Epidemiology and etiological diagnosis of infective keratitis in eastern region of Nepal

Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors predisposing to corneal ulceration in patients presenting to Biratnagar Eye Hospital (Nepal). Methods: All patients presenting to Biratnagar Eye Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2011 with corneal ulceration were retrospectively reviewed. Sociodemographic data and information pertaining to risk factors were recorded, all patients were examined and corneal scrapping and cultures were carried out. Results: Over one year period 1644 patients with corneal ulcer were evaluated, out of which 76.6% of patients were in the age range of 30 to 69 years and 65% of patients had presenting visual acuity < 3/60. Ocular trauma was the most common cause of keratitis accounting for 60.3% of corneal ulcer and majority of the patients (40%) presented after 2 weeks of symptoms. Among corneal scraping positive cases 1150 (70%) showed fungus, 73 (4.4%) showed bacteria and 20 (1.2%) showed both bacterial and fungus. Conclusion: Corneal ulcer continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in this region. Lack of awareness about gravity of this disease, financial constraints and geographic barriers remain the major reasons for delay in seeking proper medical help.

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Demographic pattern, clinical features and treatment outcome of patients with infective keratitis in the eastern region of Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3683 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P Lavaju ◽

SK Arya ◽

B Khanal ◽

R Amatya ◽

S Patel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Corneal Ulcer ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Corneal Injury ◽

Vegetative Matter

Background: Corneal ulcer is one of the major causes of monocular blindness in developing countries. Objective: To determine demographic pattern, risk factors, microbiological pattern and treatment outcome of infective keratitis. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of hospital records of 44 patients with clinically-diagnosed infective keratitis presenting to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in the eastern region of Nepal was carried out. Outcome measures: The parameters studied were risk factors and organisms responsible for keratitis. Results: The infective keratitis was mostly prevalent among the males between 21-40 years of age (50%). 79.5 % of them were engaged in agricultural work. A history of corneal injury was found in 30 eyes (68.1%). Vegetative matter was the most common agent of trauma in 17 (56.6%). Culture positivity for microorganisms was observed in 20 (45.5%) samples. Of these, 8 (40%) patients had purely bacterial corneal ulcer. Purely fungal growth was seen in 4 (20%) and mixed in 8 (40%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated bacteria (70%). The other bacteria included Pseudomonas species, E. coli and Acinetobactor. Aspergillus species was the most common fungal organism isolated in 8 (40%) samples. 65.9 % of the patients improved with medical treatment alone. Perforation, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis were the common complications encountered in 11.3%, 4.5% and 4.5% respectively. Conclusion: Corneal ulcer is prevalent in males, predominantly amongst the farmers. Ocular trauma with vegetative matter is the commonest predisposing factor. Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus species are the most commonly isolated organisms in corneal ulcers. Keywords: corneal ulcer; fungal keratitis; ocular trauma DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3683 Nep J Oph 2009;1(2):101-106

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Analysis of Risk Factors for Incisional Hernias and its Management

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v10i2.20803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

S R Paudel ◽

B R Neupane ◽

N V Gurung ◽

A Acharya ◽

A Chapagain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Incisional Hernia ◽

Wound Infection ◽

Mesh Repair ◽

City Hospital ◽

Midline Incision ◽

Primary Surgery ◽

Western Regional ◽

One Year ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Incisional hernia is a common problem after abdominal surgery. Patients present with pain, swelling and intestinal obstruction. It may be repaired by either anatomical suturing or mesh repair.Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in Western Regional Hospital and Fewa City Hospital, Pokhara from 2013 to 2016. A total of consecutive 100 patients admitted in these hospitals during the study period were included.Results: Incisional hernia is more common in females (M : F = 1 : 3.8), and in 30 - 50 years age group (60%). Major risk factors were wound infection (30%), overweight (25%), and postoperative cough (10%). It is found to be more associated with gynecological (65%), than gastrointestinal operations, and more so with lower abdominal midline incision (65%). It is found to occur mostly within one year (60%) of primary surgery than later. Even 24% of the patients had first symptom within six months. Mesh repair (92%) was the preferred standard surgical treatment for incisional hernia.Conclusion: Overweight females of age range between 30 - 50 years with history of gynecological operations by lower abdominal midline incision are more prone to develop incisional hernia. This incidence increases when there is wound infection. Mesh repair is the choice of operation for incisional hernia. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 16-20

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ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE, PREDISPOSING FACTORS, ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF CORNEAL ULCER PATIENTS

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4-A) ◽

pp. 355-357

Author(s):

Bhawna Pant ◽

Prashant Mathur ◽

Yogesh Joshi

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Health Program ◽

Corneal Ulcer ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Corneal Ulceration ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

