scholarly journals Investigation of the probiotic properties and the acid production rate of strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Marin Georgiev ◽  
Maria Baltadjieva ◽  
Bogdan Goranov ◽  
Mariya Brazkova ◽  
Albert Krastanov
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The antimicrobial activity of strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MG1, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MG2, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MG3 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MG4 has been investigated against pathogenic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp. by the agar well diffusion method. The biomass, the culture medium and the cell-free supernatant were tested. The antibiotic resistance of the strains against clinical practice antibiotics with different mechanisms of action has been determined. The maximum specific growth rate and the parameters of the respective models for the selected strains was determined. The experiments established that Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MG 3 exhibits the most pronounced antimicrobial activity compared to the other strains tested. Practical applicationsThis study was called for by the need to produce starter cultures with established purity and activity for use in the food industry. The aim of this work is to investigate a certain group of lactic acid bacteria widely used in practice and in the composition of starter cultures.

Genes involved in lactose catabolism and organic acid production during growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20 in skimmed milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Do Carmo ◽  
M. De Oliveira ◽  
D. Da Silva ◽  
S. Castro ◽  
A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Skimmed Milk

There are three main reasons for using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter cultures in industrial food fermentation processes: food preservation due to lactic acid production; flavour formation due to a range of organic molecules derived from sugar, lipid and protein catabolism; and probiotic properties attributed to some strains of LAB, mainly of lactobacilli. The aim of this study was to identify some genes involved in lactose metabolism of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20, and analyse its organic acid production during growth in skimmed milk. The following genes were identified, encoding the respective enzymes: ldh – lactate dehydrogenase, adhE – Ldb1707 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and ccpA-pepR1 – catabolite control protein A. It was observed that L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 cultivated in different media has the unexpected ability to catabolyse galactose, and to produce high amounts of succinic acid, which was absent in the beginning, raising doubts about the subspecies in question. The phylogenetic analyses showed that this strain can be compared physiologically to L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, which are able to degrade lactose and can grow in milk. L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 sequences have grouped with L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC BAA-365, strengthening the classification of this probiotic strain in the NCFM group proposed by a previous study. Additionally, L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 presented an evolutionary pattern closer to that of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, corroborating the suggestion that this strain might be considered as a new and unusual subspecies among L. delbrueckii subspecies, the first one identified as a probiotic. In addition, its unusual ability to metabolise galactose, which was significantly consumed in the fermentation medium, might be exploited to produce low-browning probiotic Mozzarella cheeses, a desirable property for pizza cheeses.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA AND MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Vishal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Objective: To investigate the solvent-dependent antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts of Euphorbia hirta (leaves and flowers) and Murraya koenigii (leaves), as well as to evaluate the synergistic activity of these medicinal extracts with suitable antibiotic discs and antibiotics susceptibility of selected pathogenic microorganisms.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the medicinal extracts was screened through agar well diffusion method and antibiotics susceptibility of selected microorganisms was investigated using disc diffusion method. A combined agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods were used for the determination of synergistic activities of the extracts with antibiotic discs.Results: Among the different solvents, ethanol had maximum zone of inhibition against the test pathogens. Ethanolic leaf extracts of E. hirta exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 12.5 mg/mL and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial assay revealed that E. hirta extracts were active against all tested Gram-negative bacteria. However, none of the plant extracts had inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Phytochemical screening for both the extracts from E. hirta revealed the presence of steroid, tannin, terpenoids, carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoid, diterpene, and glycoside, whereas M. koenigii extract was rich in saponins, protein, steroid, tannin, carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycoside.Conclusion: The present study proposes that E. hirta and M. koenigii extracts are excellent sources of natural bioactive compounds that could be used as potent antimicrobial drugs to counter the emerging problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Oxothiazolidine Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Balasaheb P. Pagar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In this article, acid hydrazide 2, a functional group, was synthesized by the reaction of (4-chloro-12- methyl-16,17-dihydro-15-thia-6,11-diaza-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ylsulfanyl)acetic acid ethyl ester (1) with hydrazine yield (4-chloro-12-methyl-16,17-dihydro-15-thia-6,11-diazacyclopenta[a]- phenanthren-7-ylsulfanyl)acetic acid hydrazide (2) is discussed. The reactive acid hydrazide compound 2 was utilized for the synthesis of amides 3, Schiff’s bases 4 and thiazolidine 5 derivatives. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of new compounds were studied against Streptococcus sp., Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus valgaris and Pseudomonas aeroginosa by the agar well diffusion method. Compounds 4b, 5a, 5b and 5c showed good antimicrobial activity

