scholarly journals BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM CO-DIGESTION OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Sambo ◽  
Etonihu ◽  
A. M. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Alternative Sources

The fear of depletion of fossil fuels and their attendant ecological effects and the high cost of renewable energy technology in Nigeria has triggered a need to develop alternative sources of energy, among which is biogas production. A slurry of 1 kg mixture of agro-waste feed stocks (plantain peel/rice husk, PP/RH; banana peel/plantain peel, BP/PP; and banana peel/rice husk, BP/RH) in 1:1 ratio was co-digested in locally fabricated digesters (10 L capacity). The experiment was run for 50 days and assessed for proximate content, biogas generation, organic matter, and mineral content in the digested and undi-gested agro-waste materials. The proximate composition showed that while banana peel had the highest moisture (56%), rice husk was highest in the content of ash (64%), crude protein (6.94%), and volatile solids (20%). The weekly cumulative biogas generation increased from 852.6 cm3 for BP/PP sample to 1049.7 cm3 for PP/RH sample for the 7 weeks at the experimental room temperature range of 29 oC to 35 oC. Sample PP/RH generated the highest volume of gas (biogas, methane, and others) compared to BP/RH and BP/PP samples.  In each case the volume of gas production decreased in week 7 from 271.4 cm3 to 152.0 cm3 (for biogas), 161.4 cm3 to 97.1 cm3 (for methane), and 110.0 cm3 to 54.9 cm3 (for other gases). The nutritional concentrations of the digested and undigested mixture of the waste samples after Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame Photometry showed that the digested samples had higher contents of the nutritional elements than the undigested samples. The mineral elements ranged from 0.554 mg/g in the undigested rice husk to 18.155 mg/g in the digested banana peel samples. Fermentation of agricultural wastes to generate biogas and sludge with agricultural value offers an al-ternative and efficient method of agricultural wastes and energy management in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Delineating Comparative Studies on Biogas Production from Camel, Donkey and Horse Dungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Buhari S. ◽  
M.N Yahaya ◽  
Nasiru A.
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Cost

The cost and the health effects of using other forms of energy, such as energy from fossil fuels and coal, make it necessary to find alternative sources of energy which are cheap and have no health effects on humans, animals and the environment. The energy derived from animal wastes, such as camel, donkey and horse dung, provide that alternative source of energy to humanity. To treat the problem of fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions, biogas is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. The aim of this work is to compare the amount of biogas produced from cow, horse and camel dung. This work used three 1 litre capacity plastic gallons as prototype biodigesters. These biodigesters were operated and daily gas produced from the dung was observed for 37 days retention time. The digesters were fed with the same proportion of dung from each animal, and water. The operating temperatures of the digesters were maintained within the range of 34-390C, while pH values of the slurries ranged from 4.90 to 7.3. The biogas produced in 37 days retention time were found to be (4550 cm3)/150g for camels, (2210 cm3)/150g for donkeys and (4000 cm3 )/150g for horses. It was observed that the dungs were stagnant for one week, and the more the retention time, the more gas was produced. This investigation revealed that the gas production process was started on day 7, due to the fact that those animals were fed with fibrous materials and a longer time is required for digesting fibrous materials by microorganisms. The results obtained are compared in order of camel > horse > donkey. It was found that camels produce the highest volume of gas followed by horse and then donkey. The process of methane gas production, if extended to the commercial scale, would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also be a means of environmental sanitation for the study area and Nigeria at large.

Full scale co-digestion of organic waste

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kübler ◽  
K. Hoppenheidt ◽  
P. Hirsch ◽  
A. Kottmair ◽  
R. Nimmrichter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Impact

Operational results of a co-digestion facility were assessed over a period of 18 months. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) contains a considerable amount of contaminants and grit (up to 6% w/w). A BTA-Pulper efficiently treated the different waste streams and converted a high amount of volatile solids (VS) into the digester feedstock. The seasonal fluctuations of the waste composition significantly influenced the biogas production. The impact of this seasonally variant degradability of VS had to be considered by evaluating the operation results. The waste streams investigated did not show any negative impact on digester performance. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the digester considerably affected the VS-reduction. Despite a considerable decrease of VS-degradation a reduction of HRT from 14 to 8 days slightly improves the gas production rate (GPR). An activated sludge system efficiently reduced the pollution of the effluent.The nutrient content of the anaerobic compostwas favourable and the content of pollutants was low. The facility produced surplus electrical power up to 290 MJ/t. An overall energy balance shows that the facility substitutes primary energy.

