scholarly journals Wildfire Smoke Exposure Worsens Learning Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Wen ◽  
Marshall Burke

Wildfires and associated smoke exposure have increased in frequency and severity over the past two decades, threatening to undo decades of air quality improvements. Our understanding of the impacts of these growing exposures on a range of societal outcomes remains incomplete. Building on emerging evidence that environmental exposures can negatively affect cognition, we investigate the effect of wildfire smoke exposure on learning outcomes across the US. We combine standardized test score data from 2009-2016 for nearly 11,700 public school districts across 6 grades with satellite-derived estimates of daily smoke exposure. We estimate that relative to a school year with no smoke, average cumulative daily smoke-attributable PM2.5 exposure during the school year (~35 ug/m^3) reduces both English language arts and math scores by ~0.16% of a standard deviation. These impacts are more pronounced among younger primary school students and are apparent across communities with differing levels of economic disadvantage and racial-ethnic composition. Using previous estimates of the relationship between test score performance and future earnings, we estimate that smoke PM2.5 exposure in 2016 reduced discounted future earnings by $117 per student, resulting in cumulative future earning losses of nearly $1.9 billion across the US. Roughly 80% of these costs are borne by disadvantaged districts. Our findings quantify a previously unaccounted for social cost of wildfire that is likely to worsen under a warming climate.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Ruth Dittrich ◽  
Stuart McCallum

There has been an increasing interest in the economic health cost from smoke exposure from wildfires in the past 20 years, particularly in the north-western USA that is reflected in an emergent literature. In this review, we provide an overview and discussion of studies since 2006 on the health impacts of wildfire smoke and of approaches for the estimation of the associated economic cost. We focus on the choice of key variables such as cost estimators for determining the economic impact of mortality and morbidity effects. In addition, we provide an in-depth discussion and guidance on the functioning, advantages and challenges of BenMAP-CE, freely available software of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that has been used in a growing number of studies to assess cost from wildfire smoke. We highlight what generates differences in outcomes between relevant studies and make suggestions for increasing the comparability between studies. All studies, however, demonstrate highly significant health cost from smoke exposure, in the millions or billions of US dollars, often driven by increases in mortality. The results indicate the need to take health cost into account for a comprehensive analysis of wildfire impacts.


2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Kertesi ◽  
Gábor Kézdi

This paper documents and decomposes the test score gap between Roma and non-Roma 8th graders in Hungary in 2006. Our data connect national standardized test scores to an individual panel survey with detailed data on ethnicity and family background. The test score gap is approximately one standard deviation for both reading and mathematics, which is similar to the gap between African-American and White students of the same age group in the US in the 1980s. After accounting for on health, parenting, school fixed effects and family background, the gap disappears in reading and drops to 0.15 standard deviation in mathematics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Besse Intan Permatasari

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of creativity on mathematics learning outcomes of students of Mathematics Education in University of Balikpapan Study Program on Linear Algebra Courses. The approach used is a quantitative approach with ex post facto research type. The population of this research is all students of Mathematics Education Study Program Linear Algebra Course in the School Year 2017/2018, which are 49 students. Samples were chosen randomly are 25 students. The results showed that there is a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes in Linear Algebra Subject


