scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of the Aqueous Root Extract of Triclisia dictyophylla

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anslem O Ajugwo ◽  
Anthony C Ezimah ◽  
Francis M Awah ◽  
Philippe E Mounbegna ◽  
Celestine C Azikiwe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Active Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Triclisia dictyophylla have been used traditionally for the treatment of different ailments. The root was therefore subjected to phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial/antifungal activity against some hospital-strain disease causing microorganisms. Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening. The extract was subjected to antimicrobial/antifungal activity using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The sensitivity pattern was compared to that of ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and ofloxacin. Phytochemical analysis revealed mostly alkaloids and protein while tannins, glycoside and saponin were revealed in trace (+) amounts. The extract showed a good antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sputum and on E. coli from both urine and sputum with no antifungal activity. The extract contains active components which could be harnessed for formulation of antibiotics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.7846   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 15-20  

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the methanolic extracts of Bombax buonopozense leaf and root

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin C Akuodor ◽  
Augustine D Essien ◽  
Jemilat A Ibrahim ◽  
Augustine Bassey ◽  
Joseph L Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures

Objective: The leaf and root of Bombax buonopozense which have some ethnomedicinal applications were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against some disease causing microorganisms. Material & Methods: The phytochemical composition was evaluated using standard procedures. Susceptibility of these clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonae, Proteus spp. and Escherichia coli) to the extracts was determined using the agar diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones and carbohydrates (mostly in root). The root extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against all the organisms tested, while the leaf extract had activity on S. aureus and B. subtilis only. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the root extract contain the most active components which may be used to source antibiotic substances for possible treatment of bacterial infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4222 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 190-194 

Synthesis of Chalcones and Nucleosides Incorporating [1, 3, 4]Oxadiazolenone Core and Evaluation of their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-679
Author(s):  
Alok K. Srivastava ◽  
Lokesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity

Background: [1, 3, 4]oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of a variety of benzaldehyde derivatives, obtained from oxidation of substituted 5-(3/6 substituted-4-Methylphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one and various substituted acetophenone. The resultant chalcones were coupled with penta-O-acetylglucopyranose followed by deacetylation to get [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides. Various analytical techniques viz IR, NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of the synthesised compounds.The compounds were targeted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum for antifungal activity. Methods: A mixture of Acid hydrazides (3.0 mmol) and N, Nʹ- carbonyl diimidazole (3.3 mmol) in 15 mL of dioxane was refluxed to afford substituted [1, 3, 4]-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one. The resulted [1, 3, 4]- oxadiazole-2(3H)-one (1.42 mmol) was oxidized with Chromyl chloride (1.5 mL) in 20 mL of carbon tetra chloride and condensed with acetophenones (1.42 mmol) to get chalcones 4. The equimolar ratio of obtained chalcones 4 and β -D-1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-acetylglucopyranose in presence of iodine was refluxed to get nucleosides 5. The [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were tested to determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value with the experimental procedure of Benson using disc-diffusion method. All compounds were tested at concentration of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.31 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL for antifungal activity against three strains of pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) and for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (E. coli), and two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis). Result: The chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis whereas antifungal activity against A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas compounds 5a-t containing glucose moiety showed better activity against fungi. The glucose moiety of compounds 5 helps to enter into the cell wall of fungi and control the cell growth. Conclusion: Chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 incorporating [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core were synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against three fungi; viz. A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. In addition to this, synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria E. Coli and gram positive bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas 5a-t showed better activity against fungi.

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Jamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Delwar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
AKM Musa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an immunosuppressive condition and uncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to various infections like pneumonia. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in diabetic patients is often caused by more virulent or atypical organisms and associated with increased resistance to conventional antibiotics. The aims of this study were to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP in patients with DM and to see their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine & Pulmonology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2013 to December 2015. A total of 120 hospitalized diabetic patients diagnosed with CAP and with a positive sputum culture growth of any bacteria were included in the study.Results: Majority (67%) of the patients were male. Mean age of the patients was - 55.69 ±10.5 years. Mean duration of diabetes was - 7.35 ±1.3 years. Mean HbA1c was - 8.6 ±1.89%. Sputum for culture showed that out of 120 (100%) patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected in 53 (44.2%) patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 18 (15.0%), Pseudomonas species in 16 (13.3%) patients, Acinetobacter in 10 (8.3%), Escherichia coli in 9 (7.5%) patients and 14 (11.7%) patients had growth of other organisms. Sensitivity pattern of different bacterial growth in sputum to commonly used antibiotics like ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem were as follows – Klebsiella (19%, 47%, 74%, 96% respectively), Staph aureus (11%, 33%, 78%, 67% respectively), Pseudomonas (19%, 75%, 81%, 88% respectively), Acinetobacter (0%, 0%, 20%, 50% respectively), E. coli (22%, 22%, 100%, 100% respectively). All (100%) of the Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were sensitive to colistin. Most of the growth of all the bacteria (Klebsiella 94%, Staphylococcus 78%, Pseudomonas 81%, Acinetobacter 100%, E. coli 100%) occurred in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ? 7.0%).Conclusion: This study results suggest that CAP in diabetic patients are more frequently due to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas species and mostly they are less sensitive to commonly used antibiotics like ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. So, whenever possible, treatment of CAP should be guided by sputum culture and sensitivity test and for empirical treatment of CAP in diabetic patients, alternative antibiotics like imipenem and amikacin should be considered.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(2): 101-105