scholarly journals Residual Agroforestry Biomass–Thermochemical Properties

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Enes ◽  
José Aranha ◽  
Teresa Fonseca ◽  
Carlos Matos ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Combustion Processes

Research Highlights: Biomass from Mediterranean agroforestry vegetation may be a potential source of renewable energy. However, due to the high heterogeneity of this type of resource, the study of its characteristics becomes necessary for its efficient use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal and chemical properties of 14 different kinds of agroforestry biomass groups: shrubs, forest, and agricultural wastes. Materials and Methods: The higher heating value (HHV), the elemental analysis (C, H, O, N, S), ashes, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P), trace elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and halogen elements (F and Cl) were quantified and compared with CEN/TS 147775 and CENS/TS 14961 standards, looking forward to future use for energy purposes, namely through combustion processes, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Results: The shrubs present the highest values of higher heating value (20.5 MJ kg−1), followed by the forest wastes (19.2 MJ kg−1) and the lowest in the agricultural wastes (18.5 MJ kg−1). Concerning the elemental analysis, the difference between groups C, H, and O are very small and not statistically significant, while for N, S and ashes values are higher in agricultural than shrubs and forestry wastes. The same tendency was found for the mineral nutrients. For the trace elements, the lowest content of Mn, Fe, and Zn is found in agricultural, Ni, and Cr content in the shrubs and Cu in the forest wastes. The halogen elements are present in greater amount in shrubs than agricultural and forest wastes. Conclusions: Although the high values of the halogen elements which may raise sintering problems and corrosive effect on metal parts in furnace and boiler, in general the shrubs biomass are those with better characteristics for energy uses, namely through combustion processes.

Production of Biogas from Mono- and Co-Digestion of Agricultural Waste (Cow Dung, Chicken Dropping, and Rice Husk)

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Musa Olusegun Arekemase ◽  
Isaac Aweda
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study focused on waste to energy technology that utilized mono- and co-digestion of cow dung (CD), chicken dropping (ChD), and rice husk (RH). The fabricated digesters were assessed for the influence of temperature and pH on biogas production from the materials used. The total aerobic bacteria and fungi counts for the mono- and co-digestion of cow dung with chicken droppings had highest number on day zero (1.5x107cfu/ml, 1.6x105cfu/ml and 1.4x108cfu/ml, 1.2x105, respectively), while the lowest counts were recorded on the 35th day (1.3x101cfu/ml, 1.0x101cfu/ml and 1.1x101cfu/ml, 1.0x101cfu/ml, respectively). The highest count of the acetogenic organisms was 1.8x105cfu/ml on the 18th day whereas no count was observed on the 35th day. Methanogenic bacteria had a count ranging from 1.0x 101 cfu/ml to 3.4x104cfu/ml on the 18th day. pH was within the range of 5.3 – 8.5 in the digesters. Cow dung  (100% CD) showed the highest cumulative gas production of 41.65m3 compared with chicken droppings (100% ChD) and rice husk (100% RH) which showed values of 8.91 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, within temperature. Furthermore, the co-digestion of 75% CD + 25% ChD, 50% CD + 50% ChD, 25% CD + 75% ChD, 50% CD + 50% RH, and 50% ChD + 50% RH produced biogas values of 20.1m3, 15.13m3, 7.51m3, 5.1m3, and 2.09m3, respectively, at the same temperature range of 36.2OC - 41.7OC. The assay for nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), potassium (K) and sulphate (S) to find the major plant nutrient from the digestate showed that 100% CD was richer in N (1.8mg/l), P (0.5mg/l), and S (0.5mg/l) than the other biomass types, whereas 50% CD 50% ChD had the highest content of P. The present study suggests that the digestion of cow dung, chicken droppings, and rice husk can be an effective means of waste management, pollution control, and generation of renewable energy (biogas) and fertilizers, thereby further strengthening the role of agriculture in the area of food security.

scholarly journals Effect of yeast addition on the biogas production performance of a food waste anaerobic digestion system

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 200443
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Ma ◽  
Weijie Guan ◽  
Na Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Stability

