ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA AS ROOT CANAL STERILIZATION MATERIAL ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM

ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans in the most frequent microbiota that causes pulp necrosis because of caries. The microorganism that is colonized and embedded in the biofilm matrix is resistant to antimicrobials compared to planktonic cells. Root canal sterilization materials must have good biocompatibility with tissues. Nannochloropsis oculata is an algae that contains various compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have potential as antibacterial and antioxidant and can be used as alternative to root canal sterilization. Method: This research was true experimental laboratory research with post-test only control group design. The antibacterial potential of Nannochloropsis oculata was tested using the biofilm method, divided into 5 groups. The control group was: K- (aquadest), K+ (calcium hydroxide), and the treatment group was given Nannochloropsis oculata: P1 (0.625%), P2 (1.25%), and P3 (2.5 %). Congo Red method test was to determine the formation of biofilm that shows black strains on agar. While biofilm test with Microtiter Plate Assay to measure the value of biofilm that were inhibited in Optical Density (OD) value in the ELISA Reader. The lower the value, the more biofilm inhibited, with OD value, inhibition percentage could counted Result: The result of all treatment groups were increasing in percentage inhibition value shows inhibition in biofilm growth (p <0.05). Conclusion: Nannochloropsis oculata had an antibacterial effect on the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans

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Uji Pendahuluan Anti-biofilm Esktrak Teh Hijau dan Teh Hitam Pada Streptococcus mutans melalui Metode Microtiter Plate

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2018.v4.i1.9965 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Andi Arjuna ◽

Winda Setya Pratama ◽

Sartini Sartini ◽

Mufidah Mufidah

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Green Tea ◽

Black Tea ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Microtiter Plate Assay ◽

Black Tea Extract ◽

Green And Black Tea ◽

Tea Extract

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has an activity as an antibacterial, widely studied to plankton cells, without further researching into biofilm cell. Therefore, this research had been conducted to initially evaluate the activity of green- and black-tea extracts in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Green and black tea leaves were extracted using 70% methanol. Determination of MIC was subsequently performed by microdilution method. Next, the biofilm formation and inhibition were run through microtiter plate method using flexible U-bottom PVC 96 wells, which then observed using microplate reader on λ = 515 nm. As The results, MIC for green and black tea extract stood at 4 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL respectively. The biofilm inhibitory activity of black tea extract was at 8 and 10 mg/mL inhibiting 6 % and 12.5 % S. mutans. Green tea extract showed that concentration of 4 to 10 mg/mL was able to inhibit biofilm growth by 24%; 45%; 48% and 53%. Thus, through microtiter plate assay, it could be concluded that tea extract has potent antibiofilm to S. mutans, where green tea extract has better activity than black tea extract.

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Efektifitas Ekstrak Nannochloropsis oculata Terhadap Peningkatan Kepadatan Kolagen pada Proses Penyembuhan Alveolar Osteitis

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v10i1.16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ajeng Saghita Enggardini ◽

Syamsulina Revianti ◽

Noengki Prameswari

Keyword(s):

Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Alveolar Osteitis

Latar Belakang: Alveolar osteitis merupakan salah satu komplikasi pasca pencabutan gigi. Kondisi ini biasanya menjadi masalah pasca pencabutan yang menyebabkan rasa nyeri dan menghambat penyembuhan soket. Ekstrak Nannochloropsis oculata mengandung alkaloid, carotenoid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan tocopherol yang dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak Nannochloropsis oculata terhadap peningkatan kepadatan kolagen pada proses penyembuhan alveolar osteitis. Bahan dan Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah post test only control group design, dengan menggunakan 64 tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok besar, yaitu pemberian irigasi dan dressing. Pada masing-masing kelompok terdapat kelompok kontrol negatif (irigasi PBS atau dressing PBS), kelompok kontrol positif (irigasi Saline 0,9% atau dressing Alvogyl) dan kelompok perlakuan (irigasi atau dressing ekstrak Nannochloropsis oculata 2,5% dan 5%). Kemudian kepadatan kolagen diukur pada hari ke 3 dan ke 7 setelah perlakuan. Kepadatan kolagen yang diukur pada soket pasca pencabutan gigi. Setelah dilakukan treatment pada hari ke 3 dan ke 7, semua tikus dikorbankan lalu kepadatan kolagen diukur melalui preparat histopatologi anatomi dengan pengecatan Masson’s Trichom dan pembesaran 100x, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan kepadatan kolagen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kepadatan kolagen yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan irigasi (0,045), tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dressing (0,243). Metode dressing lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kepadatan kolagen jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok irigasi (0,026). Simpulan: Pemberian dressing ekstrak Nannochloropsis oculata konsentrasi 5% paling efektif dalam meningkatkan kepadatan kolagen pada proses penyembuhan alveolar osteitis pada hari ke 7.

