scholarly journals RECLAMATION OF MARGINAL LANDS USING RARE ENERGY CROPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Kulyk ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Dʼomin ◽  
Іlona Rozhkо ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Growing Conditions

The purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of the species of energy crops on biomass yields and the possibility of their involvement in the reclamation of contaminated areas. This is especially important from the point of view of the rational use of land for energy crops cultivation. Methodology. The research object is the processes of growth and development of plants, the peculiarities of the yield formation of energy crops biomass depending on the species traits and growing conditions. The research subject is the following energy crops: Big Bluestem, Indiangrass and Columbus Grass as well as the plant biometric indicators, biomass yield and energy efficiency of biomass production of energy crops (2016-2020). The results of research showed the variability of biometric parameters of energy crops. Over the research years, the dry biomass yield of Indiangrass was 8.9 t/ha in the first year, 10.1 t/ha in the second year and 14.9 t/ha in the third year, Big Bluestem – varied within 4.4–9.3 t/ha. Columbus Grass dry biomass increased from 11.4 t/ha (1st year) to 14.9 t/ha (2nd year) to 18.0 t/ha (3rd year). The developed model for the creation of artificial phytocenoses will allow land reclamation using energy crops based on agroecological monitoring and justification when growing energy crops. Perennial cultivation of Columbus Grass and Indiangrass provided the highest coefficient of energy efficiency (at a level or more than 3.0), which is typical for average efficiency of biomass production. Therefore, Indiangrass and Columbus Grass are recommended to be grown in order to reclaim marginal lands and obtain sustainable plant raw materials. Big Bluestem is recommended to be grown only as a companion crop of stand of grass. Furthermore, energy crops must be cultivated on the basis of ecological and adaptive technology elements, taking into account the defined territorial conditions. For the conditions of Ukraine, this complex will make it possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment as well as to obtain the stable yields of various biomass for its further processing and energy conversion.

Efficiency of Using Biomass from Energy Crops for Sustainable Bioenergy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Maksym KULYK ◽  
Oleksandrr KALYNYCHENKO ◽  
Natalia PRYSHLIAK ◽  
Viktor PRYSHLIAK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Dry Biomass

The need to study energy crops as an alternative source of energy for providing the population and rural development is justified in the article. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: laboratory – to determine the moisture content in the phytomass, field – to determine the quantitative indicators of plants and biomass productivity, special – to determine the energy and economic efficiency of biomass production. Features of yield formation and yield of dry biomass of energy crops by quantitative indices of plants were determined. The economic and energy efficiency of biomass production, as well as the output of solid biofuel, its energy intensity and energy output have been calculated. A logistic scheme for biomass cultivation including the use and supply of biomass from biomass energy crops (from producer to consumer) has been developed. It has been found that switchgrass and giant miscanthus of the third to fifth year of vegetation form a high yield of dry biomass (up to 15.2 and 18.8 t / ha, respectively) with a maximum level of production profitability - up to 108.6% and 128.1%, provide high indicators of biofuel output (up to 18.2 and 24.0 t / ha) and energy (up to 313.0 and 396.0 GJ / ha) with an average level of energy efficiency coefficient (Kee> 4.5).

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

scholarly journals Crithmum maritimum L.: First Results on Phenological Development and Biomass Production in Mediterranean Areas

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Stefano Zenobi ◽  
Marco Fiorentini ◽  
Silvia Zitti ◽  
Lucia Aquilanti ◽  
Roberta Foligni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
First Results ◽  
And Control

In Mediterranean cropping systems, it is important to utilise marginal lands for the cultivation of native food crops. Previous research on Crithmum maritimum L., a species native to southern Europe, has focused on its alimentary and chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of irrigation and fertigation systems on C. maritimum in Mediterranean cropping systems. We planted C. maritimum seeds in an organic farm in Italy, and we carried out three experiments (fertigation, irrigation, and control) with three replications each. We evaluated plant phenological development and biomass production. We found that these treatments significantly influenced plant phenology and biomass parameters. Even with low irrigation and fertigation, this species showed a significant difference in the Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, CHemischeIndustrie (BBCH) phase at harvest: in fact, there were 39 and 35 leaves on the main stem in the irrigation and fertigation treatments, respectively, while there were 29 leaves on the main stem in the rainfed unfertilised control. Biomass production also showed the same significant difference: 1.8 and 2.0 t ha−1 of total dry biomass in the irrigation and fertigation treatments, respectively, and 1.2 t ha−1 of total dry biomass in the rainfed unfertilised control. In conclusion, we recommend the use of C. maritimum for food production in Mediterranean organic cropping systems.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF GROWING ENERGY CROPS AND THEIR PROCESSING INTO BIOFUELS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING ENERGY AUTONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Grygorii KALETNIK ◽  
Dina TOKARCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
The State ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
State Register ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Energy Autonomy