Antimicrobial Properties of Human Lysozyme Transgenic Mouse Milk

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH A. MAGA ◽  
GARY B. ANDERSON ◽  
JAMES S. CULLOR ◽  
WAYNE SMITH ◽  
JAMES D. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Human Lysozyme ◽  
Pseudomonas Fragi ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Industry Standard

The antimicrobial properties of standard human lysozyme and the milk of transgenic mice expressing human lysozyme were investigated using bacterial strains important to the dairy industry. Standard human lysozyme was found to be effective at significantly slowing the growth of the milk cold-spoilage organism Pseudomonas fragi (P < 0.001), of a clinical isolate of the mastitis-causing organism Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.005), and of a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli (P < 0.05). Milk from transgenic mice secreting human lysozyme in their milk at an average concentration of 0.38 mg/ml was found to be bacteriostatic against the cold-spoilage organisms Pseudomonas fragi and Lactobacillus viscous and a mastitis-causing strain of Staphylococcus aureus, but not against a pathogenic strain of E. coli. These results demonstrate that transgenic animals producing human lysozyme in their milk can affect the microbial nature of milk.

Study on Propolis Quality from China and Uruguay

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Serra Bonvehí ◽  
Francesc Ventura Coll
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract The composition, bacteriostatic and ROO• -scavenging potential activities of fifteen propolis samples from various botanic and geographic origins were determined to obtain objective information related to propolis quality. Variance analysis showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and active components between fresh and aged propolis. The state of the product (fresh or aged) could be differentiate by using flavonoid pattern and biological activities. A minimum propolis concentration of 80 μg/ml was required inhibit Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus while 800 μg/ml was required to inhibit Escherichia coli using fresh propolis. Aged propolis inhibit B. subtilis and S. aureus at concentration of 100 μg/ml and E. coli at 1000 μg/ml. A minimum flavonoids percentage of 18 g/100 g and a maximum ROO• -scavenging potential activity of 4.3 μg/ml were determined in fresh propolis. Flavonoids levels in aged propolis were approximately 20% lower than in fresh propolis. A maximum flavonoids percentage of 19.8 g/100 g and a ROO•-scavenging potential activity between 5.7 to 6.4 μg/ml in aged propolis were quantified. Another objective was to assess the use of ROO•-scavenging potential activity in propolis quality.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred O Obonga ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽  
Sampson C Nwabuko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

Evaluation of Capsaicinoids Extracts as Bioactive Substance for Antimicrobial Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Wee Leng ◽  
Ida Idayu Muhamad ◽  
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel ◽  
Nozieana Khairuddin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Active Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Film ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Bioactive Substance ◽  
Antioxidant Agent ◽  
Chili Peppers

Capsaicinoid, a naturally occurring alkaloid group and active components which can be found in chili peppers variety (Capsicum spp.), contributes to the pungency, taste, and aroma of chili peppers. Apart from their culinary and medicinal properties, capsaicinoid functions as antioxidant agent in food preservation. In the current research, the evaluation of bio-active substance of capsaicinoid was carried out to determine its potential in development of antimicrobial film for packaging. A mixture of acetone: petroleum ether (1:1) had been used in extracting the capsaicinoids and carotenoids (natural red pigment).The four types of chili pepper studied were Green Malagueta Salvador, Red Malagueta Salvador, red Thai Capsicum Frutescens and red Cayenne. The optimum capsaicinoids extraction time and amount of carotenoids (color intensity) for each variety of chili peppers were studied. Lastly, antimicrobial properties of AM films were determined as they inhibited both gram-positive (Streptococcus and B. subtilis) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria successfully through agar diffusion test and liquid culture test.