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Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Fissure Sealants Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8975948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sedighe Sadat Hashemi kamangar ◽

Houtan Zareian ◽

Abbas Bahador ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Zahra Bashareh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Fissure Sealants ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Fissure Sealant ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fissure sealants containing chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Antibacterial effect of Master Dent fissure sealant alone and after incorporating chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm growth was evaluated by determining colony counts. Antimicrobial effect was determined on days 3, 15, and 30 by counting microbial colonies using eluted components test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, t test, and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results. Biofilm inhibition test showed that fissure sealant containing 1 wt.% chitosan decreased colony counts significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Eluted components test with S. mutans and sanguis showed significant decrease in colony counts during the first 15 days in chitosan containing group; however, from day 30, antimicrobial activity decreased noticeably, with no significant difference from control group ( P > 0.05 ). Antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus was maintained in chitosan group up to 30 days, and decrease in colony counts was significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, incorporation of 1 wt.% chitosan into fissure sealant induced an antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus persisted for longer time (30 days) compared to the two other bacterial species (15 days).

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Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.48-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Sri Kunarti ◽

Aulia Ramadhani ◽

Laskmiari Setyowati

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

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Minimum inhibitory concentration of squid ink Loligo sp. extract on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20200529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 801

Author(s):

Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan ◽

Christy Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Alternative Medicines ◽

Pharmaceutical Properties

Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease can be caused by bacteria that attack hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria One way to prevent infections caused by the bacteria are by using mouthwash. Currently, mouthwash that is widely used is mouthwash containing chlorhexidine, which has side effects in the form of tooth staining when used prolonged. The need for alternative medicines from nature that effectively cope with polymicrobial infections. One of the marine products that has pharmaceutical properties is squid, especially the ink it produces.Methods: This research is a pure experimental study (true experimental design) with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Squid ink Loligo sp. extract, obtained by extracting squid ink Loligo sp., with maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This research uses serial dilution method with spectrophotometric testing method.Results: After measuring the turbidity value in each treatment tube, it was found that at a concentration of 1.56% squid ink Loligo sp. extract began to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This is proven because the absorbance value after and before incubation is fixed.Conclusions: The minimum inhibitory concentration of squid ink Loligo sp. extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutants at a concentration of 1.56%.

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Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. on Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp.

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/s1516-05722013000400002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 474-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

RBA Almeida ◽

G Akisue ◽

LML Cardoso ◽

JC Junqueira ◽

AO C Jorge

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Control Group ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Medicinal plants with fungicide action, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects are under investigation. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. on strains of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp. with planktonic and biofilm growth. To study the micro-organisms in planktonic cells, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using 9 clinical strains for each species and 1 ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) from C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. mutans. In order to evaluate the effects of the essential oils on biofilms, strains of S. aureus (ATCC 6538), S. mutans (ATCC 35688) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) were used. The biofilm was formed on acrylic resin discs with isolated micro-organisms or in associations. The number of colony-forming-units (CFU) obtained in each biofilm (CFU/ml) was submitted to Student's t statistical test. The results demonstrated that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus showed microbiostatic and microbicidal activity against all tested strains. The average CFU/ml for the biofilm of S. aureus, S. mutans and C. albicans, whether isolated or in association, was lower in the group treated with essential oil than in the control group.

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Effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans plaque biofilm in vitro

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ◽

10.1142/s1793545820500224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (06) ◽

pp. 2050022

Author(s):

Xiaoyue Liang ◽

Zhaohui Zou ◽

Zheng Zou ◽

Changyi Li ◽

Xiaoxi Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Plaque Biofilm

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm model in vitro. The selection of photosensitizers is the key step for the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, no studies have been conducted in the oral field to compare the functional characteristics and application effects of PDT mediated by various photosensitizers. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Methylene blue (MB)/650[Formula: see text]nm laser and Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)/532[Formula: see text]nm laser on S. mutans biofilm was compared under different energy densities to provide experimental reference for the clinical application of the two PDT. The yield of lactic acid was analyzed by Colony forming unit (CFU) and spectrophotometry, and the complete biofilm activity was measured by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the bactericidal effect on each group. Based on the results of CFU, the bacterial colonies formed by 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 532[Formula: see text]nm MB-aPDT group and 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 532[Formula: see text]nm HMME-aPDT group were significantly less than those in other groups, and the bacterial colonies in HMME-aPDT group were less than those in HMME-aPDT group. Lactic acid production in all treatment groups except the photosensitizer group was statistically lower than that in the normal saline control group. The activity of bacterial plaque biofilm was significantly decreased in the two groups treated with 30.4[Formula: see text]J/cm2 aPDT. Therefore, aPDT suitable for energy measurement can kill S. mutans plaque biofilm, and MB-aPDT is better than HMME-aPDT.

