scholarly journals Design of experiment analysis of elevated temperature wear of Mg-WC nano-composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Sudip Banerjee ◽  
◽  
Goutam Sutradhar ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Residual Plots ◽  
Taguchi Robust Design ◽  
Minimum Wear

Current study explores the effect of selected process parameters i.e. wt.% of reinforcement (A), elevated temperature (B) and load (C) on wear characteristics of Mg-WC nanocomposites using Taguchi robust design concept. Ultrasonic treated stir casting is employed to synthesize nanocomposites. Three levels for every factor are taken into consideration and accordingly L27 orthogonal array (OA) is used for minimization of wear rate. Main effect plot is generated to investigate the important parameters and optimality is also predicted from the main effect plot. Optimal condition for minimum wear rate is 2wt.% of WC, 100°C temperature and 20N load (A3B1C1). Interaction plots are generated to scrutinize the interaction outcome between selected parameters. ANOVA study is executed to evaluate significant parameters and their effective handout on output. Current investigation reveals, Wt.% of WC is the most significant factor while temperature and load are moderately significant. Among the interacting parameters, interaction between wt.% of WC & temperature (A×B) has moderate significance. Wt.% of WC (A) has 43.135% contribution while temperature (B), load (C) and interaction between wt.% of WC & temperature (A×B) have 26.623%, 19.037% and 5.639% contribution respectively. Residual plots for wear rate are discussed and confirmation test finally helps to validate present experimental model. S/N ratio is improved by 4.411 dB (48.60%) than the initial condition.

A study on tribological behaviour and analysis of ZnO reinforced AA6061 matrix composites fabricated by stir casting route

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Sadhasivam RM ◽  
Ramanathan K. ◽  
Bhuvaneswari B.V. ◽  
Raja R.
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
The Matrix

Purpose The most promising replacements for the industrial applications are particle reinforced metal matrix composites because of their good and combined mechanical properties. Currently, the need of matrix materials for industrial applications is widely satisfied by aluminium alloys. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tribological behaviour of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles reinforced AA6061 composites prepared by stir casting route. Design/methodology/approach In this study, AA6061 aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with varying weight percentages (3%, 4.5% and 6%) of ZnO particles, including monolithic AA6061 alloy samples, is cast by the most economical fabrication method, called stir casting. The prepared sample was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, experimental density measurement by Archimedian principle and theoretical density by rule of mixture and hardness test to investigate mechanical property. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the composites was investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer with various applied loads of 15 and 20 N, with constant sliding velocity and distance. The wear rate, coefficient of friction (COF) and worn surfaces of the composite specimens and their effects were also investigated in this work. Findings XPS results confirm the homogeneous distribution of ZnO microparticles in the Al matrix. The Vickers hardness result reveals that higher ZnO reinforced (6%) sample have 34.4% higher values of HV than the monolithic aluminium sample. The sliding wear tests similarly show that increasing the weight percentage of ZnO particles leads to a reduced wear rate and COF of 30.01% and 26.32% lower than unreinforced alloy for 15 N and 36.35% and 25% for 20 N applied load. From the worn surface morphological studies, it was evidently noticed that ZnO particles dispersed throughout the matrix and it had strong bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix, which significantly reduced the plastic deformation of the surfaces. Originality/value The uniqueness of this work is to use the reinforcement of ZnO particles with AA6061 matrix and preparing by stir casting route and to study and analyse the physical, hardness and tribological behaviour of the composite materials.

Tribological Property Investigation of Self-Lubricating Molybdenum-Based Zirconia Ceramic Composite Operational at Elevated Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Ghosh ◽  
Subhrojyoti Mazumder ◽  
Bipin Kumar Singh ◽  
Harish Hirani ◽  
Poulomi Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Wear Debris Analysis