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Few Commercially Available Herbal and Non Herbal Tooth Pastes Against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Bora ◽  
Sharmista Sen ◽  
Abhirup Goswami ◽  
Gautam Kumar Kundu ◽  
Biswajit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Herbal Components ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of ten commercially available herbal and non herbal toothpastes. Methods: Ten toothpaste brands (A-J) were collected. A, C, D, E contained Herbal components only, toothpastes B, F, G contained herbal components and fluoride as main anticariogenic agent, toothpastes H and I contained fluoride and triclosan combination and toothpaste J contained fluoride only as main anticariogenic component. Dental caries samples were collected from 6-14 years old children having occlusal caries in permanent fully erupted molar teeth involving enamel and dentin but caries not involving dental pulp and Streptococcus mutans bacteria isolated by laboratory method. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the inhibition zones by agar well diffusion method. Results: Fluoridated toothpaste with triclosan had maximum antimicrobial activity at all concentrations when compared to Herbal toothpaste. Conclusion: Toothpastes containing fluoride and triclosan are most effective but herbal tooth pastes have the prospect of becoming safer and effective altenative and provide an ideal home care anticariogenic regimen. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22454 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(1) 2015: 14-18

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Toothpastes Containing Fluoride against Clinically Isolated Streptococci mutans

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Eze E. Ajaegbu ◽  
Calister U. Ezeh ◽  
Adaobi J. Dieke ◽  
Adaora L. Onuora ◽  
Jane I. Ugochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dental caries is one of the prevalent oral diseases which affect all ages. Many chemical substances with antimicrobial properties, are effective against microorganisms causing dental caries. The objective of this study was to check the antimicrobial efficacy of some toothpastes  found in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria more specifically against clinically isolated Streptococci mutans. The antimicrobial efficacy of different brands of toothpastes marketed in Enugu metropolis  was assayed against Streptococci mutans using the agar well diffusion method. The clinical Streptococci mutans used for this study were taken from carious lesions of patients that  attended the clinic at Federal College of Dental Therapy and Technology, Trans Ekulu, Enugu, Nigeria and were isolated and cultivated using traditional laboratory methods. The present  study has shown that toothpaste which contains mint extract as herbal constituent and sodium fluoride had the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by toothpastes containing only sodium monofluorophosphate. Herbal toothpaste with mint can be a safe and effective alternative in the prevention of dental caries.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity of extracts from fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa ) against pathogenic microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Rachael Nkechi Eboma ◽  
Clement Olusola Ogidi ◽  
Bamidele Juliet Akinyele
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Locust Bean

Background: The challenges of multiple antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms has necessitated the need for a continuous search for new and effective antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Objectives: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from fermented condiment from Parkia biglobosa was investigated against some pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify bioactive compounds in n-hexane extract (oil). Aqueous and n-hexane extracts of locust beans were tested against clinical isolates; viz., Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas hydrophilia, Citrobacter braakii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. Results: The study revealed the phytochemicals in oil as phenols (41.8 mg/100g), flavonoids of 19.37 mg/100g, saponins (16.7 mg/100g), alkaloids (22.9 mg/100g), steroids (6.9 mg/100g), terpenoids (10.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (3.3 mg/100g). The aqueous extract contains phenols (33.7 mg/100g), flavonoids (12.3 mg/100g), alkaloids (17.6 mg/100g), saponins (5.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (1.2 mg/100g). The bioactive compounds in the n-hexane extract were ricinoleic acid, p-cymene, octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and others. Oil from fermented locust bean exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 5 mm to 14 mm against the tested isolates at 10 mg/mL, while the aqueous extract displayed inhibition zones of 4 mm to 10 mm at 10.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: The chemical constituents in locally fermented condiment (locust bean) are responsible for pronounced antimicrobial properties. Hence, the condiment can be exploited for medicinal purposes. Keywords: Fermented food, condiment, n-hexane, phytochemicals and antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1436-1442
Author(s):  
Serdar Demir ◽  
Gul Keskin ◽  
Nese Akal ◽  
Yasemin Zer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica, against Target Pathogens and Its Utility as a Disinfectant and Floor Cleaner

