Toxicity Extract and Faction of Surian Toona sinensis Leaf and Bark against Shrimp Larvae Artemia salina L.

Surian (Toona sinensis) is one of the herbs that contain many bioactive compounds. Part of surian plants that can be utilized as therapy is leaf and bark. This study aims to determine the toxicity of leaf and bark extract of Surian through Bhrine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), then compare toxic concentration of water extract, and ethanol 70 %, and n-hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions to shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L). The results showed that water content of leaves simplicia was 8.08 % and bark was 6.26 %. The highest extract rendement value by ethanol solvent was 23 %. The result of BSLT test probit analysis showed that the extract of ethyl acetate bark fraction had the highest toxicity with LC50 value 405.641 ppm, while leaf water extract had the lowest toxicity with LC50 value 707.787 ppm.

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Skrining Fitokimia dan Toksisitas dari Ekstrak Daun Pecut Kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicenesis (L.) Vahl)

ULIN Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.32522/ujht.v5i1.5048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Muhammad Wildan Rizqi Miftahussanadi ◽

Erwin Erwin ◽

Irawan Wijaya Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

East Kalimantan

The Pecut kuda plant is one of the plants of the genus Stachytarpheta which is found in tropical regions, including Indonesia. In Indonesia this plant is found in East Kalimantan which grows wild. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolites and the level of toxicity of the leaves of horse whip (Stachytarpheta jamaicenesis (L.) Vahl). The research stages were sample drying, sample maceration, filtered, concentrated with a rotary evaporator, phytochemical and toxicity tests using linear regression values to determine the LC50 value with SAS probit analysis. Phytochemical test results showed that the pecut horse leaf extract in the n-hexane fraction contained flavonoids, quinones and steroids, the ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and quinones and the methanol fraction contained phenolic flavonoids, quinones and saponins. The results of the toxicity test on Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae in the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol obtained LC50 values of 0.036 ppm, 5.24 ppm and 29.51 ppm, respectively. Based on the LC50 value, it can be concluded that the three fractions are very toxic, but the most toxic is the n-hexane fraction (LC50 = 0.036 ppm).

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Uji Fitokimia dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Batang Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia dengan Metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Indo J Chem Res ◽

10.30598//ijcr.2017.4-fau ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 378-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fauziah Ahmad ◽

Nunuk H. Soekamto ◽

Firdaus Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Steroid Compound ◽

Value Analysis ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

The People ◽

Test Result

Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia is plant species included in Malvaceae family. This spesies is known as paliasa and used as traditional medicine by the people of South Sulawesi. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites by reagents and toxicity characteristic testing from bark extract of Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia using Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The extract was prepeared by maceration ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test result showed that the ethyl acetate extract was containing the steroid compound, alkaloids and terpenoids. Toxicity test performed by shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae was at 48 hours. The toxic effects of the extract were identified by the percentage of the number of shrimp larvae mortality using probit value analysis (LC50). The toxicity test of bark Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia extract showed that the ethyl acetate extract is toxic to A. salina LC50 = 54,55 mg / mL.

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UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA EKSTRAK ALGA MERAH (Eucheuma cottonii) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina LEACH

ALCHEMY ◽

10.18860/al.v0i0.2892 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noer Mardlatillah Sharo ◽

Rachmawati Ningsih ◽

Ahmad Hanapi ◽

Ahmad Nasichuddin

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Red Algae ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Eucheuma Cottonii

Eucheuma cottonii is a multicellular algae (multicellular) that have bioactive compounds used in medicine, such as anticancer. The purpose of this research is to know the level of toxicity of the crude extract of ethanol and n-hexane red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) against larvae of shrimp A. salina Leach and to know the active compounds contained in crude extracts of ethanol and n-hexane red algae (Eucheuma cottonii).This research was conducted with the maceration extraction continuing by test toxicity against the shrimp larvae of A. salina Leach (BSLT). The result of the toxicity test then proceeds with the test reagents and phytochemicals with thin layer chromatography for positive test of compound phytochemicals. Thin-layer chromatography using eluen n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7: 3) to ethanol extract and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (17: 3) for n-hexane extract. Data on toxicity of A. salina Leach analyzed by probit analysis to find out the value of LC50 on each extract.The results of this research indicate that each of the rough red algae extract (Eucheuma cottonii) by using a solvent of ethanol and n-hexane have toxicity values (LC50) of shrimp larvae of A. salina Leach consecutive 58,0128 ppm and 61,7571 ppm. Active compounds content of Phytochemical test results i.e. triterpenoid (ethanol extract) and steroids (n-hexsane extract). The TLC triterpenoid obtained 7 stains, and the results obtained steroids 8 TLC stains.