Abstract Three mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) with 0.5 wt% of magnesium oxide (MgO) and 6 wt% of molybdenum (Mo) were prepared by the pressureless sintering process, and the friction and wear behavior of the ceramic composite were studied against the alumina disc. Tribological tests were carried out both at room temperature as well as at an elevated temperature (500 °C). The result revealed that a substantial reduction of ∼50% in the friction coefficient and ∼31% reduction in the wear rate were achieved while 6 wt% Mo was added into the 3Y-TZP matrix operational at 500 °C. No significant tribological influence was observed with the addition of Mo at the normal operating temperature. The minimum coefficient of friction and low specific wear rate were achieved because of the formation of MoO3 in between the mating surfaces at elevated temperature. The worn surfaces were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The formation of MoO3 phases was identified by wear debris analysis which was performed with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Effects of Red Mud Reinforcement on Hardness, Wear Behaviour of Cast Al-6Si-0.45 Mg Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Geetha ◽  
K. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Casting Technique

An Investigation was carried out to study the effect of red mud reinforcement in Al-6Si-0.45Mg alloy (A356) for improving hardness, wear rate and co-efficient friction. The red mud 53 micron size particles collected from MALCO, Mettur, Tamil Nadu, India, was preheated in a furnace to 500o C and mixed with molten Al-6Si-0.45Mg alloy to make the composite specimens. Al-6Si-0.45Mg alloy-red mud composite specimens were manufactured by stir casting technique using Al-6Si-0.45Mg alloy as matrix and reinforced with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% volume percentages red mud as the reinforcement. The Al-6Si-0.45Mg alloy–red mud composite specimens were T6 heat treated to improve the mechanical properties. The artificial aging time and aging duration were varied to study their effect on mechanical properties of the composites. Then the specimens hardness, wear rate and coefficient of friction were tested as per ASTM standards. It was found that the hardness increased when the red mud content was increased in the base alloy at all the heat treatment conditions. The peak age timing which gives highest hardness was found to decrease with increased red mud content. The wear rate was decreased when the hardness was increased. The effect of solution treatment and artificial aging on the microstructure was also studied by microscopy.

scholarly journals Investigations on Microstructure, Mechanical, Thermal, and Tribological Behavior of Cu-MWCNT Composites Processed by Powder Metallurgy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stalin ◽  
M. Ravichandran ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
M. Meignanamoorthy ◽  
G. T. Sudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Mwcnt Content ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Minimum Wear

Copper (Cu) metal matrix composite (MMC) was developed with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcement by using powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The composition of the composites is Cu, Cu-4 wt% MWCNT, Cu-8 wt% MWCNT, and Cu-12 wt% MWCNT. The Cu and MWCNTs were blended for 6 hours in a ball mill and compacted at a 6 ton pressure to form green compacts using a 10 ton hydraulic press. Using a tubular furnace, the heat was applied at 900°C for 1.5 hours to impart strength and integrity to the green compacts. Milled composite blends were studied to analyze its characterization through SEM and EDAX analysis. Characterization studies such as SEM and EDAX confirm the presence and even dispersion of Cu and MWCNT constituents. The relative density, hardness, and ultimate compressive strength have been studied, and a remarkable improvement in properties has been obtained by the inclusion of MWCNTs. The composites reinforced by 8 and 12 wt% MWCNT were recorded with low thermal conductivity than the Cu composite reinforced by 4 wt% MWCNT. A wear study was analyzed using Taguchi technique for determining the effect caused by the wear test parameters and MWCNT content on wear rate. The optimized parameter that contributes minimum wear rate was identified as 12 wt% MWCNT content, 10 N applied load, 2 m/s sliding velocity, and 500 m sliding distance. Based on the obtained results, it could be understood that the produced composites can be utilized for various applications like relay contact springs and switchgear, rotor bars, and bus bars.

scholarly journals Wear Evolution of the Glass Fiber-Reinforced PTFE under Dry Sliding and Elevated Temperature

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxuan Huang ◽  
Siqi Ma ◽  
Meidi Zhang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Dehong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The wear evolution of the glass fiber reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding against duplex steel at elevated temperature was investigated using the interrupted wear tests coupling with the worn surface observations. The morphological changes of the PTFE composite during the sliding were related to the variation of the tribological properties to analyze the underlying wear mechanisms. Results show that the coefficient of friction and wear rate change with the increase of temperature. During the sliding, three regions can be identified regardless of the temperature. The high temperature is beneficial to the formation of tribo-film. The sequence of wear evolution is PTFE removal, load transfer to glass fiber, and minor formation of tribo-film for the low temperature condition. For high temperatures, the wear behaviors are more complicated. The different phenomena include the third body abrasion, flake delamination of PTFE matrix, scratching and reformation of transfer film on the counterface, and the filling of the large scale PTFE groove. These behaviors may dominate the different stages in the stable region, but occur simultaneously and cause the dynamic steady wear. As a result, the wear rate at 200 °C is slightly fluctuant.

