acetate could not be avoided. The original xanthate groups were presumably represented in this acetate as unsubstituted hydroxyl groups, and these were located by standard methods involving tosylation–iodination, tritylation, and oxidations with lead tetraacetate. Xanthate groups appeared to occupy the third and sixth, but not the second, position in the cellulose, and 53 to 61% of the substituent was in the sixth or primary position; one sample of viscose was "ripened" before the cellulose sodium xanthate was isolated, and the value was 81%. The results were of a preliminary nature, because severe technical difficulties reduced their reliability.

An encapsulated haemogregarine from the evileye pufferfish in South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Smit ◽  
A.J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Smears

Developmental stages of a haemogregarine were found within polychromatocytes and erythrocytes in Giemsa-stained blood smears from six evileye pufferfish (Amblyrhynchotes honckenii) caught at Koppie Alleen in the De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa. This unusual haemogregarine, Haemogregarina (sensu lato) koppiensis sp. nov., was characterized by encapsulated gamonts with recurved tails, features more common in haemogregarines infecting amphibian and reptilian erythrocytes than in those from fish. Haemogregarina koppiensis is only the third species of fish haemogregarine to have been described from South Africa.

scholarly journals review article on literary archeology.docx

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiexin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Third ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Material Exchange

<p>In this review article, I have located the trajectory of development of the notion of literary archeology and the third relation of comparative literature, compared to influence and parallel ones, expounded by him in his newly published book in 2016, <i>The Third Notion of Comparative Literature: the Possibility of Literary Archeology</i>. My research shows that he has conceived this notion more than a decade ago and it’s the result of his lifetime endeavor on comparative literature in East Asia. I have employed almost all his monographs to trace the gradual formation of his ideas with two books as the focus, <i>The Third Notion of Comparative Literature: the Possibility of Literary Archeology</i> and <i>The Image of Willow: The Material Exchange and the Ancient Chinese and Japanese Literature</i>. The former aims to construct the theory of literary archeology as a renovated subject matter and the latter is composed of the case studies on willow which provide abundant evidence to illustrate his point. </p>

scholarly journals Effect of Hardening to drought Tolerance on the Moisture Content of Sunflower Plant. III. Moisture Percentage in Whole Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

The study was conducted during spring seasons of 2000 and 2001.The aim was to study the changes in the moisture content of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance .Agricultural practices were made according to recommendation. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water. The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments: Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron meter. Results indicated that plant moisture content was not affected by irrigation treatments in both seasons and as a mean of seasons ,except after 72 days from planting in the season 2000.when stress 800 Kp caused a decreased in moisture content by 4.55and 5.18% compared with full irrigation and stress 600 Kp, respectively. Euroflor was superior over Flame after 30 days from planting by 13.64% in the season of 2000 and by 6.23% as a mean of seasons , and by 2.80% after 86 days from planting in the season of 2001.While Flame was superior by 2.75% after 58 days from planting in the season of 2001. Soaking in water , paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased plant moisture content by 4.56,3.92 and 3.82% after 86 days from planting in the season 2000 , soaking in water and paclobutrazol solution increased plant moisture content by 2.61 and 2.62% as amean of seasons compared with unsoaked treatment. In conclusion, soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators could improve water relations of plants , and increase moisture content in plants tissues especially during flowering and seed filling , when the water requirements increased and associated with high temperature in spring season in Iraq.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

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