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In-Vitro Screenings for Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Water Extract from Theobroma cacao L. Pod Husk: Potential Utilization in Foods

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6915

Author(s):

Mustanir Yahya ◽

Binawati Ginting ◽

Nurdin Saidi

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Water Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cocoa Pod Husk ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Increasing production of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) leads to a higher environmental burden due to its solid waste generation. Cocoa pod husk, one of the major solid wastes of cocoa production, contains rich bioactive compounds unveiling its valorization potential. With that in mind, our research aimed to explore the biological and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from cocoa pod husks. In this present work, cocoa pod husk was extracted using water and subsequentially partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial investigation revealed that the ethyl acetate solubles were active against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, where at a 20% w/v concentration, the inhibition diameters were 6.62 ± 0.10, 6.52 ± 0.02, and 11.72 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The extracts were found non-toxic proven by brine shrimp lethality tests against Artemia salina with LC50 scores ranging from 74.1 to 19,054.6 μg/mL. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were obtained in the range of 47.44 to 570.44 mg/g GAE and 1.96 to 4.34 mg/g QE, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the obtained extracts were revealed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay with EC50 reached as low as 9.61 μg/mL by the ethyl acetate soluble. Phytochemical screening based on gas chromatography—mass spectroscopy analysis on the sample with the highest antioxidant activities revealed the dominant presence of three phytosterols, namely gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol.

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Uji Toksisitas dan Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Petroleum Eter Etil Asetat dan Air Tepung Gabah Pelepah Aren (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal MIPA ◽

10.35799/jmuo.9.1.2020.26956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Meiske Sangi ◽

Julius Pontoh

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Negative Conclusion

Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji toksisitas tepung pelepah aren yang diawali dengan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol kemudian difraksinasi dengan petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air. Masing-masing ekstrak dilakukan uji toksisitas dan uji fitokimia. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian toksisitas adalah Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) dengan menggunakan larva udang jenis Artemia salina Leach sebagai bioindikator dan uji fitokimia. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etil asetat tepung pelepah aren adalah bersifat sangat toksik dengan nilai LC50 < 1000 ppm (7,76 ppm) yang diikuti oleh ekstrak petroleum eter 10,69 ppm kemudian ekstrak etanol 15,81 ppm dan terakhir ekstrak air 26,92 ppm. Hasil uji fitokimia tepung pelepah aren mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air, triterpenoid hanya pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter dan etil asetat sedangkan ekstrak air negatif. Selanjutnya tanin yang positif adalah ekstrak etanol, etil asetat dan air sedangkan petroleum eter negatif. Kesimpulan tepung pelepah aren toksik terhadap larva udang artemia salina Leach dan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, triterpenoid dan taninThe purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of Aren’s midrib flour that was preceded by maceration with ethanol solvent then concentrated and fractionated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water. Each extract was tested for toxicity and phytochemical testing. The method used for toxicity testing is the Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) by using artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae as bioindicators and phytochemical tests. The results of the toxicity test of the ethyl acetate extract of aren’s midrib flour are very toxic with LC50 value <1000 ppm (7.76 ppm) followed by petroleum ether extract 10.69 ppm then ethanol extract 15.81 ppm and finally water extract 26.92 ppm. The results of phytochemical tests of aren’s midrib flour contain several secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids in ethanol extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water, triterpenoids only in ethanol extract, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate while negative water extracts. Furthermore, for tannins that are positive are ethanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts while petroleum ether is negative. Conclusion Aren’s midrib flour is toxic to the larvae of shrimp artemia salina Leach and contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, triterpenoids and tannins

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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT INFUSA DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata) PADA LARVA Artemia salina MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST

Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ) ◽

10.35799/pmj.3.1.2020.28960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Arinta Mayang ◽

Bilal S A Santoso

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Negative Control ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Chemical Contents

ABSTRACTAnnona muricata is a family of Annonaceae that has been known as a medicinal plant. Sirsakleaves contain alkaloids, tannins, and several other chemical contents including acetogenin.The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the infusion of Sirsak leaves onthe Artemia salina larvae by the Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This experimentalstudy used 5 treatment concentrations (10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 1000mg/L) and 1 negative control. All treatments were repeated 3 times. The number of Artemiasalina larvae used for each concentration was 10 larvae. The number of dead larvae wascounted after 24 hours of treatment. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 value of Sirsak leafinfusion was 38,73 mg/L. The conclusion of this research is the infusion of Sirsak leaves istoxic.Keywords: Sirsak leaves, toxicity, BSLTABSTRAKSirsak (Annona muricata) adalah keluarga Annonaceae yang telah dikenal sebagai tanamanobat. Daun Sirsak mengandung alkaloid, tanin, dan beberapa kandungan kimia lainnya termasukacetogenin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan toksisitas akut dari infusdaun Sirsak pada larva Artemia salina dengan metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT).Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan 5 konsentrasi perlakuan (10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L,500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L) dan 1 kontrol negatif. Semua perawatan diulang 3 kali. Jumlah larvaArtemia salina yang digunakan untuk setiap konsentrasi adalah 10 larva. Jumlah larva matidihitung setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Berdasarkan analisis probit, nilai LC50 infus daun Sirsakadalah 38,73 mg/L. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah infus daun Sirsak bersifat toksik.Kata kunci: daun sirsak, toksisitas, BSLT

