scholarly journals Manifestation of Depression Among Undergraduate Students: Implications for Counselling

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega ◽  
Lasiele Alabi YAHAYA ◽  
Mariam Bukola ALWAJUD-ADEWUSI ◽  
Hammed Popoola AMINU
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite and poor concentration. This study therefore investigates the manifestations of depression among undergraduates of universities in Kwara State. It also examined the influence of variables of religious affiliation and level of study on undergraduates’ responses. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study and multi-stage sampling procedure which comprises purposive, proportional, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were adopted to draw a total sample of 600 undergraduates from two universities in Kwara State. “Manifestations of Depression Questionnaire (MDQ)” was used to collect relevant data. The instrument was subjected to test re-test reliability co-efficient which yielded the score of 0.78 and the hypotheses were analysed using t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 significance level. Frequency counts and percentages were used to present the demographic data. The findings of the study identified poor school academic performance, avoidance of responsibility and difficulty in day to day tasks, health problems and loss of self-confidence as major manifestations of depression among undergraduates of universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The hypotheses tested revealed no significant difference in the manifestations of depression among undergraduates of Universities in Kwara State based on religious affiliation and level of study. In line with the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that members in peer groups should be encouraged to assist one another and encourage prompt reportage of depression.

scholarly journals Role of Personality Traits on Depression among Undergraduate University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyananda Panda
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory

Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration. These problems can become acute or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual’s ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities. It is a complex disorder which can manifest under a variety of circumstances and due to a multiplicity of factors. The rate of depression increases during the adolescence period where there is a greater risk for substance abuse and other psychiatric co-morbidities. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to look into the effect of personality dimension on the level of depression amongst the undergraduate university students. For the said purpose, both independent variables (gender, personality) as well as dependent variable (depression) were undertaken. A non clinical sample of 100 undergraduate students from SRM University, Gangtok falling in the age group of 19-25 years participated. They were assessed by the following tools: the socio-demographic data sheet, the Beck Depression Inventory II and the revised NEO five factor inventory. The data collected were analyzed on the basis of Statistical Package for Social Science Version 22. The study found a significant and positive correlation of extraversion with openness and conscientiousness and significant difference between male and female undergraduate university students on extraversion, openness and conscientiousness dimension of personality.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Foot Status and Motor Status in Preschool Children: A Simple, Comparative Observational Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Milan Kojić ◽  
Branka Protić Gava ◽  
Milan Bajin ◽  
Marko Vasiljević ◽  
Jasmina Bašić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The research objective of the study is to determine the differences in the manifestation of the motor status of normally fed preschool test subjects, classified into groups according to foot status. Methods: This is a simple, comparative observational study. Preschool children included in this study have been subjected to anthropometric measurements in order to determine BMI, tests for motor skills assessment (running at 20 m from a high start, standing broad jump, backwards polygon, rectangular seated forward bend, plate tapping, sit-ups for 60 s, and bent arm hang), and a determination of foot status. The total sample was comprised of 202 test subjects who attended a regular sports program, aged 3.9 to 6.5 years of decimal age (M = 141; Age = 5.3 ± 0.74; Height = 117.3 ± 7.1; Weight = 22 ± 3.7; F = 61; Age = 5.1 ± 0.73; Height = 114.9 ± 7.4; Weight = 21.2 ± 3.8), of which 153 (75.7%) were normally fed, 6 (3%) were undernourished, 30 were overweight (14.9%), and 13 were obese (6.4%). Results: In the total sample, 30 (14.9%) subjects had normal arch feet, 90 (44.6%) high arched feet, and 41 (20.3%) flat feet. We found 41 (20.3%) subjects who had different left and right foot statuses within this sample. The data were processed by means of nonparametric tests (the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests) at a significance level p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between groups of subjects with different foot statuses in the manifestation of motor status in most tests, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.01, and in tests of sit-ups for 60 s and the bent arm hang, there is a statistically significant difference, the level of which is p ≤ 0.05. It is only in the inclination test of rectangular seated forward bend that no statistically significant difference was displayed.

scholarly journals Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and Attitudes towards Its Integration into Teaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Ukeme Ekpedeme Umoh ◽  
Etuk Nssien Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The University