A corneal ulcer is a painful open sore on the cornea that can cause loss of vision and even blindness. The aim the study is to assess the prevalence, predisposing factors, etiology and treatment of corneal ulcer patients. 100 patients with corneal ulcer were included in the study. A detailed history with socio-demographic information, presenting complaints, predisposing factors, associated risk factors followed by drug therapy was noted carefully. Gender wise distribution showed that males (61%) were mostly affected by corneal ulcer as compared to females (39%). Occupation wise distribution showed that farmers (38%) were affected more as compared to others. Most commonly affected age group was between 41-60 years and majority of affected people were from rural areas (75%). Based on severity of the diseased condition, majority (39%) were diagnosed severe followed by mild (34%) to moderate (27%) among all corneal ulcer patients. The most common predisposing risk factor found for corneal ulcer was ocular trauma (42%). Bacterial infections (44%) were found more commonly than fungal infections (35%) and other causes. Antibiotics were mostly prescribed (44%) followed by traditional eye medicines (23%) and antifungal (16%) drugs. Such comprehensive studies are important to assess the specific epidemiological characteristics of corneal ulceration and are also necessary to define the magnitude of the problem in society, to design an efficient public health program for rapid referral, diagnosis, treatment, and to prevent corneal ulceration in the population at risk, especially in the developing nations.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Work-Related Ocular Trauma among the Carpenters in Medan, Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.441 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2119-2122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis ◽

Vera Limanto ◽

Ruri Putri ◽

Arlina Nurbaity Lubis ◽

Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Working Hours ◽

High Rate ◽

Work Safety ◽

Eye Protection ◽

Work Related ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Age Range ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND: Medan is the capital of North Sumatera Province and the most industrialised area of North Sumatera. One of the largest industries in Medan is the wooden industry. Ocular trauma is often happened in Medan and causes a serious problem. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and the using of eye protection during work and educational level. METHODS: This study is conducted among the carpenters that work in the wooden industry. There were 30 carpenters that being observed about age, educational level and working hours and the using of eye protection during work that might be related to ocular trauma. All carpenters completed a comprehensive examination and interview. RESULTS: The most common age range of ocular trauma was between 26-45 years (56.7%), and all were male. Most of the traumatised carpenters educational level had a higher educational level (50%), and workers that had traumatised works more than 8 hours a day (66.7%). From this study, there was a significant correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and age (p = 0.047), and working hours (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: No significant correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and the using of eye protection during work (p = 0.464), and educational level (0.925) was found. Furthermore to anticipate the high rate of worked-related ocular trauma required labour regulations that cover the age of recruitment workers and working hours a day. Work safety regulation protects the workers from work-related ocular trauma.

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Outcome of Patch Test on Crack Sole among Bangladeshi Population

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research ◽

10.3329/jcamr.v7i2.49593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

Abu Sayeed Mohammad ◽

Shahadat Hossain ◽

Zulfiqur Hossain Khan

Keyword(s):

Patch Test ◽

Clinical History ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Study Population ◽

Bangladeshi Population ◽

One Year ◽

Medical University ◽

Age Range ◽

Test Result

Background: Crack sole may produce significant morbidity among the physical labourer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the patch test result in crack sole which was due to allergic contactants. Methodology: This test was conducted in the Department at Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2001 to June 2002 for a period of one year. Patients with crack sole were selected as study population. All patients were asked about the details clinical history. Patch test was done by individually prepared alminium Finn Chamber mounted on scanpore tape. Result: A total number of 15 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The age range was 8 years to 70 years. Among 15 patients 3 patients were patch test positive remaining 12 patients were patch test negative. Two patient were female and one was male. Conclusion: In conclusion patch test is positive among the crack sole patients. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2020;7(2): 64-67

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THU0254 Risk factors for back pain in a cross sectional and in a one-year follow up study in nurses

10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.798 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

M Brzosko ◽

I Fiedorowicz-Fabrycy ◽

J Fliciñski ◽

H Przepiera-Bêdzak ◽

K Prajs

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Back Pain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

One Year

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Long-term effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) after acute myocardial infarction – the IPP Follow-up and Prevention Boost Trial

