scholarly journals Impact of organic or conventional cultivation and drying method on phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamin C contents in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-372
Author(s):  
Christophe Dabiré ◽  
Abdoulaye Sérémé ◽  
Abdoudramane Sanou ◽  
Virginie Marie Dakéné ◽  
W. D. B. Aimée Guissou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

Nowadays, organic foods are recognized for having a better nutritional quality than those from conventional agriculture, which explains the growing demand for organic vegetables. For the present research, three tomato cultivars, Mongal F1, Roma VF and F1 Cobra 26 were grown using conventional and organic methods, to assess the impact of cultivation practices and drying method on the micronutrient content of these cultivars. Samples were compared for micronutrient content of lycopene, β-carotene, flavonoids, vitamin C and total content of phenolic compounds using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results show a high antioxidant activity (5901.338 mmol TE/100g and 6020.545 mmol TE/100g) and a high content of total polyphenols (1595.046 mg EAG/100g DM) for organic growing. The average contents of flavonoids (121.572 mg/100g DM and 129.053 mg/100g DM), β-carotene (39.618 mg/100g DM and 39.751 mg/100g DM), lycopene (169.739 mg/100g DM and 168.894 mg/100g DM) and vitamin C (301.995 mg/100g and 268.252 mg/100g DM) in tomatoes from organic and conventional cultivation show no statistically significant difference. After drying, results report an increase of 188.88% of Flavonoids content (from 62.413 ± 47.285 for mashed tomato to 180.304 ± 72.152 for dried Tomato); a decrease of 34.60%, 27.18% and 47.95% respectively for β-carotene content (from 47.388 ± 1.615 mg /100g DM for mashed tomato to 30.988 ± 0.767 mg /100g DM for dried tomato), lycopene content (from 188.085 ± 7.100 mg/100g DM for mashed tomato to 136.955 ± 2.810mg/100g DM for tomato dried) and vitamin C content (from 385.686 ± 37.825 mg/100g for mashed tomato to 200.743 ± 14.181mg/100g DM for dried tomato). There is variability in the micronutrient content depending on the variety of tomato, the cultivation practice and the processing technique used. Organic cultivation practice improves the micronutrient content. Using gas dryers for drying has the most detrimental effects on the micronutrient content.

scholarly journals The Effect of Differentiated Nutrition on the Content of Antioxidants in Broccoli

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Anton Uher ◽  
Miroslav Šlosár ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of this work is to determine the impact of differentiated nutrition, using different rates of nitrogen and sulphur, on the level of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E1 (α-tocopherol), vitamin C and β-carotene in the broccoli rosette. The experimental broccoli variety was Tiburon F1. It is a strong medium-late variety with a vegetation period of 82 days. In the 3-year field trial we observed the effects of different rates of nitrogen and sulphur on the amount of antioxidant compounds in broccoli. The experiment consisted of four fertilisation treatments: 1) unfertilised control, 2) fertilised with 200 kg N.ha−1, 3) also fertilized with 200 kg N.ha−1 and supplemented with 50 kg S.ha−1, 4) 200 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg S.ha−1 was applied. To determine the amount of β-carotene and vitamin E1, the slightly modified method of Olives Barb et al. (2006) was used. The vitamin C content was determined by titration. Nitrogen nutrition has a significant impact not only on the amount of harvested broccoli, but also on the content of β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E1. The average content of β-carotene for the entire experimental period ranged from 24.84 mg.kg−1 to 30.13 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. The content of β-carotene in broccoli rosettes increased as per the following order of treatments: control > N:S (200:50 kg.ha−1) > N:S (200:60 kg.ha−1) > N (kg.ha−1). The β-carotene content increased significantly only in treatment 2 (30.13 mg.kg−1) as compared to all the other treatments. The level of vitamin C revealed the significant effect of fertilisation in all the treatments (567.9–614.2 mg.kg−1) in contrast to the control variant (528.4 mg.kg−1). What is more, in treatment 4 the content of vitamin C increased significantly in contrast to fertilised treatments 2 and 3. The average content of vitamin E1 ranged from 4.33 mg.kg−1 to 4.88 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. There were no significant differences among the untreated control and fertilised treatments 2 and 3. The only significant decrease in the content of vitamin E1 was detected in treatment 4 as against the unfertilised treatment 1.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars in natura and after thermal processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e44991110192
Author(s):  
Angela Vacaro de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Marques de Mello ◽  
Vitória Ferreira da Silva Fávaro ◽  
Victória Farias da Silva ◽  
Diogo de Lucca Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of processing by cooking in natura fruits on the content of bioactive compounds - vitamin C and ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins, lycopene and β-carotene - and on antioxidant activity - DPPH and FRAP - of 9 varieties of commercial and non-commercial tomatoes. The fruits were harvested when they reached the point of physiological maturation, selected and evaluated in natura, and after grinding and cooking for 30 minutes. At the end of the experiment it was found that all bioactive compounds analyzed showed quantitative reductions when the fruits were processed, with cherry cultivars - 7, 8 and 9 - those that showed superior results compared to different bioactive compounds evaluated, proving to be interesting to be better explored. Regarding the antioxidant activities, the processed fruits of these cultivars showed less losses showing potential to be submitted to processing.

