Effectivity of Jatropha multifida L. Leaves Extract as Antibacterial on Streptococcus mutans using In Vitro Testing Methods

Intoduction: Health is the condition of the entire body and body parts of an individual who is free from disease both physically, mentally and socially, thus enabling the individual to be able to carry out daily activities more productively. However, many people neglect their own health, especially in the field of dental and oral health. Caries is one of the most common oral and dental problems. The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is high, namely 88.8%. Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria which plays a role in the conversion of sucrose to lactic acid. Infection due to Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be treated by taking antibiotics. Apart from drugs, antibiotics can also be obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is the tintir castor plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) or commonly known as the betadine. Objective: To see the effect of the antibacterial content of tintir leaves against Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the differences in the antibacterial effect of betadine leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) from a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The type of research used in this study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design as the research design and to test the sensitivity of bacteria using the paper disc diffusion test. Data analysis using One-Way ANOVA. Result: The results of this study indicate the effect of tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.6.1.2018.19729 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helen N. Sekeon ◽

Heriyannis Homenta ◽

Michael A. Leman

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Cariogenic Bacteria ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is the most common bacterium that causes dental caries due to its ability to ferment carbohydrates into acid resulting in the decreased pH on the tooth surface. Prevention of dental caries could be achieved by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Various efforts to control and prevent the cariogenic bacteria include the usage of herbal ingredients; one of them is gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). These gedi leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. This study was aimed to prove that gedi leaf extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of S.mutans and to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on the growth of S. mutans. This was a true experimental design with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Gedi leaf extract was obtained by maceration method in 96% ethanol. The results showed that gedi leaf extract had an antibacterial effect on the growth of S. mutans. We used turbidimetry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and two times of treatment to obtain the MIC of gedi leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans which was 6.25%. Conclusion: Gedi leaf extract could inhibit the growth of S. mutans with a MIC of 6.25%.Keywords: dental caries, gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans Abstrak: Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak menyebabkan karies gigi karena bakteri ini berkemampuan memfermentasi karbohidrat menjadi asam yang berakibat turunnya pH pada permukaan gigi. Pencegahan karies gigi dapat dicapai dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengen-dalikan dan mencegah bakteri kariogenik, antara lain dengan menggunakan bahan herbal; salah satunya yaitu tanaman gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Daun gedi mengandung senyawa bioaktif antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek inhibisi ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans dan mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Ekstrak daun gedi dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Dengan menggunakan metode turbidimetri dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dalam 2 (dua) kali perlakuan maka diperoleh KHM ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun gedi dapat meghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: karies gigi, ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans

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PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS JUS LIDAH BUAYA DAN KLORHEXIDIN 0.06% TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS SALIVA ANAK DENGAN KARIES

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.5.1.54-59 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Shanty Chairani ◽

Sri W Rais ◽

Rani Purba ◽

Amalia AH

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Active Components ◽

Control Group Design

Background: Aloe vera contains active components such as antrhaquinones,saponin, glucomannans, and acemannans that have been known for its antimicrobial properties. In vitro study showed that Aloe vera extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Studies reported that children with caries have high level of salivary S. mutans which is the main pathogen in dental caries. The gold standard mouthrinse for dental caries is chlorhexidine gluconate, but it has several side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the effect between Aloe vera juice and 0.06% chlorhexidine mouth rinse on salivary S. mutans in children with caries.Methods: This experimental research with pretest and post-test control group design conducted on 30 children (6-12 years old) with number of carious teeth >4. Subjects divided into 2 groups: Aloe vera juice group and 0.06% chlorhexidine group, which instructed to rinse their mouth with 10 ml stated mouthwash, twice a day, during 7-day period. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and after 7 days then inoculated on mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. S. mutans were counted and expressed in CFU/ml. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.Result: The result showed that a significant reduction in salivary S.mutanscounts was observed with Aloe vera juice mouth rinse and 0.06% chlorhexidine (p<0.05). The mean reduction of S. mutans counts was not statistically significantly between grup (p>0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that Aloe vera juice can reduce salivary S. mutans in children with caries so it can be considered as alternative mouthwash to prevent caries.

