scholarly journals The achievements in the sorghum varieties and hybrids' breeding in the ARC “Donskoy”

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
A. V. Alabushev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder

Sorghum is one of the most important crops in all arid tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central America. In the Russian Federation, the sowing area of sorghum varied from 8.7 to 228.6 thousand ha throughout about 20 years (1999–2018). The main share (93–98%) of the sowing area of sorghum in Russia is located in the Pre-Volga region and the Southern Federal District. The Rostov Region as a part of the Southern Federal District accounts for up to 46–69% of sorghum crops (Kovtunov, 2018). The most effective way to increase productivity and product quality is to create new varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and introduce them into agricultural production. The FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” developed the white-kernelled sorghum varieties “Velikan”, “Zernogradskoye 88” and “Ataman” with 5.41–5.85 t/ha of productivity not only for fodder, but also for food (starch, alcohol). The sweet sorghum varieties “Listvenit”, “Yuzhnoye” and “Feniks” with green mass productivity of 38–46 t/ha are intended for use on green fodder and silage and are characterized by intensive initial growth, lodging resistance, drought resistance, resistance to dust smut, bacteriosis and to cereal aphids. The Sudan grass varieties “Anastasiya”, “Alisa” and “Gratsiaya” developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” are characterized by the intensive initial growth and regrowth. They are middle-ripening, drought tolerant, highly productive with 41–44 t/ha of green mass and 8.3–8.6 t/ha of dry matter. There have been developed and are being tested the promising sorghum-Sudan hybrids with 62–77 t/ha of green mass and 11.4–16.6 t/ha of dry matter obtained in mowing the aftermath.

FODDER PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS VARIETIES AND LINES IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TRIAL IN THE FAR EAST AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
I. B. Trifuntova ◽  
T. А. Aseeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern

A study of the fodder productivity of varieties and selection lines of spring oats was carried out. Field experiments were laid in a competitive study nursery in the fields of a selection crop rotation of the Far East Agricultural Research Institute in 2016-2020. As a result of studying the fodder productivity of oats, varieties and breeding lines were identified: Marshal, Cardinal, Peredovik, Far Eastern fodder, Far Eastern gold 437-05, 392-15, 474-14, combining high grain productivity (from 8.0 t/ha to 8.9 t/ha), green mass (from 79.8 t/ha to 90.3 t/ha) and dry matter (from 11.1 t/ha to 12.8 t/ha). It was found that the duration of the sprouting-sweeping phase depended on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.697) and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.847). Leafiness of plants (r = 0.521), due to the size of leaves (r = 0.643), made a significant contribution to the formation of the yield of green mass in our studies. A positive relationship has been established between productive tillering and grain yield (r = 0.532), green mass yield (r = 0.548), and dry matter collection (r = 0.511). An indirect role in the formation of the yield of green mass of oats is played by plant height (r = 0.451) and lodging resistance (r = 0.421). The yield of green mass of oats in the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East region depends to a greater extent on the leaf area (r = 0.621) than on the plant height (r = 0.451).

scholarly journals The study of the productivity dynamics and quality of forage made from different varieties of alfalfa and sainfoin

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
T. V. Gryazeva ◽  
N. G. Ignatieva ◽  
A. A. Regidin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Productivity Potential