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

H Wienbergen ◽

A Fach ◽

S Meyer ◽

J Schmucker ◽

R Osteresch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Study Endpoint ◽

Funding Source ◽

Risk Factor Control ◽

One Year

Abstract Background The effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) for 12 months following 3-week rehabilitation after myocardial infarction (MI) have been proven by the randomized IPP trial. The present study investigates if the effects of IPP persist one year after termination of the program and if a reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) is effective. Methods In the IPP trial patients were recruited during hospitalization for acute MI and randomly assigned to IPP versus usual care (UC) one month after discharge (after 3-week rehabilitation). IPP was coordinated by non-physician prevention assistants and included intensive group education sessions, telephone calls, telemetric and clinical control of risk factors. Primary study endpoint was the IPP Prevention Score, a sum score evaluating six major risk factors. The score ranges from 0 to 15 points, with a score of 15 points indicating best risk factor control. In the present study the effects of IPP were investigated after 24 months – one year after termination of the program. Thereafter, patients of the IPP study arm with at least one insufficiently controlled risk factor were randomly assigned to a 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) vs. no reintervention. Results At long-term follow-up after 24 months, 129 patients of the IPP study arm were compared to 136 patients of the UC study arm. IPP was associated with a significantly better risk factor control compared to UC at 24 months (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points in the IPP group vs. 9.4±2.3 points in the UC group, p<0.01). However, in the IPP group a decrease of risk factor control was observed at the 24-months visit compared to the 12-months visit at the end of the prevention program (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points at 24 months vs. 11.6±2.2 points at 12 months, p<0.05, Figure 1). A 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) was effective to improve risk factor control during long-term course: IPP Prevention Score increased from 10.5±2.1 points to 10.7±1.9 points in the reintervention group, while it decreased from 10.5±2.1 points to 9.7±2.1 points in the group without reintervention (p<0.05 between the groups, Figure 1). Conclusions IPP was associated with a better risk factor control compared to UC during 24 months; however, a deterioration of risk factors after termination of IPP suggests that even a 12-months prevention program is not long enough. The effects of a short reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) indicate the need for prevention concepts that are based on repetitive personal contacts during long-term course after coronary events. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Stiftung Bremer Herzen (Bremen Heart Foundation)

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 inpatients in Birjand, Iran: a single-center retrospective study

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-021-00553-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghodsiyeh Azarkar ◽

Freshteh Osmani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Protein Level ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Single Center ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Survivor Group ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected mortality worldwide. The Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model is becoming more popular in time-to-event data analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics in COVID-19 inpatients including (survivor and non-survivor); thus helping clinicians give the right treatment and assess prognosis and guide the treatment. Methods This single-center study was conducted at Hospital for COVID-19 patients in Birjand. Inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Patients were classified as the discharged or survivor group and the death or non-survivor group based on their outcome (improvement or death). Clinical, epidemiological characteristics, as well as laboratory parameters, were extracted from electronic medical records. Independent sample T test and the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the association of interested variables. The CPH model was used for survival analysis in the COVID-19 death patients. Significant level was set as 0.05 in all analyses. Results The results showed that the mortality rate was about (17.4%). So that, 62(17%) patients had died due to COVID-19, and 298 (83.6%) patients had recovered and discharged. Clinical parameters and comorbidities such as oxygen saturation, lymphocyte and platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein, and liver and kidney function, were statistically significant between both studied groups. The results of the CPH model showed that comorbidities, hypertension, lymphocyte counts, platelet count, and C-reactive protein level, may increase the risk of death due to the COVID-19 as risk factors in inpatients cases. Conclusions Patients with, lower lymphocyte counts in hemogram, platelet count and serum albumin, and high C-reactive protein level, and also patients with comorbidities may have more risk for death. So, it should be given more attention to risk management in the progression of COVID-19 disease.

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Prevalence, Epidemiological Characteristics, and Pharmacotherapy of Coronary Artery Disease among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Data from Jo-Fib Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Hanna K. Al-Makhamreh ◽

Mohammed Q. Al-Sabbagh ◽

Ala’ E. Shaban ◽

Abdelrahman F. Obiedat ◽

Ayman J. Hammoudeh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Antiplatelet Agents ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Cad Risk

Background and Objectives: Patients with AF are at increased risk for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) owing to their shared etiologies and risk factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, cardiovascular risk factors, and used medications of CAD in AF patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, case-control study utilized data from the Jordanian Atrial Fibrillation (Jo-Fib) registry. Investigators collected clinical features, history of co-existing comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS BLED scores for all AF patients aged >18 visiting 19 hospitals and 30 outpatient cardiology clinics. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to asses for factors associated with higher odds of having CAD. Results: Out of 2000 patients with AF, 227 (11.35%) had CAD. Compared to the rest of the sample, those with CAD had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (82.38%; p < 0.01), hypercholesterolemia (66.52%, p < 0.01), diabetes (56.83%, p < 0.01), and smoking (18.06%, p = 0.04). Patients with AF and CAD had higher use of anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents combination (p < 0.01) compared to the rest of the sample. Females had lower CAD risk than males (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24–0.50). AF Patients with dyslipidemia (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.8–3.4), smoking (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.4–1.7), and asymptomatic AF (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) had higher risk for CAD. Conclusions: Owing to the increased prevalence of CAD in patients with AF, better control of cardiac risk factors is recommended for this special group. Future studies should investigate such interesting relationships to stratify CAD risk in AF patients. We believe that this study adds valuable information regarding the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, and pharmacotherapy of CAD in patients with AF.

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