scholarly journals Digestibility and nutrient absorption in broiler chickens when replacing feed antibiotics in mixed feed with safe growth promoters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shatskikh ◽  
Alyona Nufer ◽  
Olga Neverova ◽  
Danis Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Growth Promoters

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Supplementation with Antimicrobial Agents on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus Counts, and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa S. Diarra ◽  
Fred G. Silversides ◽  
Fatoumata Diarrassouba ◽  
Jane Pritchard ◽  
Luke Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT The effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. All isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and sulfonamides (42%) was most frequent. The levels of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were 33.5, 35.5, and 25.3%, respectively. The overall resistance levels decreased from day 7 to day 35 (P < 0.001). Comparing treatments, the levels of resistance to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and gentamicin (except for resistance to bacitracin treatment) were significantly higher in isolates from chickens receiving feed supplemented with salinomycin than from the other feeds (P < 0.001). Using a DNA microarray analysis capable of detecting commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, we characterized 104 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from 7- to 28-day-old chickens fed different growth promoters. Results showed a decrease in the incidence of isolates harboring tet(B), bla TEM, sulI, and aadA and class 1 integron from days 7 to 35 (P < 0.01). Of the 84 tetracycline-ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 76 (90.5%) were positive for bla CMY-2. The proportions of isolates positive for sulI, aadA, and integron class 1 were significantly higher in salinomycin-treated chickens than in the control or other treatment groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates can be found in broiler chickens regardless of the antimicrobial growth promoters used. However, the phenotype and the distribution of resistance determinants in E. coli can be modulated by feed supplementation with some of the antimicrobial agents used in broiler chicken production.

Effects of butyric acid, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and avilamycin on performance and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
S N Mousavi ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
N Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Public Scrutiny

The subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animals has been under scientific and public scrutiny as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been linked to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which poses a threat to human health (Smith et al., 2003). Short chain fatty acids such as butyrate are considered as potential alternative to AGP, In addition to its bactericidal activity; butyrate appears to play a role in development of the intestinal epithelium (Leeson 2005). Prebiotics (e.g. mannanoligosaccharides, MOS) are nondigestible feed ingredients that can selectively stimulate growth or metabolic activity of a limited number of intestinal microorganisms (Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995). This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate effectiveness of mannanoligosaccharides and butyric acid as potential alternatives to AGP in broilers.

scholarly journals Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Richards ◽  
Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Karishma Asiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Key Species

ABSTRACTImprovements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundance ofLactobacillusspp. Increased levels ofL. johnsoniiin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofL. crispatuswas linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal IL-17A gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10 and IL-17F. Quantification of the autochthonousLactobacillusssp. revealed a correlation between bird performance andL. johnsoniiabundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of keyLactobacillusspp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations whilst mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production, which can be incorporated in the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigates the key mechanisms behind this progression and pin pointsL. johnsoniias a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. It also relates the role of the innate immune system in the response to the GOS diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Threonine and the Bioactive Component of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on the Productive Performance of the Broiler Cobb 500