The article substantiates that the lack of a single interpretation of the concept of «energy crops» leads to difficulties in approaches to state incentives for the development of their production. It is determined that domestic scientists understand energy crops as a rule, as crops, grown for the use exclusively for energy purposes (willow, poplar, miscanthus, switchgrass, etc.). The classification of bioenergy crops by such features as: growing cycle, type, characteristics and the final product obtained, origin is considered. It has been proved that growing of energy crops will have a positive effect for the economy (improving the state balance of payments, reducing energy costs, economic growth) and the environment (decarbonization, reducing emissions, land reclamation, etc.). The characteristics of energy crops in relation to growing conditions are given and a review of plant varieties for bioenergy use from the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2021 is made. The peculiarities of the technology of growing giant miscanthus, energy willow and poplar are considered; economic calculations of efficiency of cultivation of miscanthus on one hectare are resulted. The experience in growing energy crops by the Yaltushkivka Research and Breeding Station, where miscanthus and energy willow plantations were laid in 2017 and the crops are used for self-sufficiency in energy resources, is analyzed. Options for growing and further use of energy crops as fuel, including the sale of energy crops and biofuels based on them, as well as use for energy autonomy (direct combustion or production of pellets / briquettes with their further use within the enterprise) is considered. The choice of the most economically viable option depends on the specific conditions of the agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals Effects of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation on Yield and Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Mojid ◽  
G C L Wyseure ◽  
S K Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Due to increasing scarcity of fresh water, use of unconventional water source (e.g., wastewater) in irrigation has now become important. However, inclusive information on the effects of wastewater on crop production and soil health is necessary for such intervention. This study was designed to evaluate these effects by demonstrating the contribution of municipal wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) on yield and nutrient requirement of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cv Shatabdi. Five irrigation treatments - I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5  were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during November-March of 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University,  Mymensingh. The treatments I2-I5 consisted of blended wastewater and I1 of fresh water (control). The ratio of wastewater to total irrigation water was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 in I2, I3, I4 and I5, respectively. Wheat was cultivated with three irrigations and recommended doses of fertilizer in three consecutive years. Wastewater contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) @ 17.5, 3.7 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively, and irrigation by raw wastewater (I5) contributed 19.1, 15.1 and 21.7% of the recommended N, P and K, respectively. Biomass yield increased with increasing fraction of wastewater in irrigation. Grain yield increased for the wastewater fraction of 0.50 - 0.75 in irrigation but decreased when irrigation was applied by raw wastewater. Excess fertilizer (under I5) boosted up growth of wheat, but did not contribute to the grain yield. Number of grains per spike; and grain, straw and biological yields significantly (p = 0.05) increased due to the contribution of wastewater. Wastewater significantly improved grain and biomass production, with the largest value obtained in I4 (4.61 t/ha grain yield and 11.36 t/ha biomass yield).  Raw wastewater in combination with recommended fertilizer doses caused over-fertilization that contributed only in biomass production but not in grain production of wheat and irrigation by wastewater substantially reduced fertilizer requirement of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 01-14

scholarly journals Effects of vitamins, temperature and pH on the biomass production by ectomycorrhizal fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pokojska ◽  
Maria Kampert ◽  
Henryk Różycki ◽  
Edmund Strzelczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Suillus Bovinus ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme ◽  
Pisolithus Arhizus ◽  
Three Factor

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of vitamins, temperature and pH on the biomass production by ectomycorrhizal fungi: <i>Laccuria bicolor, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Suillus bovinus</i> and <i>Pisolithus arhizus</i>. Responses of particular organisms were different Three-factor ANOVA which enables the comparison of the effect of experimental factors on biomass yield has shown that the pH of the medium had a stronger effect on <i>L. bicolor, H. crustuliniforme</i> and <i>S. bovinus</i> than vitamins. Temperature was the factor exerting the strongest effect on the growth of <i>P. tinctorius</i>.

scholarly journals Biomass Production of Root and Shoot of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. by Liquid and Solid Ms Medium with Plant Growth Hormone IBA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamzah Solim ◽  
Y. S. Wulan Manuhara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Dry Biomass

Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia which has benefits such as for vitality and maintain blood circulation. The aim of this research is to obtain biomass production of root and shoot of T. paniculatum Gaertn. by liquid and solid MS medium with IBA. This research conducted to provide biomass as raw material for secondary metabolites test. Stems as explant were induced with four treatments (liquid MS, solid MS, liquid MS + 2 ppm IBA and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA) with five repetitions. Observation did for 28 days. The parameters are the percentage of explants which formed the root and shoot, morphology, fresh and dry biomass. Result shows that percentage of root and shoot have 100% in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot in solid MS + 2 ppm IBA higher than the others. This research found callus in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Morphology of root in liquid MS has thin and friable, but thick in solid MS. Shoot in solid and liquid MS has thin, short and sturdy.

scholarly journals Effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties on plant morphology, sorghum grain yield, forage yield and quality in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Rahel Kahsay ◽  
Yeshambelm Ekuriaw ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Grain

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with 3 selected early-maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties (Teshale, Girana-1 and Misikir) on plant morphology, sorghum grain and forage yield and quality plus yield and quality of lablab forage, and to assess farmers’ perceptions of the crops in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Seven treatments, namely: T1 - sole lablab (SL); T2 - Teshale + lablab (TL); T3 - Girana-1 + lablab (GL); T4 - Misikir + lablab (ML); T5 - sole Teshale (ST); T6 - sole Girana-1 (SG); and T7 - sole Misikir (SM), were used with 3 replications in a randomized complete block design. The data collected from sorghum varieties were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, dry biomass yield and grain yield; and for lablab was: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant and dry biomass yield. Grain yield was determined on sorghum at maturity, while lablab was harvested at 50% flowering. Inter-cropped Girana-1 produced yields of both grain and stover and lablab forage similar to those for pure stands of the 2 crops, while inter-cropping of Teshale and Misikir with lablab reduced height, grain and stover yields of sorghum and yields of lablab forage (P<0.05). However, crude protein concentration in sorghum stover was enhanced when grown as an inter-crop with lablab (P<0.05). Land equivalent ratios for inter-crop treatments were 54‒87% higher than those for pure stands. Farmers readily identified the combination Girana-1 + lablab as superior to the other associations. While farmers can improve productivity of their farms by inter-cropping these sorghum varieties, preferably Girana-1, with lablab, more studies should be conducted to determine benefits from sowing other legumes with sorghum. Any improvements in soil N levels from planting the legumes should be quantified.

The Energy Efficiency Of Willow Biomass Production In Poland – A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Szczukowski ◽  
Józef Tworkowski ◽  
Mariusz J. Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The University

Abstract Field experiments with willow (Salix L.) coppice cultivation and Eko-Salix systems have been conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury since 1992. In that wider context, the aim of the work described here was to compare energy inputs involved in setting up a plantation and producing biomass, and to assess the efficiency of willow-chips production under the coppice and Eko-Salix systems. The energy gain determined in the experiments was several to more than twenty times as great as the inputs needed to operate the plantation and to harvest willow biomass, this leaving both systems of willow cultivation under study attractive where setting up short-rotation coppices is concerned.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Some Associated Weeds of Wheat on Germinability and Biomass Production of Wheat Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
U. NAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT: Weeds associated with crops may impose their phytotoxic effects on crop plants through the release of their allelochemicals and hence seriously reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of water soluble phenolics of weeds associated with wheat crop (Vicia sativa, Trigonella polycerata, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha, Melilotus indica) on germinability and biomass production of wheat seedlings by using their water extracts at 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) concentrations and residues of the same weeds with 0, 15 and 30 d decomposition periods at 2% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that the water extracts of M. indica and V. sativa at 5% concentration imposed the most inhibitory effect on energy of germination (81%) and prolonged time to 50% germination (226%), respectively; by contrast, T. polycerata and M. indica extracts at the same concentration inhibited shoot (8%) and root fresh biomass (64%). However, shoot dry biomass was exalted by the weed extracts at both concentrations with maximum increase (29%) caused by the M.indica extract at 2.5% concentration; however, root dry biomass (46%) and root/shoot ratio (51%) were decreased by M. polymorpha and M. indica extracts at 5% concentration, respectively. Residues of L. aphaca and M. polymorpha with a 30 d decomposition period proved the most toxic regarding energy of emergence (85%) and time to 50% emergence (138%), respectively; while, shoot fresh (41%) and dry biomass (26%) production were hindered mostly by M. indica and M. polymorpha residues with a 30 d decomposition period. There was the highest decrease in root fresh (64%) and dry biomass (64%), and root/shoot ratio (64%) when treatment was performed with V. sativa residues without decomposition. The results show that leachates and residues of weeds inhibit wheat germinability and biomass production through release of allelochemicals, and they are a threat to profitable crop production.

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