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The Effectiveness Of Anchovy Concentration (Stolephorus insularis) as Antimicrobial to Streptococcus mutans (In Vitro)

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v10i1.37 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Almira Fa’Izah ◽

Istien Wardani ◽

Diana Soesilo

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Control Group Design

Background: Dental and oral diseases which are often found in children is dental caries. Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of caries. Caries can be prevented by using a topical application of fluoride. The Anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) contains protein, vitamins (A, B1, C), and minerals (Fe, Ca, K, F). Calcium fluoride (CaF2) within the anchovy can inhibit the occurrence of dental caries. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial ability of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) to Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. Diffusion method were applied with 2 controls: negative control used DMSO 1%, positive control used NaF solution, and 3 concentrations of anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) 3%, 6%, and 12%, each group were composed of 6 samples. Antimicrobial was assessed by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the discs contained the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results from this study showed clear zone around the discs of the anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis). The more concentration of the extract showed the more antimirobial zone diameter. The average zone of antimicrobial at the concentration of 3% were 7,11 mm, 6% 9,5 mm, 12% 10,78 mm, for the negative control DMSO 1% 6 mm and the positive control NaF solution 8,16 mm. The largest diameter of the clear zone was at concentration of 12% (P < 0,05). Conclusion: The anchovy extract (Stolephorus insularis) had an antimicrobial effect to the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.6.2.2018.20200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Benedicta N. D. Rori ◽

Johanna A. Khoman ◽

Aurelia S. R. Supit

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Extract Concentration

Abstract: The main problem in dental health is dental caries that occurs due to the fermentation by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) is one of the common plants in Northern Celebes that contains antimicrobial compounds namely flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, and saponin; all of them have been proved to inhibit the growth of S. mutans. This study was aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) to S. mutans growth. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The method used in this study was serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry. Samples of gedi leaves were obtained at Paal 2 Manado, and were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. S. mutans bacteria were obtained from the pure bacterial stock at Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The turbidimetry test showed that the tube content became clearer at 25% of extract concentration. Moreover, the UV-Vis spectro-photometer showed a decrease of OD value for the first time at 25% of extract concentration. Conclusion: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) to Streptococcus mutans growth was at concentration of 25%.Keywords: gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical), Streptococcus mutans, MIC, dental caries Abstrak: Masalah utama dalam kesehatan gigi ialah karies gigi yang terbentuk karena proses peragian oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) merupakan salah satu tanaman khas daerah Sulawesi Utara yang mengandung senyawa antimikroba berupa flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin yang telah terbukti memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun gedi diperoleh dari Kecamatan Paal 2 Manado, dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri S. mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil pengujian turbidimetri memperlihatkan bahwa larutan dalam tabung terlihat mulai jernih pada konsentrasi ekstrak 25%. Pada pengujian spektrofotometer UV-Vis terlihat penurunan nilai OD pertama kali pada konsentrasi 25%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 25%.Kata kunci: daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik), Streptococcus mutans, KHM, karies

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Bioviability of Mangrove Leaves Extract (Sonneratia alba) on Fibroblast BHK-21 Cell Culture

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v11i2.92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arlita Gladys Tricia Charyadie ◽

Aprilia Aprilia ◽

Widyastuti Widyastuti

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Fibroblast Cells ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Sonneratia Alba