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UJI EFEK ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA CENGKEH TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5763 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juvensius R. Andries ◽

Paulina N. Gunawan ◽

Aurelia Supit

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Clove Extract ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Abstrak: Minyak cengkeh berguna sebagai antibakteri alami. Minyak esensial dari cengkeh mempunyai fungsi anestetik dan antimikrobial. Zat yang terkandung dalam cengkeh yang bernama eugenol dapat membunuh bakteri termasuk bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika, salah satunya adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Bakteri ini merupakan mikroorganisme penyebab utama terjadinya karies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan post test only control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan coba ekstrak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 40%, 60%, dan 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades dengan pengulangan sebanyak lima kali. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA dan post-hoc uji LSD ( = 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik penelitian uji efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans secara in vitro, dapat disimpulkaan bahwa ekstrak cengkeh memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Hasil uji lanjut post-hoc uji LSD menunjukan daya hambat ekstrak cengkeh 40%, 60%, 80%, lebih kecil (p<0,05) dalam menghambat Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro dibandingkan Ciprofloxacin. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak cengkeh, Streptococcus mutans. Abstract: Clove oil is useful as a natural antibacterial agent, essential oil of clove has anesthetic and antimicrobial effect. Substances contained in clove called eugenol can kill bacteria including antibiotic resistant bacteria, one of which is the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. This bacteria is a major cause for caries. The purpose of this study was to mengetahui clove extrack antibacterial effects againts Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro. This study is an experimental study using a post test only control group design. This research try using clove extract with a concentration of 40%, 60%, and 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades repetition five times. Data collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). Based on the results of the statistical test to test the effects of anti-bacterial research clove extracts against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro, can disimpulkaan that clove extracts have antibacterial effects in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro.further test result post-hoc LSD test shoved its inhibitory clove extract 40%, 60%, 80% smaller (p<0,05)in hibiting Streptococcus mutans in vitro compared Ciprofloxacin. Keywords: clove extract, Streptococcus mutans

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DAYA HAMBAT LARUTAN BAKING SODA KONSENTRASI 70% TERHADAP BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (IN VITRO)

Jurnal Skala Kesehatan ◽

10.31964/jsk.v11i1.234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Sri Hidayati ◽

Jaja Jaja ◽

Ida Chairanna

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Research Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Paper Disk

Baking soda memiliki sifat alkali yang dapat menetralkan pH rongga mulut sehingga dapat menghambat proses metabolisme bakteri yang menghasilkan asam. Selain itu memiliki kemampuan mempengaruhi tekanan osmotik. Sifat hipertonik dari baking soda menyebabkan hipotonik sel bakteri kehilangan air, sehingga sel akan dehidrasi dan akhirnya dapat membunuh sel bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat larutan baking soda konsentrasi 70% terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans (In vitro, merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni kelompok perlakuan dan control group design. Pembuatan larutan baking soda 70% dan bakteri Streptococcus mutans diperoleh di Research Center Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga. Paper disk yang berisi baking soda 70% dimasukkan oven sampai kering, control(+) Chlorhexedine 0,2% dan control(-) Aquades diinkubasi 37˚C selama 24 jam, zona yang terbentuk disekeliling paper disk diukur diameternya dalam mm. Data dikumpulkan dilakukan uji normalitas dan di cari rata-rata serta SD, dianalisa menggunakan uji T independen. Hasil penelitian terlihat rata-rata diameter zona bening menunjukkan daya hambatnya masih belum melebihi kelompok kontrol positif dimana rata-rata kelompok perlakuan 14,21mm sedang kelompok kontrol angka rata-rata 19,42mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan ada perbedaan daya hambat yang terbentuk pada lempeng agar perbenihan streptococcus mutans. Diharapkan bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan antibakteri untuk mencegah karies gigi dengan pemakaian baking soda yang murah,mudah didapatkan oleh masyarakat, baik berupa kumur-kumur dan diolesan ke permukaan gigi, maupun sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pasta gigi. Kata kunci : Bakingsoda 70%, streptococcus mutans

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Effectivity of Jatropha multifida L. Leaves Extract as Antibacterial on Streptococcus mutans using In Vitro Testing Methods

Biomedical Journal of Indonesia: Jurnal Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya ◽

10.32539/bji.v7i2.384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 415-421

Author(s):

Listyaning Kartiko Kinasih ◽

Idamawati Nababan ◽

Suci Erawati ◽

Rouli Natasia M Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Entire Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Control Group Design ◽

The Individual ◽

Jatropha Multifida

Intoduction: Health is the condition of the entire body and body parts of an individual who is free from disease both physically, mentally and socially, thus enabling the individual to be able to carry out daily activities more productively. However, many people neglect their own health, especially in the field of dental and oral health. Caries is one of the most common oral and dental problems. The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is high, namely 88.8%. Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria which plays a role in the conversion of sucrose to lactic acid. Infection due to Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be treated by taking antibiotics. Apart from drugs, antibiotics can also be obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is the tintir castor plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) or commonly known as the betadine. Objective: To see the effect of the antibacterial content of tintir leaves against Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the differences in the antibacterial effect of betadine leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) from a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The type of research used in this study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design as the research design and to test the sensitivity of bacteria using the paper disc diffusion test. Data analysis using One-Way ANOVA. Result: The results of this study indicate the effect of tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

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