scholarly journals Impact of the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic on the Consumption of Multivitamins (C, D and Zinc) by the Saudi Arabian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Duaa Mohamed Bakhshwin ◽  
Abdulaziz Bakhshwin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
World Health ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zinc Supplements ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
The Impact

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the Coronavirus outbreak officially as a pandemic. This pandemic has led to new measurements to prevent viral spread. The measures included decreasing the person’s mobility outside homes with subsequent changes in the lifestyles, particularly in physical activity and eating habits. It has been noticed that consumption of some vitamins may help in preventing or reducing the symptoms of viral infection. Those vitamins include vitamin C, D and zinc. There is a common observation that the general public believes that the use of vitamins, especially vitamins C, D and zinc, reduces the chance of acquiring COVID-19. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on taking vitamins supplements by the Saudi general population in order to explore their believes regarding the protective value of these vitamins against COVID-19 infection. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire that was designed, uploaded to the Google form and distributed online to the general Saudi population through the social media (Whatsapp, Twitter) as well as through email between August and December 2020. Statistical Packaged of Social Sciences program (SPSS) for Windows (version 17.0., Chicago: SPSS Inc) was used to analyze the data. A significant difference was considered when the p value is < 0.05. Student t-test and Chi-square (χ2) test were used to compare the studied variables as appropriate. Results: A total of 1043 participants were included in this study (64.9% females, 35.1% males). The mean age for them was 35.3±14.78 years. Only 9.3% (97 participants) were diagnosed to have COVID-19. About 28% of the participants were in contact with COVID-19 cases. Among participants diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection, (13% versus 29%) were taking vitamin C and (2% versus 15%) were taking zinc supplements daily during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively, while (20% versus 25%) were taking vitamin D supplements weekly during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively. Among participants who were in contact with COVID-19 cases, (8% versus 20%) and (3% versus 11%) were taking vitamin C and zinc supplements daily during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively, while (14% versus 16%) were taking vitamin D supplements weekly during the 6 months before and after the pandemic Conclusion: The interest of taking multivitamin by Saudi population, such as vitamins C and D, zinc increased during and after the pandemic compared to that before it. There is no scientific evidence based on previous studies confirmed the role of dietary supplementation and multivitamins in preventing COVID-19 infection, therefore, effective education on the rationale use of vitamins during COVID-19 pandemic should be emphasized at local and/or national levels.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C. Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin H. van het Hof ◽  
Lilian B. M. Tijburg ◽  
K. Pietrzik ◽  
Jan A. Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Green Peas

Carotenoids, folate and vitamin C may contribute to the observed beneficial effects of increased vegetable intake. Currently, knowledge on the bioavailability of these compounds from vegetables is limited. We compared the efficacy of different vegetables, at the same level of intake (i.e. 300 g/d), in increasing plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C and we investigated if disruption of the vegetable matrix would enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. In an incomplete block design, sixty-nine volunteers consumed a control meal without vegetables and three out of four vegetable meals (i.e. broccoli, green peas, whole leaf spinach, chopped spinach; containing between 1·7 and 24·6 mg β-carotene, 3·8 and 26 mg lutein, 0·22 and 0·60 mg folate and 26 and 93 mg vitamin C) or a meal supplemented with synthetic β-carotene (33·3 mg). Meals were consumed for 4 d and fasting blood samples were taken at the end of each period. Consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal did not affect plasma levels of β-carotene, although the β-carotene content was 10-fold those of broccoli and green peas, which induced significant increases in plasma β-carotene levels (28 (95 % CI 6·4, 55) % and 26 (95 % CI 2·6, 54) % respectively). The β-carotene-supplemented meal increased plasma concentrations of β-carotene effectively (517 (95 % CI 409, 648) %). All vegetable meals increased the plasma concentrations of lutein and vitamin C significantly. Broccoli and green peas were, when expressed per mg carotenoid consumed, also more effective sources of lutein than spinach. A significant increase in plasma folate concentration was found only after consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal, which provided the highest level of folate. Disruption of the spinach matrix increased the plasma responses to both lutein (14 (95 % CI 3·7, 25) %) and folate (10 (95 % CI 2·2, 18) %), whereas it did not affect the response to β-carotene. We conclude that the bioavailabilities of β-carotene and lutein vary substantially among different vegetables and that the bioavailabilities of lutein and folate from spinach can be improved by disruption of the vegetable matrix.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Phenolic Waters using the Microalgae Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278
Author(s):  
Jorge Sanchez- Aponte ◽  
Ildefonso Baldiris- Navarro ◽  
Martha Torres- Virviescas ◽  
Carlos Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bioremediation Processes ◽  
Microalgae Growth