Food waste contains numerous easily degradable components, and anaerobic digestion is prone to acidification and instability. This work aimed to investigate the effect of adding yeast on biogas production performance, when substrate is added after biogas production is reduced. The results showed that the daily biogas production increased 520 and 550 ml by adding 2.0% (volatile solids; VS) of activated yeast on the 12th and 37th day of anaerobic digestion, respectively, and the gas production was relatively stable. In the control group without yeast, the increase of gas production was significantly reduced. After the second addition of substrate and yeast, biogas production only increased 60 ml compared with that before the addition. After fermentation, the biogas production of yeast group also increased by 33.2% compared with the control group. Results of the analysis of indicators, such as volatile organic acids, alkalinity and propionic acid, showed that the stability of the anaerobic digestion system of the yeast group was higher. Thus, the yeast group is highly likely to recover normal gas production when the biogas production is reduced, and substrate is added. The results provide a reference for experiments on the industrialization of continuous anaerobic digestion to take tolerable measures when the organic load of the feed fluctuates dramatically.

Effect of Oil Content on Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste under Mesophilic Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Lian Hai Ren ◽  
Yan Bing Huang ◽  
Pan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Dry Anaerobic Digestion

The variations of daily biogas yields, cumulative biogas yields, biogas composition analysis, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were studied in the process of mesophilic and dry anaerobic digestion of food waste under different oil contents (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) at 35 °C. The gas production raised and then went down with the oil content, followed by 243.14, 245.64, 256.09, 269.25, 276.54, 284.22mL /g TS respectively. The research provided a reference for the pretreatment of food waste in follow-up continuous fermentation. Results showed that the period of the process of mesophilic dry anaerobic digestion under oil content of 0% was the shortest, with the total biogas production of 1275.5mL. During the process of the digestion, methane content of the biogas raised and then went down, up to a maximum of 77.62%. The removal rate of TS and VS in food waste with the oil content of 6% was the highest, obtained as 11.2% and 13.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Production of Biogas from an Agro-industrial Waste and its Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iqbal ◽  
T. Aftab ◽  
J. Iqbal ◽  
S. Aslam ◽  
R. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
Volatile Solids

Molasses is a significant by-product of sugar industry and can be used as substrate in anaerobic digestion process for biogas production. Molasses was diluted ten time; inoculated by methane producing bacteria, mixed thoroughly in 2 liter batch bioreactor, kept at 370C for 15 days under anaerobic conditions for biogas yield. pH in the process was monitored three times a day. Total solids, volatile solids and COD were measured at alternate days. The gas production was measured by water displacement method. Ten times diluted molasses under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of methane producing bacteria was converted to 6.55 dm3/kg of biogas or 3.93 dm3/kg CH4 and 0.144 kWh electricity.  Keywords: Agro industrial waste; Molasses; Methanogen; Anaerobic digestion; Biogas production. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17320 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 347-357 (2014)

scholarly journals Obtaining biogas product from biological residues vaccines in Chone city

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Janner Leonel Santos Mantuano ◽  
Manuel Enrique Vergara Macías ◽  
Erik Sebastian Sanchez Toapanta ◽  
Klever Steven Tubay Palma ◽  
María Fernanda Vivas Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The City

In this research, we studied the use of cattle biological waste to obtain biogas through a biodigester in the city of Chone, considered the livestock capital of Ecuador. Biogas is a mixed gas produced by the fermentation (anaerobic digestion) of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. It is mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. The biogas production process takes place in a container called a digester, in which the anaerobic fermentation process occurs. Obtaining biogas is one of the most used alternative sources for the production of renewable energy, so it can be evidenced by its importance as a tool against the fight of the environmental problem that exists today. The use of biogas of bovine origin has a high calorific value so it can be used for the production of heat, electricity or biofuel. This initiative seeks to manage and sustainably reduce organic waste, reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Katja Vasić ◽  
Željko Knez ◽  
Maja Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Alternative Sources

As the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels has increased during the last few decades, the search for sustainable and renewable alternative sources has gained growing interest. Enzymatic hydrolysis in bioethanol production presents an important step, where sugars that are fermented are obtained in the final fermentation process. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, more and more new effective enzymes are being researched to ensure a more cost-effective process. There are many different enzyme strategies implemented in hydrolysis protocols, where different lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood feedstocks, different agricultural wastes, and marine algae are being used as substrates for an efficient bioethanol production. This review investigates the very recent enzymatic hydrolysis pathways in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
Yu. Shliva ◽  
B. Matros ◽  
G. Sych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

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