Optimization of Tribological Behavior of Mg-Wc Nanocomposites at Elevated Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1135-1152
Author(s):  
Sudip Banerjee ◽  
Suswagata Poria ◽  
Goutam Sutradhar ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Stir Casting ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Response Variables

The present investigation scrutinizes the role of wt.% of WC (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%), operating temperature (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250°C) and load (20, 30 and 40N) on wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) of Mg-WC nanocomposites. A multilevel full factorial design is considered to optimize the response variables. Mg-WC nanocomposites are synthesized through ultrasonic vibration assisted stir casting method. Tribological tests are performed in a pin-on-disk tribotester at dry sliding condition. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to visualize the microstructural phases and distribution of reinforcements respectively. Main effect plots and interaction plots are analyzed to find the effect of selected parameters and their interactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also carried out for response variables to find the significant parameters. Linear regression equations are also generated to relate the output and input parameters. Worn surfaces are studied with the help of SEM images to examine the wear mechanisms.

Wear performance of Al-TiC composite at elevated temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshan Agrawal ◽  
Vinod Tungikar
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pin On Disc

Purpose Aluminium matrix composites are subjected to wear as well as higher temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder heads and blocks for car engines. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of aluminium metal matrix composite at elevated temperature. Design/methodology/approach In the present work wear performance of Al-TiC composite with 7.5% reinforcement of TiC powder is carried out at elevated temperature. The composite specimens are prepared with the help of centrifugal casting method to get the large segregation of reinforcement on the outer layer of the composite which is subjected to wear. Taguchi method is used for preparing design of experiments. Findings The wear test is performed on DUCOM pin on disc setup having the heating chamber facility. The results of wear test are analysed with the help of MINITAB 19 software. The results show that temperature has dominant effect on the wear rate. The mathematical model through regression is predicted for wear rate and coefficient of friction. The study of worn-out surface is performed with the help of scanning electron microscope. The micrographs show that the type of wear is changes from abrasive to severe wear and some delamination. Originality/value The experiments are conducted as per ASTM standards. The results give the mathematical equation for wear rate and coefficient of friction at elevated temperatures.

Tribological Behavior of Mg-Mg2Si In Situ Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Kaliamma Ajith Kumar ◽  
Uma Thanu Subramonia Pillai ◽  
Bellambettu Chandrasekhara Pai ◽  
Madhusudan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Grain Boundary Sliding ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Boundary Sliding ◽  
Si Content ◽  
State Processing

Mg-Mg2Si in-situ composites by the addition of Si in Mg have become more attractive since the Mg2Si phase impedes the grain boundary sliding at elevated temperature because of its inherent properties which greatly improve the heat and wear resistances. In the present work, Mg-Mg2Si composites have been prepared by the liquid state processing with different amount of silicon additions. The microstructure and dry sliding tribological behavior of the composites have been studied. SEM studies reveal the wear mechanisms involved in these composites. The results indicate that wear rate of the composites is a function of Mg2Si content in the composite. The effect of Mg2Si morphology and distribution on the overall mechanism is also discussed.

Economics of the Abrasive Cutoff Operation

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
D. A. Farmer ◽  
M. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minimum Wear

A minimum rate of wear exists at a particular downfeed rate in the abrasive cutoff operation. When the feed rate is lower than this value, wear is excessive due to high temperatures in the outer portions of the wheel. On the other hand, when the feed rate is higher than the minimum wear rate value, wear is also excessive due to insufficient space between active grains to accommodate the chips. In practice, a feed rate somewhat higher than the mininum wear rate value should be chosen since this will correspond to minimum cost per cut. Methods of arriving at the cost optimum downfeed rate for the abrasive cutoff operation are presented, including special charts for use in the workshop.

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