In this research, the capacity of biodegradation of phenolic compounds using the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was evaluated, as well as the impact of the contaminant on the growth of the microalgae. The bioassays consisted on three phenol concentrations: 25 mgL/L, 50 mgL/L and 100 mg/L and a control solution. Bioremediation rates of approximately 99% were obtained, showing no significant difference between medium and high concentration bioassays. A good microalgae growth rate was obtained for the tests at low and medium concentration, they were above the control bioassay, but the high concentration bioassay showed an inhibition in the cell growth, this one presented growth below the control bioassay. The use of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in bioremediation processes of phenolic effluents, whose concentrations are below 100 mg/L, is proposed for future research.

scholarly journals Obtaining and characterization of freeze-dried whole taro root (Colocasia esculenta), mucilage and residue as functional food

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana De Brito Maia Miamoto ◽  
Joelma Pereira ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Β Carotene

TTaro root (Colocasia esculenta L.), a starch based plant widely grown for direct consumption, has been produced for more than 2000 years in regions with a tropical climate. In Brazil, it is a crop grown by small producers, using it for direct consumption. Some industries use the tubers for preparation of baby food; however, there is no industrial processing of taro root. It contains high caloric and protein value and has elements such as phosphorus and potassium and B-complex vitamins; moreover, in popular medicine, it has recognized medicinal properties of detoxification, purification, anti-beriberi properties, etc. The purpose of this study was to determine, characterize and obtain whole taro root flour and its subproducts (mucilage and residue from mucilage extraction) by means of physical-chemical analyses, with a view toward discovering its potential qualities as a functional food. The freeze-dried flours of taro root had considerable proximate composition with lipid values below wheat flour. Starch appeared in the three types of taro root flour at significant levels. The nutritional fiber content was on average 50% greater than the daily requirements of an individual. The minerals Zn, Fe and Mn appeared at levels able to meet significant percentages of the daily needs of children, as well as the vitamin C and β-carotene content. Phytochemical compounds, saponins, anthocyanins and polyphenols were present in all the flours. As a result, we concluded that these taro root flours constitute a viable alternative to production of bakery products based on their starch content. Whole taro root flours and their subproducts may be considered as having potential for functional foods due to their vitamin, mineral, protein and phytochemical content, in addition to their expressive quantity of fiber.Key-words: chemical composition of foods, taro root flour, nutritional fiber, vitamin C, β-carotene, phytochemicals.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF IONIZED WATER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GLUTATION AND VITAMIN C DURING ACUTE HYPERTHERMIC EXPOSURE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD SERUM AT WHITE LABORATORY RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
Majlinda Ademi ◽  
Icko Gjorgoski ◽  
Ilbert Ademi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Alkaline water is in the focus of scientific interest over the last decade, due to its ability to alkalize the organism as well as its antioxidant effect. The aim of our research is to determine the impact of ionized water by adding enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione and vitamin C, during hyperthermic stress, on the concentration of total proteins. The experiment performed on a white laboratory Wistar rats, a female sex, weighing 180-220 g, young rats, divided into three groups of 15 individuals. Oxidative stress was caused by acute hyperthermic exposure at 41˚C. The first group is the control group (KPM), the second group is treated with ionized water (TAM), and the third group with ionized water with added glutathione and vitamin C (TAD). The duration of treatment lasted 21 days. Acute hyperthermic exposure caused a significant difference in total protein concentration between the 7th and 14th day taken as the starting points and the 21st day of treatment, respectively, on the day of hyperthermic exposure of rats. Such a significant difference was observed in the KPM and the TAM group (p <0.001), whereas the TAD group is an exception where no statistically significant difference was observed in the same period (p> 0.05). Animals treated with ionized water on day 14 showed a significantly higher total protein concentration (p <0.01) compared to the group receiving only natural water, which is consistent with the finding obtained by comparison between the KPM and TAD group at 21st day where the difference is also statistically significant (p <0.05). The acute application of the treatment with ionized water, without or in combination with other antioxidants, in the absence of hyperthermic stress does not lead to a significant alteration in protein concentration. The hyperthermic exposure intensifies the production of oxygen radicals and the potential for oxidative modification of proteins and molecules with a protein structure. Individual action of ionized water as well as synergism with the added antioxidants caused a high protective effect on oxidative damage. Because of this, the effect of oxidative cleavage is less pronounced in rats treated with ionized water and antioxidants because they have a stronger antioxidant defense that prevents oxidative modification of proteins and all biomolecules in the body.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL NUTRIENT IMPACT ON METABOLITES ACCUMULATION IN KALE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. SABELLICA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
Joyce D. Anteh ◽  
Olga A. Timofeeva ◽  
Antonina A. Mostyakova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Green leafy kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has huge scientific attention because of its health-promoting functionality. In the present study the impact of NPK, energen, biostim and humate on flavonoid, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and soluble sugar in kale was investigated. The mineral nutrients mostly increased but in some cases maintained the studied metabolites. The stimulatory effect of applied mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals analyzed varied with the different combinations of macro and microelements. Lipid peroxidation was minimized in leaves treated with mineral nutrients hence a reduction in MDA levels. Contrary to the correlation between nitrogen deficiency and increase in polyphenol and vitamin C content in plants, NPK and biostim did not reduce phenolic compound levels. The results of this study showed that NPK maximized the synthesis of vitamin C and proline; energen - phenolic compounds, carotenoids and sugar; biostim – phenolic compounds, proteins and sugar; humate – flavonoids and sugar in curly kale. Therefore, the type of macronutrient and micronutrients combination increases phytochemicals in differently. To enhance the synthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamins, the most promising additives are those containing humic acids (humate and energen), and biostim proved to be more effective for the synthesis of proteins. Background. The understanding of how diet affects the incidence or treatment of disease has led to a rise in consumer’s demand for functional foods as well as created the market for natural sources of health benefitting compounds rather than the synthetic sources. Curly kale has gained scientific attention as a functional food because it contains higher levels of phytochemicals than most vegetables. These phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. However, the content levels of these metabolites are influenced by not only genetic but environmental factors. It was of interest to evaluate how various mineral nutrients can elicit the accumulation of these compounds that minimize the risk of chronic diseases or aid in their treatment. Purpose. Evaluate how the mineral nutrients, NPK, energen, biostim and humate affect the content of metabolites (proteins, sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, MDA and proline) in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Materials and methods. Sprouts from kale seed kept wet in a Petri dish for 7 days were transferred to the field. At 6 weeks old four mineral nutrients (NPK, energen, humate and biostim) were added to the soil. Control variants were treated with water. A week later, the leaves were harvested after which, the phenolic compound, flavonoid, protein, sugar, vitamin C, carotenoid, MDA and proline contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Results. It was shown that humate fertilizer elicited the highest accumulation of flavonoids. Kale plants fertilized with energen were observed to have the highest phenolic compound content. NPK, energen and humate caused a similarly positive effect on vitamin C content in leaves, unlike biostim whose effect did not significantly differ from control plants. Energen treated kale had the highest increment of carotenoids. A varied reduction of MDA levels in plants treated with all four mineral nutrients was observed in kale leaves. Plants fertilized with biostim accrued the highest protein content in leaves. Proline content increased under the influence of all fertilizers studied. Sugar levels for all kale plants treated with the studied mineral nutrients were enhanced equally Conclusion. Macro and microelements supplied by mineral nutrients differentially boost the biosynthesis of health-promoting metabolites in curly kale, thereby enhancing its quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Quality Characteristics of New Papaya Hybrids Fruits Developed in JKUAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Gaudence Nishimwe ◽  
Everlyn Musenya Okoth ◽  
Fredah Karambu Rimberia
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