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Sultan

ABSTRAK : Penilaian ini berisi proses pembelajaran IPS pada siswa kelas VI yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 18 Kendari. Tujuan dan karya tulis ini, adalah membuktikanbahwa kegiatan bermain dan membuat display dapat memberikan keberhasilan pada proses pembelajaran siswa dalam rangka pencapaian mastery learning. Dalam penelitian ini penulis melibatkan 12 siswa kelas VI yang ada di SD Negeri 18 Kendari yaitu siswa kelas VI untuk tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Alat penilaian yang digunakan berbentuk tes dan non tes. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Antara lain siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berkaitan. Faktor yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah proses pembelajaran siswa yakni mengamati kelancaran pembelajaran, suasana dan aktivitas pembelajaran serta hasil belajar siswa. Rubrik penilaian dilakukan pada saat siswa terlibat dalam kegiatan kelompok ketiga membuat display dan melakukan permainan. Rubrik bertujuan untuk melihat keterampilan-keterampilan yang diharapkan pada paradigma pembelajaran dalam pedoman KTSP yaitu,1) learning to know, 2) Learning to do, 3) leraning to be, dan 4) learning to live togather telah dicapai oleh siswa. Perbandingan hasil pre-test, siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III, serta rubrik penilaian saat pembuatan display dan permainan menunjukan bahwa keterampilan yang diharapkan dari setiap kriteria penilaian dapat dilalui dengan nilai yang baik oleh semua kelompok. Meskipun penilaian rubrik dilakukan dalam kelompok, namun keterampilan itu tetap menjadi tanggung jawab setiap individu siswa. Hal penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan tehnik permainan dan display dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS karena suasana belajar dirasakan menyenangkan dan siswa lebih aktif menyelesaikan tugas serta terjadi peningkatan prestasi belajar. Kata Kunci: Aktivitas, Prestasi Belajar, STADABSTRACT: This assessment contains the social studies learning process for grade VI students conducted at SD Negeri 18 Kendari. The purpose and this paper, is to prove that playing activities and making displays can provide success in the learning process of students in order to achieve mastery learning. In this study the authors involved 12 grade VI students in 18 Public Elementary School Kendari, namely grade VI students for the 2014/2015 school year. Assessment tools used in the form of tests and non-tests. This research was conducted in three cycles. Among other cycles I, cycle II and cycle III is a series of interrelated activities. The factors examined in this study were the students' learning processes, namely observing the smooth learning, the atmosphere and learning activities and student learning outcomes. The assessment rubric is done when students are involved in third group activities making displays and playing games. The rubric aims to look at the skills expected in the learning paradigm in the SBC guidelines, namely, 1) learning to know, 2) learning to do, 3) learning to be, and 4) learning to live togather has been achieved by students. Comparison of pre-test results, cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III, as well as the assessment rubric when making displays and games shows that the skills expected from each assessment criteria can be passed with good grades by all groups. Although the rubric assessment is done in groups, the skill remains the responsibility of each individual student. This study shows that the application of game and display techniques can improve social studies learning outcomes because the learning atmosphere is felt to be fun and students are more active in completing assignments and there is an increase in learning achievement. Keywords: Activities, Learning Achievement, STAD


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Achmad Alim Asriadi

IMPROVING STUDENT ACTIVITY AND LEARNING OUTCOMES IN INHERITANCE MATERIALS IN LIVING INTERESTS WITH MICA PLASTIC TOOLSThis study aims to determine the increase in student activity and learning outcomes, describe the process of increasing student activity and learning outcomes, and measure the magnitude of the increase in activity and learning outcomes in inheritance material in living things. The use of plastic mica props in class IXC SMP Negeri 8 Bogor City Semester 1 of the 2019/2020 school year. This research is a Classroom Action Research by providing action on research subjects in two learning cycles. The results of this study indicate that using plastic mica props can be a fun variation of learning for students so that it is proven to improve student learning outcomes. Before using the plastic mica props, the learning outcomes of students only reached an average value of 68.18 then an increase occurred after using the mica plastic props to 85.15 in cycle 1 and 90.15 in cycle 2. So it can be concluded that the use of props mica plastic is very popular with students and there is an increase in student learning outcomes. Therefore, researchers suggest that the use of plastic mica props be socialized and used as an alternative in science learning in schools


