scholarly journals 新型コロナウイルス感染症のヘルスリテラシーと心身の健康及び生活への影響との関連

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hirai ◽  
Asayo Yamamura ◽  
Mai Kato ◽  
Mao Yagihashi ◽  
Asako Miura
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Protection

In our previous study Survey 1, we found infection prevention behaviors were characterized by health literacy and found to be divided into six segments: "majority/social defense”, “self-judgment/self-protection”, "threat denying”, "hoax affinity/optimism," "vigilance/self-protection”, and "hyper-vigilance/social defense”.The purpose of this study is to examine the real-life influences and behaviors of different types of health literacy. The 3,800 respondents to Survey 2 were asked to answer again, and the 3,000 who responded were targeting in the study.In the result, we found that "majority/social defense" and "hyper-vigilance/social defense" were lowered in their visits to the hospital for the purpose of prevention and visitation. In addition, the intention to vaccinate was lower for "hoax affinity/optimism" and "Threat denial”. Furthermore, "Threat denial" was the highest that respondents thought vaccines were unnecessary.This study revealed there were two potential high-risk factors in the life under infectious disaster. In the first, it is suggested that early detection of serious diseases may be delayed, resulting in a higher health risk than having an infectious disease. In the second, it is suggested that "hoax affinity/optimism" and "threat-denying" segments may be less likely to be vaccinated, and it is considered the segments needed the highly supports when infection prevention measures would be promoted.

scholarly journals 新型コロナウイルス感染症のヘルスリテラシーとリスクテイク行動および予防行動との関連

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hirai ◽  
Asayo Yamamura ◽  
Mai Kato ◽  
Mao Yagihashi ◽  
Asako Miura
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Self Protection

In our previous study Survey 1, we found infection prevention behaviors were characterized by health literacy and found to be divided into six segments: "majority/social defense”, “self-judgment/self-protection”, "threat denying”, "hoax affinity/optimism," "vigilance/self-protection”, and "hyper-vigilance/social defense”.The purpose of this study is to confirm the validity of segmentation by health literacy and to examine its relationship with risk-taking behavior and infection prevention behavior.The 6,000 respondents to Survey 1 were asked to answer again, and the 3,800 who responded were targeting in the study.In the results, we found that the fear of infectious diseases and the cognitive bias to believe that they will not be infected led to a regression to each segment, with significant differences between the segments. Significant differences in risk-taking and infection prevention behaviors were also found among the segments. In addition, there was no significant difference in the use of the “ Go to campaign “ among the segments.In risk-taking behavior, "self-judgment and self-protection" is considered to be a risk-taking behavior if the risk of infection is judged to be low based on accurate information obtained by the individual. Threat denial" has the lowest level of infection prevention behavior and is considered to take high-risk behaviors without hesitation. Over-vigilance and social defense" is considered to be a preventive behavior instead of risk-taking behavior due to over-vigilance against infection. In the “Go to campaign” , even if the respondents were highly susceptible to infection and felt threatened by infectious diseases, and even if they had no cognitive bias against infectious diseases, they would use this campaign.

Graft detachments in endothelial keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318092
Author(s):  
Rashmi Deshmukh ◽  
Sridevi Nair ◽  
Darren Shu Jeng Ting ◽  
Tushar Agarwal ◽  
Jacqueline Beltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Secondary Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Donor Graft

Graft detachment is the most common complication of endothelial keratoplasty. With the ongoing advancements in the field of endothelial keratoplasty, our understanding of risk factors of graft detachments and its management has been evolving. Various prevention measures have been described in literature including presoaking the donor graft, anterior chamber tamponade, venting incisions, sutures to prevent dislocation of graft. Management of a detached graft involves secondary interventions such as rebubbling, suturing and regrafts. In this review, we discuss graft detachment in different types of endothelial keratoplasty techniques including Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty; with emphasis on incidence, risk factors, preventive measures and their management.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOURS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Waratchaya Putsiri ◽  
◽  
Subunya Jaroenjiengchai ◽  
Supanut Artamnuayvipas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Accessible Method ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

COVID-19 is an infectious disease attributable to SARS-CoV-2, which is transmitted by direct and indirect transmission. There are some measures that have been introduced to society in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 including face masks, hand hygiene, face shields, and social distancing. Face masks have become one of the most common preventive instruments against viral spreading. The primary use of face masks is to protect or contain the viral mode of transmission such as droplets. Face masks have different types that demonstrate specific uses. Hand hygiene is an accessible method that people can follow. The benefit of hand hygiene appears to be the ability to trap germs and remove them away. In a more sophisticated use, face shields are used together with face masks in order to better the performance of protecting the virus from different directions. Social distancing is known as one of the popular measures among many countries. To decrease the rate of COVID-19 infection, standing 1-2 metres is recommended. We hope that our review paper would provide useful information for the readers, which could be applied in real life. Also, we fully appreciate being a reliable supplement for the following research.