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 1899-1903
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali Khan ◽  
Shadma Yaqoob ◽  
Sharique Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, neem tree or Indian lilac, Limbo, Nim, Nimba, Medusa and Vempu. It is typically grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Neem belongs to family meliaceae. Neem is a native tree of India. It is also called “village pharmacy of south Asia” (India) because of its enormous medicinal properties and people use it most of the time without knowing its multiple advantages. This study was done to know the efficacy of medicinal plant named Azadirachta indica (Neem) against pathogenic microorganisms and about its utility as disinfectant and floor cleaner. METHODS Agar well diffusion method, Culture plate method, inoculum preparation & its subculture methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the neem leaf extract. Different concentrations of neem leaf extracts in culture plates were used for the study. In this method inhibited zones were measured. RESULTS Neem leaf extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against four target pathogens. In agar well diffusion method it showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of inhibition was increased as the concentration of the neem extract in agar media increased and was maximum for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. indica, has antimicrobial activity against target pathogens Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and E.coli. With the old medicinal knowledge on neem, better economic and therapeutic utilization can be done by using modern approaches of drug development. KEY WORDS Neem Leaf extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Agar Well Diffusion Test, Zone of Inhibition

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Mathematical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Hunteria Umbellata

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Raphael Aderele ◽  
Adekunle Kareem Rasaq ◽  
Johnson Oshiobugie Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
T Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Aim: The study evaluates the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Hunteria umbellata against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for three months in 2019 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria. Methodology: The qualitative and GC-MS analysis of Hunteria umbellata methanolic seed extract were determined using standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method. The experimental data was resampled 1000 times to allow for higher degrees of freedom in carrying out t-test to test for the difference of the effect of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellata against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp using mathematical software R language (3.6.1 version). Line plots, histogram and t-test are used to explain the effect of antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on the selected bacteria. MIC and MBC were determined using standard methods. Results: The Phytochemical analysis of methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata showed the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenol among others. GC-MS assay of the H. umbellata seed extract revealed the presence of eight different compounds. Agar well diffusion method was characterized by inhibition zones of 18.36±0.87, 19.13±1.03 and 21.62±2.53 mm for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 300 mg/ml-1 and 21.70± 1.60, 23.83± 2.64 and 28.57± 1.52 for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 500 mg/ml. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between the effects of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on 3001 and 500 mg/ml on each bacteria tested at 5% level of significance. E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp were tested against 12 standard antimicrobial agents, of which six was sensitive and another six was resistance to E .coli, seven was sensitive, and five was resistance to S. aureus while four was resistance and eight sensitive to Streptococcus sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli, S. aureus, and  Streptococcus sp were 250, 125 and 31.25 mgml-1 while their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 500, 250 and 125 respectively. MIC and MBC tests showed that H. umbellata methanolic seed extract had noticeable bactericidal effects with MBC/MIC values ranging between 2 to 4. The extract has strong potency against these microorganisms with Streptococcus sp being the most susceptible. Conclusions: Hunteria umbellata has potential as natural therapeutic agents against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp and they may prevent pathogenic diseases.

scholarly journals Investigation of antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-enriched extracts against probiotic lactic acid bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Milena Dimitrova ◽  
Galin Ivanov ◽  
Kiril Mihalev ◽  
Alexander Slavchev ◽  
Ivelina Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
By Products

The antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial plant by-products (strawberry and bilberry press residues and distilled rose petals) against probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus – S10 and S19; Lactobacillus rhamnosus – YW and S25; Lactobacillus gasseri – S20; Streptococcus thermophilus – S13 and S32) was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in most strains tested was found to be relatively high (from 6.25 mg.mL-1 to 12.50 mg.mL-1). The maximum concentration of polyphenols without inhibitory effect (MCWI) ranges from 0.390mg.mL-1 to 0.781mg.mL-1. The results obtained in the present study showed that among the tested lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus – S19, Lactobacillus rhamnosus – YW and Streptococcus thermophilus – S13 had the best growth characteristics in polyphenol-enriched culture medium. These strains had the highest MIC and MCWI values and could be used as starter cultures for polyphenol-fortified fermented milks. Practical applications: The use of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial plant by-products (waste) – distilled rose petals (by-products of rose oil production) and strawberry and bilberry press residues (by-products of fruit juice production) contribute for improving the economic effect and for solving environmental problems in food industry. Development of functional fermented milks with combination of probiotic starter cultures and polyphenol extracts is current and perspective direction of food industry.

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