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nur Abida

This research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of students of class V A of SD Negeri 136 Pekanbaru, with an average value of 68.25 and of 34 students only 11 students who reach the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). This research is a classroom action research (CAR) conducted aimed at improving the learning outcomes of class A students by applying the Group investigation (GI) type of cooperative learning model. The subjects of this study were class V A students in the 2018/2019 school year. Data collection instruments in this study were teacher activity sheets and student activities and learning outcomes. It can be seen from the results of the implementation of classroom actions carried out 2 cycles, namely the first cycle of students who completed as many as 23 people (67.65%) and students who did not complete 13 people (31.70%), in the second cycle the cycle students completed completely (100 %). There are no more students who receive grades below the KKM. The results showed that the application of the Group investigation (GI) type of cooperative learning model could improve the mathematics learning outcomes of students in class V A of SD Negeri 136 Pekanbaru.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Fajriah Hasanah Tri Komara ◽  
Zetra Hainul Putra ◽  
Neni Hermita

This research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 136 Pekanbaru, with an average score of 68.25 and only 17 of 40 reach the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). This research is a classroom action research (CAR) conducted aimed at improving the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth graders by implementing a cooperative model of picture and picture type. The subjects of this study were 40 fourth grade students of class IVB in 2019/2020 school year. Data collection instruments in this study were teacher activity sheets and student activities and learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that student learning outcomes increased by 13.26% from an average of 68.25 to 77.3 in cycle I. In the second cycle it increased to 24.54% with an average of 85. Teacher activity also increased from 75 .00% with enough category in the first cycle of the first meeting to be 96.43% very good category in the second meeting of the second cycle. The results showed that the application of the Cooperative model type Picture and picture could improve the mathematics learning outcomes of class IVB students of SD Negeri 136 Pekanbaru.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoni Sakti Amroin ◽  
Nanik Indahwati

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of basic kick motion skills in pencak silat through variations of the basic 'T' and front kick motion using assistive media in fifth grade students of SDN Pinggir Papas I in the 2020/2021 academic year.This research was a Classroom Action Research (PTK). The research was carried out using one cycle, if the desired results have not been achieved then the following cycle is continued, with each cycle consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects of this study were twenty-four students of grade five SDN Pinggir Papas I for the 2020/2021 academic year. The data sources came from teachers and students. Data collection by front kick pencak silat and activity observation during the teaching and learning activities of kicks in pencak silat using learning aids. The data in this study were in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. In this research, it produces data on the improvement of students in learning the basic movements of the T kick and front of the pencak silat with variations and learning aids. The achievement of completeness of the learning outcomes of the pencak silat T kick from pre-cycle one is about sixty-seven percent. From cycle one to cycle two amounted to twenty five percent. Meanwhile, learning outcomes for front kicks from pre-cycle to cycle 1 experienced an increase of fifty-four percent.The improvement of learning outcomes for T and forwards kicks with variations in T and forwards kick exercises has increased until it reaches the learning target, namely reaching the good and very good categories. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion is: Variations in the basic motion of the 'T' kick and forwards in learning can improve learning outcomes of the basic movement skills of pencak silat kicks in fifth grade students of SDN Piggir Papas I in the 2020/2021 school year.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mang ◽  
Kate J. McKnelly ◽  
Michael Morris

The Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) instituted an upper-division “Writing for Chemists” course in fall 2017 that fulfills part of UCI’s writing graduation requirement. During the 2019-2020 school year, we re-designed the course using a specifications grading system with the following goals: 1) to teach students how to develop their own writing practice, while mastering chemistry discipline-specific writing conventions, 2) to provide students with frequent and constructive instructor and teaching assistant (TA) feedback by providing ample revision opportunities, 3) to increase transparency in how students can achieve course SLOs, and 4) to provide students with consistent and clear assessment rubrics. This specifications grading approach uses a high-pass, low-pass, unsatisfactory system predicated on whether students meet a certain number of criteria for each assignment. Achievement of Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) was assessed using criteria instead of points so that instructors and students could more objectively measure student learning. Standardized rubrics and a student grade tracker helped students understand the relationship between meeting criteria, achieving SLOs, and earning grades. Students completed surveys at the end of the course to determine if their writing habits and attitudes towards writing changed. After the course, students self-reported increased propensities to pre-write and edit, and several students mentioned that they appreciated the transparency of the specifications rubrics and the control the specifications system gave them over their grades.


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