Background: Dental caries is a major oral health problem which is most commonly found in Indonesia. One of the main factors in role of causing dental caries is Streptococcus mutans which is the primary target of the prevention of caries. Leaf extract of Sonneratia alba has been proven to have an antimicrobial effect towards Streptococcus mutans, but its cytotoxic activity on normal cells is still unknown. The initial cell viability in this study was conducted using cell line BHK-21. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the cell viability of fibroblast cells line BHK-21 by given Sonneratia alba’s leaf extract. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using post test only control group design. BHK-21 fibroblast cell culture on 96 wells were divided into cell control group (n=9), media control group (n=9) and test groups (n=9). The test groups were given various concentration of Sonneratia alba’s leaf extract, they were: 5%; 10%; and 20%. The cell cultures were incubated for 24 hours before and after treatment using Sonneratia alba’s leaf extract. After dripping MTT into the microplates, OD were read using ELISA reader and the viability were counted. The data that was acquired from the viability calculation was statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA and LSD test. Results: Data showed the increase of viability cell in all the test groups. The highest viability cell showed by the test group with 10% concentration of Sonneratia alba (153,7122%±7,42458), and the lowest found in the test group with 20% concentration of leaf extract (141,4682%±7,48752). Conclusion: In this experiment, the leaf extract of Sonneratia alba proved to be nontoxic on fibroblast cells line BHK-21, the extract increased the viability and also caused proliferation of fibroblast cells. Keywords: Dental caries, Sonneratia alba, fibroblast, viability, cell culture Correspondence: Aprilia, Department of Conservation, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah Univesity, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: [email protected]

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Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.48-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Sri Kunarti ◽

Aulia Ramadhani ◽

Laskmiari Setyowati

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOURSOP LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC® 6514™ IN VITRO

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

Ameta Primasari ◽

Minasari Nasution ◽

Nurul Hidayati Arbi ◽

Dini Permata Sari ◽

Mohammad Basyuni

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Negative Control ◽

Plate Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) antibacterial power of soursop leaf extract on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) ATCC® 6514™ growth.Methods: This study was experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design and consists of 8 treatment groups that were soursop leaf extract group with concentration 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.5625% as well as negative control groups were brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) media and chlorhexidine as positive controls. Each treatment was done 3 repetitions. Testing the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract using dilution methods on BHIB and subculture media on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The number of Aa ATCC® 6514 ™ colonies was calculated manually using the total plate count method on the MHA media. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test (p<0.05) followed by least significance different (LSD) test to see the significant mean difference between treatment groups.Results: Concentration of MIC from soursop leaf extract on Aa ATCC® 6514™ growth was 1.5625% and MBC was 6.25%. LSD assay results showed significant difference effect (p<0.05) Aa ATCC® 6514™ from each treatment group.Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract has antibacterial effectivity against Aa ATCC® 6514 ™.

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UJI EFEK ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA CENGKEH TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5763 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juvensius R. Andries ◽

Paulina N. Gunawan ◽

Aurelia Supit

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Clove Extract ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Abstrak: Minyak cengkeh berguna sebagai antibakteri alami. Minyak esensial dari cengkeh mempunyai fungsi anestetik dan antimikrobial. Zat yang terkandung dalam cengkeh yang bernama eugenol dapat membunuh bakteri termasuk bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika, salah satunya adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Bakteri ini merupakan mikroorganisme penyebab utama terjadinya karies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan post test only control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan coba ekstrak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 40%, 60%, dan 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades dengan pengulangan sebanyak lima kali. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA dan post-hoc uji LSD ( = 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik penelitian uji efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans secara in vitro, dapat disimpulkaan bahwa ekstrak cengkeh memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Hasil uji lanjut post-hoc uji LSD menunjukan daya hambat ekstrak cengkeh 40%, 60%, 80%, lebih kecil (p<0,05) dalam menghambat Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro dibandingkan Ciprofloxacin. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak cengkeh, Streptococcus mutans. Abstract: Clove oil is useful as a natural antibacterial agent, essential oil of clove has anesthetic and antimicrobial effect. Substances contained in clove called eugenol can kill bacteria including antibiotic resistant bacteria, one of which is the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. This bacteria is a major cause for caries. The purpose of this study was to mengetahui clove extrack antibacterial effects againts Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro. This study is an experimental study using a post test only control group design. This research try using clove extract with a concentration of 40%, 60%, and 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades repetition five times. Data collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). Based on the results of the statistical test to test the effects of anti-bacterial research clove extracts against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro, can disimpulkaan that clove extracts have antibacterial effects in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro.further test result post-hoc LSD test shoved its inhibitory clove extract 40%, 60%, 80% smaller (p<0,05)in hibiting Streptococcus mutans in vitro compared Ciprofloxacin. Keywords: clove extract, Streptococcus mutans