Preparing Returning Workplaces for COVID-19: An Occupational Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Mikhael Yosia ◽  
Nuri Purwito Adi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Response Plan

With the COVID-19 pandemic continuing and the resulting economic burden increasingly apparent, the Indonesian government began to prepare a "new normal" phase and make peace with COVID-19. From this new decision arises the question of the readiness of businesses and the industrial sector to resume operations amid COVID-19. This article aims to provide concise and precise information about the preparations that can be made by businesses to operate safely amid COVID-19 based on existing scientific studies and literatures. From the literature visits it can be concluded that transmission and danger of a COVID-19 pandemic can be prevented through: creation of infectious disease prevention and response plan, implementing basic infection prevention measures, policies and procedures for proper identification and isolation of sick people, applying flexibilities in policies, and protections in the workplace.

scholarly journals Preparing Returning Workplaces for COVID-19: An Occupational Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhael Yosia ◽  
Nuri Purwito Adi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Response Plan

With the COVID-19 pandemic continuing and the resulting economic burden increasingly apparent, the Indonesian government began to prepare a "new normal" phase and make peace with COVID-19. From this new decision arises the question of the readiness of businesses and the industrial sector to resume operations amid COVID-19. This article aims to provide concise and precise information about the preparations that can be made by businesses to operate safely amid COVID-19 based on existing scientific studies and literatures. From the literature visits it can be concluded that transmission and danger of a COVID-19 pandemic can be prevented through: creation of infectious disease prevention and response plan, implementing basic infection prevention measures, policies and procedures for proper identification and isolation of sick people, applying flexibilities in policies, and protections in the workplace.

scholarly journals 新型コロナウイルス感染症のヘルスリテラシーの違いによる対象者セグメンテーション

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hirai ◽  
Asayo Yamamura ◽  
Mai Kato ◽  
Mao Yagihashi ◽  
Asako Miura
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Of Infection ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
Small Risk ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Self Protection

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of the risk communication for COVID-19.　We conducted the cross-sectional questionnaire survey, for 6,000 people (male = 3000, female = 3000, M = 49.41±16.59), regarded as health literacy. In the result, it is revealed there were 6 segments: "majority/social defense" in which people had the most common beliefs and thought PCR testing is necessary for all, "self-judgment/self-protection" that was highly literate, "threat denying" that completely denied threats and prevention of infection, "hoax affinity/optimism" that took in information without discernment, "vigilance/self-protection," in which people felt threatened by infection but thought that PCR testing was unnecessary, and "hyper vigilance/social defense," in which people protected others if there was even a small risk.

scholarly journals Impact of Antibody Cocktail Therapy Combined with Casirivimab and Imdevimab on Clinical Outcome for Covid-19 patients in A Real-Life Setting: A Single Institute Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Kakinoki ◽  
Kazuki Yamada ◽  
Yoko Tanino ◽  
Keiko Suzuki ◽  
Takaya Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Antibody Cocktail

ABSTRACT Background. Recent data from clinical trial suggest that antibody cocktail therapy, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been shown to rapidly reduce the viral load and markedly decrease the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, it remains unclear how effective in a real-life clinical setting the therapy is. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed mild to moderate Covid-19 patients with one or more high-risk factors for severe disease who consecutively underwent the antibody cocktail therapy of the disease in our institute in June 2021 through early September 2021, compared to those with high-risk factors who were isolated in non-medical facilities consecutively during the same period, thereby being not given the antibody cocktail therapy there. The key outcome was the percentage of patients with Covid-19-related deterioration which needed additional medical interventions, such as oxygen support or other antiviral therapies. Results. Data from 55 patients with initially receiving antibody cocktail therapy and 53 patients with isolation into non-medical facilities are analyzed. 22 (41.5 %) of 53 patients with isolation facilities were finally hospitalized to receive medical interventions. On the other hand, 13 (23.6 %) of 55 patients with antibody cocktail therapy in our hospital subsequently underwent further medical interventions because of the progression. In multivariate analysis with variables of age, BMI, and high-risk factors, the antibody cocktail therapy significantly reduced 70 % in the need for further medical interventions compared to the initial isolation in the non-medical facilities (odds ratio=0.30, 95%CI [0.10-0.87], p=0.027). Furthermore, patients with 96% or above of SPO2 were significantly more favorable for the therapy than those with 95% or below of SPO2. Conclusion. The treatment of antibody cocktail was closely linked to reduction in the need for further medical interventions. The result indicates that the antibody cocktail therapy is associated with reducing the strain on hospitals, which is related to the improvement of medical management for public health care in Covid-19 pandemic era.

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

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