Alfalfa and sainfoin have always been the main perennial fodder legumes in the south of Russia. Because of their economic and biological properties, crop and fodder production have always relied on their cultivation and will rely on it in the future. Insufficient cultivated areas of these legumes make it impossible to provide livestock with balanced feed, to use climatic, soil and plant resources rationally. The study of the varietal composition of alfalfa and sainfoin developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” showed that the productivity potential of these varieties makes it possible to obtain a fairly high yields of forage under various weather-climatic conditions. For 6 years the average yield of green mass of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” was 27.0 t/ha in the first cutting and 18.1 t/ha in the second cutting, and in the total for two cuttings it is 45.1 t/ha. In the first cutting for 5 years out of 6, the green mass pro­ductivity of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” significantly exceeded the standard variety. On average for two cuttings, green mass productivity of the varieties “Lyutsiya” (47.8 t/ha) and “Selyanka” (48.9 t/ha) was higher than that of the standard variety. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” varied from 6.7 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha in the first cutting and from 4.3 t/ha to 5.2 t/ha in the second cutting. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” reliably exceeded the standard variety in the first cutting, but in the second cutting their yield was equal to the yield of the standard variety. According to the green mass yield of one cutting, the studied varieties of sainfoin were as good as the alfalfa productivity in the first cutting. The green mass pro­ductivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” ranged from 24.4 to 31.1 t/ha, the green mass productivity of the sainfoin variety “Veles” ranged from 26.8 t/ha to 39.4 t/ha, and the green mass productivity of the variety “Sudar” ranged from 28.8 t/ha to 33.3 t/ha. The dry matter productivity of the sainfoin varieties developed in a similar way. The minimum dry matter productivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” was 6.1 t/ha, the maximum was 7.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Veles” was 6.7 t/ha and the maximum was 9.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Sudar” was 7.2 t/ha and the maximum was 8.8 t/ha. In total for 2 cuttings, the alfalfa varieties produced 7.45–8.12 thousand of fodder units, 2.29–2.57 t/ha of raw protein and 1.59–1.78 t/ha of digestible protein. The varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” showed a higher yield of nutrients, compared with the standard variety. The nutrient productivity of the studied sainfoin varieties slightly yielded to the alfalfa varieties in the first cutting. On average they produced 3.89–4.55 thousand of fodder units per hectare, 1.34–1.55 t/ha of raw protein and 0.93–1.11 t/ha of digestible protein. In comparison with the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2”, the sainfoin varieties “Veles” and “Sudar” had a greater productivity of nutrients.

scholarly journals CONJUGACY OF SORGHUM GREEN MASS PRODUCTIVITY WITH ORIGIN AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
A. E. Romanyukin ◽  
E. A. Shishova ◽  
G. M. Ermolina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Research Center ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growing Conditions

Development of a new variety with the highest level of productivity is one of the important purposes of all farmers. It is known that varieties developed in definite soil and climatic conditions are most adapted specifically to these conditions. The change of the cultivation zone has a different effect on the intensity of individual traits, including productivity, which justifies their ecological study. Thus, productivity reflects all the biological characteristics of the samples and its relation to growing conditions. Therefore, the study of this trait in collection samples is an important stage in the development of new highly productive sorghum varieties and hybrids. The study was carried out at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd, Rostov Region) in 2016–2018. The object of the study was a collection nursery, which includes the varieties and lines developed at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, and other scientific institutions, as well as the samples sent by the FRC ARIGRR named after N. I. Vavilov. The total number is 335 samples. The sweet sorghum collection has been represented by the samples of various ecological and geographical origin. However, 48.1% (161 samples) have been represented by the samples from Russia. Green mass productivity of the collection samples varied from 980 to 5968 g/m2 . At the same time, 24.5% (82 pcs.) of the collection samples had yields within the standard 3200-5200 g/m2 . The collection samples ‘BB-442’, ‘K-533’, ‘K-668/1’, ‘K-1073’, ‘K-1437/2’, ‘K-1202/1’, ‘K-1802’, ‘K-1654/1’ (2.4% of all) significantly exceeded the standard (4200 g/m2 ). The samples from Palestine, Bulgaria and Brazil possessed the highest values of green mass productivity in the middle group (median). The samples from the Russian Federation had a group average of 2000 g/m2 , with a range of variation from 600 to 4300 g/m2 . Length of a growing season (r = 0.46 ± 0.00004), leaf length (r = 0.48 ± 0.00001), leaf width (r = 0.62 ± 0.0002), and a number of leaves (r = 0.42 ± 0.00001) have shown the largest effect on green mass productivity.

scholarly journals THE STUDY RESULTS OF MORPHO-BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF NORTH AMERICAN ALFALFA SAMPLES