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Encalada Álvarez ◽  
P. Toalombo Vargas ◽  
C. Vimos Abarca ◽  
J. Trujillo Villacís ◽  
L. Silva Deley
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study was conducted in Chimborazo province, Riobamba Canton to evaluate the effect of threonine and the bioactive component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the productive performance of the broiler Cobb 500. A total of 270 one-day-old broiler chicken of both sexes were included, which corresponded to an experimental unit size of 15 birds. Two growth promoters were used for the treatments -- T1: Threonine (aminoacid) 200 g/Tn; and T2: bioactive oligosaccharides, obtained from the cell wall of selected strains of S. Cerevisiae (probiotic) 750 g/Tn. These were compared to a control group. The data were analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ADEVA). The separation of means was performed using the Tukey statistic at a level of significance of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. The data were processed using the Infostat software version 2010. The results showed that the best productive yields were with treatment 2; the values for this treatment were: weight at 28 days: 1369.42 g; weight gain at 28 days: 48.90 g; food conversion at 28 days: 1.39 points; carcass weight: 2527.05 g; and yield to the carcass: 83.85%. Through the economic analysis, it was determined that the highest cost-benefit index was 1.30 USD with the application of T2. So according to the results, a better use of the nutrients that are present in the feed is achieved when bioactive components of S. cerevisiae are supplied in the diet of broiler chickens. Keywords: Threonine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, productive performance, broiler, Cobb 500. RESUMEN Se realizó un experimento en la provincia de Chimborazo, Cantón Riobamba, para evaluar los efectos de treonina y componentes bioactivos de Saccharomyces cerevisiae sobre el comportamiento productivo en aves Cobb 500. Se utilizaron 270 pollitos mixtos Cobb 500 de un día de edad de ambos sexos, con un tamaño de unidad experimental de 15 aves. Para los tratamientos se manejaron dos promotores de crecimiento, T1: Treonina (aminoácido) 200 g/Tn y T2: Oligosacáridos bioactivos, obtenidos a partir de la pared celular de cepas seleccionadas de S. Cerevisiae750 g/Tn; frente a un testigo (T0). Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a Análisis de Varianza (ADEVA); la separación de medias se realizó mediante el estadístico Tukey a un nivel de significancia (p < 0,05) y (p < 0,01); los datos se procesaron mediante el software Infostat versión 2010. Los resultados muestran los mejores rendimientos productivos con el Tratamiento 2, para los parámetros: peso a los 28 días 1369,42 g; ganancia de peso a los 28 días 48,90 g; y conversión alimenticia a los 28 días con 1,39 puntos; así como peso a la canal 2527,05 g; y rendimiento a la canal 83,85%. Mediante el análisis económico se determinó que el mayor índice beneficio costo fue de 1,30 USD con la aplicación del T2. Lo que brinda un indicativo que mediante el suministro de componentes bioactivos de S. cerevisiae en la dieta de pollos broiler, se logra un mejor aprovechamiento de los nutrientes que se encuentran presentes en el alimento, lo que se refleja en los parámetros productivos. Palabras clave: treonina, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, comportamiento productivo, broilers, Cobb 500.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CHIVES AND GINGER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND HEALTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Vu Hai ◽  
Pham Hoang Son Hung ◽  
Ho Thi Dung ◽  
Le Minh Đuc ◽  
Đinh Thi Thuy Khuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of ethanol extracts of chive (CE) and ginger (GE), and their combination (CG) in diets of broiler chickens on their growth, health performance and economic efficiency. Totally 180 male Egyptian broilers from one-day age were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments consisting of 3 replicates of 10 chicks each, of which in the diet of the control group (CT) neither ginger nor chive preparation were introduced, meanwhile the diets of birds in the 5 trial groups (CE1, CE2, GE1, GE2 and CG) were supplemented with 0.5% CE, 1% CE, 0.5% GE, 1% GE and 0.5% CE plus 0.5% GE preparations, respectively. In general, supplementation of CE and GE did not significantly affect feed consumption, mortality, performance efficiency index (PEI), and respiratory syndrome in chickens. However, the herb extract preparations could reduce the incidence of diarrhea in broiler chickens during five to-ten-week age periods. Microscopic examination of small intestinal mucosa showed that the heights of villi and the depths of crypts of chicks in the CE2 treatment as well as the diameters of villi of chicks in the CG treatment were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the others. In general, supplementation of 1% CE and the combination of 0.5% CE and 0.5% GE preparations improved the growth performance of broilers, and the combination can be an alternative to antibiotics as growth promoters in feeding chicken.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on hematobiochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. Elkomy ◽  
Enas Farag ◽  
Elshahat I. Elgharbawy ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Total Lipid ◽  
Immunological Alterations

A total of 100 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were used to study the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on some hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Chicks were divided into four equal groups, 25 each. The first group was kept as control; the 2nd group was received 0.5 g of lincomycin per liter; the 3rd group was received 100 mg bacitracin per liter and the 4th group was administered both lincomycin and bacitracin, each at the above-mentioned dose. Drugs were given in drinking water for 5 successive days from 20th to 25th day of age. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the experiment and at 1st-day post administration where body performance was recorded. One day post administration, blood samples were collected for estimation of hematobiochemical and immunological alterations. The obtained results revealed that broiler chicks administered lincomycin or bacitracin or both revealed a marked increase in bodyweight, weight gain, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, α, β and γ globulin. Furthermore, a significant elevation in malondialdehyde associated with a marked reduction in albumin-globulin ratio, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase, were recorded, compared with the control group. In conclusion, lincomycin and bacitracin either alone or in combination have positive impacts on growth performance, immunological and hematobiochemical parameters of broiler chickens. So, it is recommended to use both drugs as growth promoters in broiler chickens.   

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