The world is faced with a lot of challenges including lack of sustainable development and inability to feed its growing population leading to malnutrition. The issue of accessing high quality nutritious foods such as fruits has become a major challenge for many African people. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most popular fruits grown in Kenya and excellent in nutritional content. However, its potential has remained unexploited due to inadequate quality planting materials, high post- harvest losses and prevalence of pests and diseases. Researchers at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology developed promising papaya hybrids whose physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory characteristics have not been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory quality characteristics of the new papaya hybrids and their control, Sunrise Solo. The physicochemical attributes evaluated included; total soluble solids, total titratable acid, pH and total soluble solid/total titrable acid ratio. While the nutritional content evaluated included (Vitamin C and &beta;-carotene content) and sensory quality characteristics were evaluated. The standard AOAC methods was used to determine nutritional content and an effective analysis with 9- point hedonic scale was used on sensory evaluation. There was significant difference (P&lt; 0.05) in nutritional content of new hybrids papaya fruits and Sunrise solo. The maximum and minimum Vitamin C content of 131.63 mg/100g and 52mg/100g were exhibited by line 6 and 8 respectively. &beta;-carotene content ranged between 1.69 and 3.39 mg/100g as exhibited by line 1 and lines 2 and 8 respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the nutritional content of the new papaya hybrids exceeded the one of Sunrise Solo while their sensory quality characteristics compared favourably to the one of Sunrise Solo. Based on these findings, lines 1, 2,5,6,7 can be recommended for commercialization.

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