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
А. А. Regidin ◽  
T. V. Grayzeva ◽  
K. N. Goryunov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Double Sequence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Alfalfa is the most valuable forage crop spread all over the world. Due to the varietal diversity of alfalfa in the countries of North America, the laboratory of breeding and seed-growing of perennial grasses of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” conducted the experiments over 27 samples of American and Canadian breeding to find genetic sources of economic and biological traits. The field trials were conducted according to generally accepted methods for forage crops in 2016–2018. The area of experimental plots was 1 m2 with double sequence. The period “beginning of spring germination” and “beginning of flowering” were studied depending on the climatic conditions of the year. In 2016 and 2017 spring germination took place in March, and in 2018 it was in the 1-st decade of April. Beginning of flowering in the studied samples ranged from the 3-d decade of May to the 1-st decade of June. On average, over 3 years, the number of days in the period “beginning of spring germination – beginning of flowering” varied from 68 to 73 days. This period of the standard variety was 72 days. The studied samples had this period on 1–4 days shorter, excluding the samples “K-33299” and “K-42249” (73 days). According to the yield of green mass, none of the samples reliably exceeded the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” (3.29 kg/m2). The studied alfalfa samples formed 1.57–3.5 kg/m2 of green mass. According to the plant foliage amount, the indicators of the studied samples varied from 42 to 49%. The samples “K-33299” and “K-43272” with 49% of foliage amount slightly exceeded the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” (48%). The hay yield of the studied samples varied from 31 to 40%, “K-43272” formed the smallest indicator (31%), “K-42249” and “K-45715” (40%) produced the largest amount and when the hay productivity of the standard variety was 35%. There have been identified reliable correlations between the yield of green mass and hay, as well as between the yield of green mass and the number of days during the period “beginning of spring germination – beginning of flowering”.

scholarly journals Формування продуктивності сорго цукрового під впливом строків сівби

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Grabovskiy ◽  
T. O. Grabovskaya ◽  
L. A. Kozak ◽  
O. S. Gorodetskyi ◽  
L. V. Bohatyr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Ground Mass

The scientifically based choice of sowing terms for sorghum depends on the climatic conditions, type, state and humidity of the soil, biological characteristics of varieties and hybrids, the economic purpose of sowing, rate of positive temperatures growth. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of sowing terms on the growth, development and the yield of green mass of sugar sorghum. In the experiment, the variety of sugar sorghum Silosne 42 and the hybrid Dovista were sown in three terms when the soil temperatures at the depth of seeding were: І – 6–8 °С, ІІ – 8–10 °С, ІІІ – 10–12 °С. Biometric indexes of sugar sorghum depended both on sowing terms and varietal characteristics. The plants most intensively developed and formed the above-ground mass in a variant where the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С, and plants height was 151.7 and 193.7 cm in the period of flowering – respectively in the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid. The highest indexes of the leaf area (51.87 and 57.25 thousand m2/ha), photosynthetic potential (4.26 and 4.32 million m2×days/ha) and the net productivity of photosynthesis (3.50 and 3.54 g/m2 per day) of sugar sorghum were on varieties, sown when the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С, respectively in the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid. It was noted that the increase in the surface of leaf area and the duration of vegetation result in higher photosynthetic potential and, consequently, the growth of the green mass yield. Maximum indexes of pure productivity of photosynthesis are observed in the flowering period, that is, during the period of the most intense growth of the above-ground mass and the leaf surface of sugar sorghum. From the flag leaf stage until flowering stage there is an intense growth in sugar sorghum, and increment of green mass is 57.3-78.6% compared with the growing point differentiation stage. The sorghum biomass indexes had the highest values at all stages of the third sowing term. Increment of the green mass continues to the hard dough stage, while dry matter grows throughout the growing period. The highest yield of the green and dry mass of the Silosne 42 variety and the Dovista hybrid is observed in the hard dough stage, when the soil temperature at the depth of seeding was 10–12 °С – 74.8 and 17.4 t/ha and 83.7 and 20.2 t/ha. The Dovista hybrid prevailed on the yield of the green mass on 9.8–12.7% and dry matter on 4.5–7.8% than the Siloshne 42 variety.

New high-productive varieties of Sudan grass

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Н.А. Ковтунова ◽  
В.В. Ковтунов ◽  
А.Е. Романюкин ◽  
Е.А. Шишова
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Green Fodder