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Antiproliferative activity of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaf extracts

10.31219/osf.io/q2akc ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ratna Puspita ◽

Maria Bintang ◽

Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Antiproliferative Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Lc50 Value

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) belongs to the Sapindaceae family. We examined the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extracts against cancer-derived cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of longan leaf. Cytotoxicity test is against brine shrimps that were screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Antiproliferative activity assay on WEHI-164 cells (mouse fibrosarcoma cancer cell), THP-1 cells (human peripheral blood acute monocyte cell), and Vero cells (non-cancer or normal cell) that was conducted using a hemocytometer with Trypan Blue Dye exclusion. The 50% lethality concentration (LC50) value of water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 854.64, 305.81, 446.55, 1313.44, and 1621.8 μg/ml. Ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic due to the lowest LC50 value. The ethanol extract was then used for further examination. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved 44.93% by 600 μg/ml ethanol extract on WEHI-164 and 57.45% by 500 μg/ml ethanol extract on THP-1. It was significantly equal to doxorubicin antiproliferative activity. Ethanol extract dose had a low effect on Vero cells. This present study confirmed that the longan leaf ethanol extract possesses marked antiproliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines.

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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR KB (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K.Heyne) DENGAN METODE Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.61 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Risa Supriningrum ◽

Sapri Sapri ◽

Vici Ali Pranamala

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Negative Control ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Test Results ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Lc50 Value

The roots of KB plants (Captosapelta tomentisa) is used empiricallyby Dayak Kenyah community as a drug leukorrhea. Leukorrhea is one of the early symptoms of cervical cancer. Early methods to determine the LC50 value or toxicity of anticancer KB roots have not been reported. The aim of research is to determine the value of the toxicity of KB root. Research was conducted by an experimental study. Research stages include sample processing, extraction and acute toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). BSLT testing to determine LC50 values with a concentration of 250 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 450 ppm and a negative control. Analysis of the data used are probit analysis method. The results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in of the ethanol extract of KB root . The test results obtained acute toxicity LC50 value is 299.226 mg / ml, so that the ethanol extract of roots KB potentially toxic to the larvae of Artemia salina Leach.

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Aktivitas larvasida fraksi metanol dan etil asetat buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti

BIOMA Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.26877/bioma.v10i1.5595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Diah Wulandari Rousdy ◽

Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning Wardoyo ◽

Siti Ifadatin

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Cayratia Trifolia

ABSTRAKAedes aegypti merupakan serangga vektor dari virus Dengue penyebab Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Kandungan senyawa dalam tumbuhan lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida. Buah lakum dimaserasi dengan pelarut methanol kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Fraksi diteliti kandungan senyawanya menggunakan analisis fitokimia. Uji larvasida diamati selama 48 jam terdiri dari tujuh konsentrasi berseri yaitu kontrol; 0,04; 0,12; 0,2; 0,6; 1; 3% (b/v). Setiap konsentrasi diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Fraksi metanol buah lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,125%. Fraksi etil asetat buah lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,102%. Buah lakum mengandung senyawa: polifenol, kuinon, flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin; larvasida; LC50 ABSTRACTLarvacidal activity of methanol and ethyl acetate fraction of lakum fruits (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Aedes aegypti is a vector from the Dengue virus which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The compounds of lakum plants has the potential larvicide. The fruit of C. trifolia was macerated with methanol then fractionated using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The fraction was examined for its compound using phytochemical analysis. Larvacide test was observed for 48 hours consisting of seven concentration of 0 (control); 0.04; 0.12; 0.2; 0.6; 1; 3% (w/v). Each concentration was repeated 3 times and each repetition consisted of 10 larvae of Ae. aegypti. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 of the fraction of methanol and ethyl acetate from lakum fruit. The methanol fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.125%. The ethyl acetate fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.102%. The C. trifolia fruits contains polyphenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.; larvacide, LC50

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THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF KERSEN(muntingia calabura linn.) LEAVES USING THE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) METHOD

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.24815/jn.v16i2.5124 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Irma Sari ◽

Titania Miranda ◽

Sadli Sadli

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Extractive Content ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Muntingia Calabura

The cytotoxic activity experiment of n-hexane extract of kersen (Muntingia calabura Linn.) leaves has been carried out using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The purpose of this research is to identify the secondary metabolites, extract characterize, and determine the LC50 value of the extract against larvae shrimp Artemia salina Leach. Screening result showed that n-hexane extract of kersen leaves contain triterpenoid. Extract characterization showed the results water content of 2.59±0.18 %w/w, water soluble extractive content of 1.9%±0.19 %w/w, the ethanol soluble extractive content of 17.41±1,87 %w/w and total ash value 0.25% w/w. Extract showed LC50 value is 278,72 ppm were calculated by probit analysis. The LC50 value indicated that the n-hexane extract of kersen leaves potentially has cytotoxic activity.

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