Assessment of Garcinia kola seed as a natural material for water treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Streptococcus

The coagulation and antimicrobial efficiency of Garcinia kola at different concentrations on turbid surface water samples collected from Ogbor Hill River in Aba was studied. Phytochemical analysis showed alkaloid content of 2.11±0.04% while saponin, flavonoid and tannin contents were 0.34±0.04%, 2.16±0.03% and 0.14±0.02%, respectively. Phenol content was 1.65±0.01%. The physicochemical and microbial analysis indicated that the water sample had temperature of 30.5±0.10 ℃, pH of 7.4±0.20, total dissolved solids of 161.54±1.13 mg/L, turbidity of 31.64±0.08 NTU, electrical conductivity of 221.4±0.35 μS/cm, biochemical oxygen demand of 5.87±0.03 mg/L, chloride content of 0.28±0.02 mg/L, nitrate content of 248.6±0.27 mg/L, nitrite content of 1.86±0.04 mg/L, 12.00±1.00 MPN/ml of Total Coliform, (7.67±1.00) x 102 CFU/ml of E. coli, (10.33±1.15) x102 CFU/ml of faecal streptococcus, (15.67±2.52) x 102 CFU/ml of Staphylococcus aureus and too numerous to count (TNTC) for total heterotrophic bacteria. However, microbial reduction after treatment with Garcinia kola seed extract at different concentrations ranged from 41.67–75.00% for total coliform, 34.81–73.92% for E. coli, 12.87-70.96% for Faecal streptococcus, 36.18–68.09% for Staphylococcus aureus and 45.30–65.81% for total heterotrophic bacteria. Garcina kola seed is non-toxic and does not significantly affect the pH and conductivity of the treated water.

scholarly journals Study on Time-related Changes in Aerobic Bacterial Pattern of Burn Wound Infection

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Saha ◽  
N Muazzam ◽  
SA Begum ◽  
A Chowdhury ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

A prospective study was carried out in 50 burn patients admitted in Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of one year from January 2005 to December 2005 to evaluate time-related changes in aerobic bacterial colonization and their sensitivity pattern. Periodic swabs were taken from the burn wound on Day 0, Day 7, Day 14 and Day 21 to see the changing pattern of organisms during hospital stay of patients. In the present study burn injury was highest in the age group 11-20 yrs (34%). Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. The mean percentage of burn was 35.79% of total body surface area (TBSA). Fire was the major cause of burn (38%) followed by electric burn (20%). Among the 200 samples, single organism was isolated in 71% samples and mixed organism in 13.5% and no growth in 14.5%. Among single isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa was leading (28%) followed by Escherichia coli (17.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16%), coagulse negative Staphylococcus (4.5%) and Klebsiella (2%). Among mixed growth Pseudomonas aeruginosa was still leading (11%) follow by E. coli (9.5%) Staphylococcus (5.5%), Proteus (1%) and Klebsiella (0.5%).There were time -related changes in bacterial isolation from burn wound during hospital stay of patients. On admission 42% of the isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus and only 6% each Pseudomonas aerunginosa and E. coli were isolated. No growth was found in 28%. samples. These findings were gradually changing with time and on day 21 Staphylococcus aureus were only 4% whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 40% and E. coli 28%. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. It was most sensitive to Imipenem (98.72%) followed by Aztreonam (33.44%), Ceftazidime (38.32%) and Gentamicin (19.23%). E. coli was also found most sensitive to Imipenem (98.15%) followed by Gentamicin (38.95%), Chloramphenicol (37.1%), Ciprofloxacin (35.25%) and ceftraixone (29.70%). Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amoxiclav and Oxacillin (53.43% each), Gentamicin (44.70%) and Cloxacillin (39.52%). It is crucial for every burn institution to determine the specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, the time-related changes in dominant flora, and the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. This would enable early treatment of septic episodes with proper empirical systemic antibiotics without waiting for culture results, thus improving overall infection related morbidity and mortality. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7410 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 41-45

scholarly journals A study of microbiological analysis and its sensitivity pattern of postoperative wound infections in obstetrics and gynecology department: retrospective study in tertiary institute in Mangalore, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Pramodha Mallik Shagun ◽  
Chaitra S.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Wound Sepsis ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Operative Wound

Background: Infections acquired in hospitals are classified as nosocomial infections. Most of these infections are related to surgery, usually at the post-operative wound site. It is also termed Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Staphylococcus aureus is the documented most common organism that infect surgical wounds. This study was focused on identifying the most common microorganism documented in post-operative wound sepsis in abdomen hysterectomy surgery of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore. The aim of this study was to identify postoperative infection and to determine their current antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed drugs.Methods: Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was carried out in tertiary hospital with a sample size of 90 wound samples, whose records span from Jan 2014-Jan 2018.  The study involved obtaining records of subjects with cases of contamination and isolation of organisms that frequently infect post-operative wound site in abdomen hysterectomy surgery.Results: A total of 79 bacterial isolates were obtained from 95 wound culture samples. In 41 cases, the isolated culture were mono microbial, 39 cultures were polymicrobial whereas no growth was obtained in 15 cases. The results showed that Staphylococcus Aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (48.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.98%) and E. coli (17.72%).Conclusions: The study is therefore important in identifying those at risk of post-operative wound sepsis and the probable causative organisms. This will be useful in the choice of prophylactic antibiotics for treatment of high-risk patients, thereby setting up an empirical antibiogram for use.

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