Исследования проведены в 2015–2020 годах на опытном участке ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской», расположенном в зоне неустойчивого увлажнения в Зерноградском районе Ростовской области. Так как в последние годы в летний период здесь наблюдается сильная засуха, высокие температуры и неравномерное распределение осадков, многие культуры не способны обеспечить необходимое количество кормов. Поэтому возрос интерес к суданской траве. Данная культура является одной из самых засухоустойчивых, жаростойких, солевыносливых. По содержанию питательных веществ зелёная масса суданской травы не уступает однолетним кормовым культурам, содержит большое количество жира, клетчатки, БЭВ. В ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской» созданы и внесены в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений два сорта: Алиса (2019 год) и Грация (2020 год). Сорта допущены к использованию в Северо-Кавказском, Нижне-Волжском и Центрально-Чернозёмном регионах России, могут использоваться для возделывания на зелёный корм и сено. Цель данной работы — оценить морфологические, биологические и урожайные свойства новых сортов суданской травы Алиса и Грация, выделить их особенности и преимущества перед стандартом. Исследования проводились в трёхпольном севообороте. Предшественник — озимая пшеница. Установлено, что новые сорта характеризуются повышенной интенсивностью начального роста и послеукосного отрастания. Они отличаются высокой устойчивостью к поражению всеми видами головни, слабо поражаются бактериозом. Средняя урожайность составила: зеленой массы — 36 т/га (сорт Алиса) и 37 т/га (сорт Грация), абсолютно сухого вещества — 8,5 и 8,8 т/га соответственно, что превышало стандартный сорт Александрина соответственно на 5–6 и 0,7–1,0 т/га. The investigation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2015–2020. The Center is located at the Zernograd district of the Rostov region. Severe drought, high temperature and water deficit significantly reduce productivity of many crops in summer. Therefore, cultivation of Sudan grass gained a lot of attention. This crop is highly resistant to drought, heat and salinity. Its green mass is rich in nutrients, fat, fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances. The Center bred and registered two varieties: “Alisa” (2019) and “Gratsiya” (2020). Both genotypes are adapted to the North Caucasian, Lower Volga and Central Chernozem regions for green fodder and hay production. The aim was to evaluate morphology, biology and yield of these varieties and identify their benefits over the standard. Plants were cultivated under the three-field crop rotation after winter wheat. “Alisa” and “Gratsiya” showed high growth rate, resistance to various smut and bacterial diseases. “Alisa” produces 36 of green mass and 8.5 t ha-1 of absolutely dry matter on average, “Gratsiya” — 37 and 8.8 t ha-1, respectively, exceeding the standard variety “Aleksandrina” by 5–6 and 0.7–1.0 t ha-1.

scholarly journals NEW VARIETY OF YELLOW FODDER LUPINE 'BULAT'

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Natalya Novik ◽  
Inna Savvicheva ◽  
Anna Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
State List

The article presents steps of development of a new yellow lupin variety 'Bulat'. Its pedigree and description for competition tests years are given. In 2009 five productive, tall plants without extern anthracnose symptoms have been selected from the hybrid 6-02-10-10 under heavy anthracnose epiphytoty. Later the line 09-3-50-2 has been selected for green mass and seeds yield. It was tested in a competition test nursery since 2013. The line named as 'Bulat' was included to The State List of Breeding Achievements Allowed for Use. The average seed yield for six tests years made 1.87 t/ha and the yield of its green mass made 60.4 t/ha. 'Bulat' is for universal use (grain forage, green fodder, and grass conserved forage). It is resistant to pods cracking and seeds shedding. Weight of 1000 seeds is 112 grams. Vegetation period is 90–99 days. Crude protein in seeds is 42%, in dry matter of green mass it is 18%. Seed alkaloid content is 0.06%, in green mass it is 0.02%. The variety is resistant to Fusarium and tolerant to anthracnose. It suits for cultivation on light and cohesive soils.

scholarly journals WHITE MUSTARD — MEANING, APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder

A review of the literature on the significance, biological features, and use of white mustard is presented. White mustard is one of the most precocious crops of the cabbage family. It is used as a forage and sideral crop. It has a large yield of green mass, is unpretentious in cultivation, it can be used from early spring to late autumn. When sown as an intermediate crop, white mustard plants in the early flowering phase contain 21–25% protein, 24–27% fiber in the dry matter; the nutritional value of 1 kg of dry matter is 0.7–0.8 feed units. Great preceding crop, phytomeliorant and phytoremediate soil, improves the physical properties of soils. It is used in multicomponent mixtures for green fodder and as a supporting crop in mixed agrocenoses with legumes, and is increasingly used as a cover crop for perennial grasses. The oil is used in the food industry and for biofuel production. Seeds, cake and meal are used in the medical, cosmetic, food, chemical industries, have herbicidal and insecticidal properties when used in biological agriculture. White mustard is characterized by such positive economic signs, as the resistance to cracking of pods, the early blight, heat stress, insect pests and nematodes; used in distant hybridization with rapeseed spring with the aim of improving rapeseed on a number of sings. For 2020, 19 varieties of white mustard are allowed to be used, 4 of them are foreign, and 5 varieties are declared as non-erucic. The variety of white mustard Lugovskaya, created in the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", is used for forage and sideration purposes both in the main and in intermediate crops. The vegetation period in the Center Non-Chernozem zone is from 78 to 92 days. Seed yield from 1.94 to 2.35 t/ha, yield of green mass when sown in spring from 19.9 to 23.4 t/ha, dry matter – from 2.5 to 3.9 t/ha.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF ALFALFA COLLECTION SAMPLES IN THE ROSTOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
S. А. Ignatiev ◽  
А. А. Regidin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Production Increase

To stimulate livestock production increase, it is necessary to improve the production of high-quality feed with high protein percentage. The purpose can be achieved by an increase of sown area for perennial leguminous herbs and, in particular, alfalfa. The varietal alfalfa composition is constantly being replenished with new, more productive and adapted varieties for different growing zones. The biological potential of this crop allows now conducting its successful breeding. Annually the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” lays the alfalfa collection nurseries including breeding samples from different countries with certain useful traits. According to the study results alfalfa plant height ranged from 75.7 cm (“K-20367”) to 122.5 cm (“G-4”). On average, through the study, the samples formed a low yield of green mass. 19 samples had yields from 1.70 kg/m2 to 2.46 kg/m2 , which is significantly lower than the standard indicator (3.29 kg/m2 ). The samples “K-51698”, “G-1”, “K-50512”, “G-3”, “G-4” produced a significant excess of green mass productivity in comparison with the variety “Rostovskaya 90” (4.13–4.86 kg/m2 ). On average during the years of 2016–2018, foliage amount of the samples varied from 41% to 53%. The samples “K-50512”, “G-1”, “G-3”, “G-4” showed a significant excess of absolutely dry matter (ADM) productivity (from 1.42 kg/m2 to 1.65 kg/m2 ). Among the samples seed productivity varied in the range of 15.2–94.9 g/m2 . Only 3 samples (“K-50511”, “K-51201”, “G-2”) showed a significant excess in the studied traits compared to the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” (63.3 g/m2 ), their seed productivity was 85.7 g/m2 , 86.8 g/m2 and 94.9 g/m2 , respectively. The protein percentage of absolutely dry matter according to the study ranged from 17.79% to 21.47%. The samples “K-43260” (20.95%), “K-50512” (21.34%), “K-31800” (21.47%) showed the largest indicators. In the current study there have been analyzed correlations between the studied traits.

scholarly journals THE NEW MAIZE HYBRID ‘ZERNOGRADSKY 299 MB’ OF GRAIN AND SILAGE USE

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
A. S. Ignatiev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Variety Testing

Changing climatic conditions and the loss of immunity to diseases and pests of the developed varieties make breeding work to create new genotypes of great necessity. The new middle-early maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 299 MB’ of universal direction of economic use (for grain and green fodder) has been developed in the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The hybrid is three-linear; it belongs to the varieties with crown yellow grain Zea mays L. indentata. It possesses high values of the main economically valuable traits. The average grain productivity through 3 years of competitive variety testing (2014–2016) was 5.36 t/ha, the variety yield exceeded the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 291 AMB’ on 0.41 t/ha (8.3%). The average productivity of green mass is 27.6 t / ha, which is higher than that of the standard variety on 2.4 t/ha (9.5%). The new hybrid is resistant to lodging (2.1% of lodged plants), drought-resistant, resistant to smut on a natural background (0.4% of affected plants), has a high starch percentage (71.9%). In 2018, according to the results of the State Variety Testing, a new hybrid was introduced into the State List and approved for use in the Central Blackearth and NizheVolzhsky regions to cultivate it for grain and green fodder. It has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield (11.23 t/ha) was obtained in the Central Blackearth region on the Oboyansk plot of the Kursk region, which is higher than the standard variety ‘Voronezhsky 279 CB’ on 2.03 t/ha (22.1%) with lower grain harvesting moisture (on 1,6%) than the standard variety.

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