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DAYA HAMBAT LARUTAN BAKING SODA KONSENTRASI 70% TERHADAP BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (IN VITRO)

Jurnal Skala Kesehatan ◽

10.31964/jsk.v11i1.234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Sri Hidayati ◽

Jaja Jaja ◽

Ida Chairanna

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Research Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Paper Disk

Baking soda memiliki sifat alkali yang dapat menetralkan pH rongga mulut sehingga dapat menghambat proses metabolisme bakteri yang menghasilkan asam. Selain itu memiliki kemampuan mempengaruhi tekanan osmotik. Sifat hipertonik dari baking soda menyebabkan hipotonik sel bakteri kehilangan air, sehingga sel akan dehidrasi dan akhirnya dapat membunuh sel bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat larutan baking soda konsentrasi 70% terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans (In vitro, merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni kelompok perlakuan dan control group design. Pembuatan larutan baking soda 70% dan bakteri Streptococcus mutans diperoleh di Research Center Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga. Paper disk yang berisi baking soda 70% dimasukkan oven sampai kering, control(+) Chlorhexedine 0,2% dan control(-) Aquades diinkubasi 37˚C selama 24 jam, zona yang terbentuk disekeliling paper disk diukur diameternya dalam mm. Data dikumpulkan dilakukan uji normalitas dan di cari rata-rata serta SD, dianalisa menggunakan uji T independen. Hasil penelitian terlihat rata-rata diameter zona bening menunjukkan daya hambatnya masih belum melebihi kelompok kontrol positif dimana rata-rata kelompok perlakuan 14,21mm sedang kelompok kontrol angka rata-rata 19,42mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan ada perbedaan daya hambat yang terbentuk pada lempeng agar perbenihan streptococcus mutans. Diharapkan bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan antibakteri untuk mencegah karies gigi dengan pemakaian baking soda yang murah,mudah didapatkan oleh masyarakat, baik berupa kumur-kumur dan diolesan ke permukaan gigi, maupun sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pasta gigi. Kata kunci : Bakingsoda 70%, streptococcus mutans

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Effect of Morus alba L. Ethanol Leaves Extract on Conjunctivitis Wistar Rats Model by Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v7i1.7299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Gama Wisnu Sanjaya ◽

Cicih Komariah ◽

Dini Agustina

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Mulberry Leaf ◽

Mulberry Leaf Extract

Conjunctivitis is inflammation in the conjunctiva, with clinical signs of exudation, cellular infiltration, and vascular dilatation. In adults, Staphylococcus species are the most common pathogenic bacteria resulting in bacterial conjunctivitis. Previous studies in vitro, explaining that mulberry leaf extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf ethanol extract (Morus alba L.) on wistar mice conjunctivitis model by S. aureus. This type of research is true experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The 24-wistar mice were adapted for 7 days. On day 8, a conjunctivitis induction was performed with 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml of S. aureus at 1 drop every 10 minutes for 1 hour (left 3 days) until conjunctivitis . On day 12 until day 19 (7 days), given mulberry leaf extract 45%, 55%, 65% and 75%. The results of TPC S. aureus logarithm on MSA medium of the 11th (pretest) day conjunctival swab and the 17th day (posttest) of rat adaptation were K (-) (5.70 and 4.07); K (+) (5.78 and 3.31); P1 (5.65 and 3.78); P2 (5.63 and 3.82); P3 (5.84 and 3.74); and P4 (5.69 and 3.63), with the posttest group there was improvement in conjunctivitis symptoms rather than the pretest group. The result of One Way Way Anova data analysis showed significant result at pretest p = 0,002 and posttest p = 0,046 (p <0,05) and paired t-test got significant result p = 0,000 (p <0,05). From this study it can be concluded that mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) has the effect of decreasing the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria and improving symptoms of conjunctivitis. Keywords: mulberry leaf extract, conjunctivitis, S. aureus

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