<p class="apa">The study examined ‘Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and attitudes towards its Integration into Teaching. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 17,618 undergraduate students enrolled into full time degree programmes in the University of Uyo for 2014/2015 academic session. The design of the study was survey design with ex-post facto approach. Random sampling technique was used to select 1730 students from the 12 faculties in the University. The instrument used for the study was ‘Students’ Social Networking and Attitude Questionnaire which was validated by an expert in curriculum studies and an expert in measurement and evaluation in the University of Uyo. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistical method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of .70 for the instrument. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer research questions; Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is significant difference in involvement of university undergraduate students in Social Networking based on course of study, level (year) of study and age. Female undergraduate students’ involvement in social networking is higher than that of their male counterparts; but male undergraduate students showed a higher positive attitude towards integration of social networking into teaching and learning.</p>

scholarly journals Football Spectator Violence During Matches at the Zimbabwe Football Association Division One Level in Gweru District

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nemerai Pedzisai ◽  
◽  
Edmore Nhamo ◽  
Simbarashe Magonde ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Midlands Province ◽  
Spectator Violence

Background: A number of football matches in Gweru district have been characterised by undesirable acts of spectator violence resulting in injury and malicious damage to property. Football spectator violence is a very negative phenomenon in football because it chases away sponsors who do not want their organisations and brands to be associated with hooliganism. Violence also discourages spectators from attending football matches as they fear for their safety. This status quo precipitated the need to identify football stakeholders’ perceptions on the causes of spectator violence during football matches at Division One level in Gweru District. Aims: The primary aim and focus of this study was to investigate spectator violence among football spectators in Gweru district in Zimbabwe. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify the main causes of football spectator violence and recommend strategies to mitigate or even eliminate this scourge. Study Setting: The study was conducted in Gweru district in the midlands province of Zimbabwe. Materials and Methods: The study adopted the quantitative research approach utilising the descriptive survey design. Closed questionnaires were used to collect data from, twenty division one footballers from four Gweru division one football clubs, twenty spectators, six football referees and four coaches. This resulted in a total sample of fifty (50) respondents. Simple random sampling (Gold Fish Bowl procedure) was used to select the twenty players and six referees. Purposive sampling was used to select the four coaches and twenty football spectators. Statistics: Data was analysed statistically using simple frequency tables. Results and Conclusion: The study revealed that spectator violence during football matches at division one level in Gweru is mainly a result of hooliganism, controversial refereeing, lack of fair play by footballers in the field of play, outcome of matches, rivalry between clubs and euphoria. Factors such as use of juju, prestige seeking by spectators and reporting of violence by the media were found to be minor contributors towards football spectator violence during football matches in Gweru district. Recommendations: The study recommends that the Zimbabwe republic police who provide security during these violent matches should tighten security at football matches by searching all fans thoroughly for dangerous weapons and alcohol at stadia entry points. ZIFA and PSL should educate all football clubs on the negative effects of violence and punish offending teams severely. The clubs should educate their fans to shun violence. Sponsors should include funds in their sponsorship packages for purposes of educating fans on violence. Soccer players should lead by example and avoid provoking other team’s fans

scholarly journals Level of physical activity in undergraduate students in Peshawar, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. ID20
Author(s):  
Shahid Alam ◽  
Sardar Bakht Khan ◽  
Qamar Wahid Khattak ◽  
Syed Zain Ul Abidin ◽  
Salman Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University

Background: Physical activity is one of the leading health indicators, considered an essential factor in the population's health and quality of life promotion. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity has been linked with chronic disease and obesity in most populations. This study aims to compare the prevalence of physical activity and overweight/obesity among students of the university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to September 2019 on undergraduate students from different departments of Peshawar University. A sample of 377 (male n = 243, female n = 134) was taken through convenience sampling. Those individuals who were physically disabled and not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Those meeting the inclusion criteria were given the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form). Demographic data included age, weight, and height was self-stated by the participants. The levels of physical activity in each of three domains (leisure, transport, and domestic) were calculated and presented as metabolic equivalent (M.E.T.) hour per week in the form of means, percentage, and frequency in different physical activity domains. Results: The overall sample showed that 13.70% of participants were inactive, 27.76% showed a low level of physical activity, 41.29% showed moderate physical activity level, and 17.24% showed a high level of physical activity. A total of 90.98% of participants were involved in leisure physical activities, 93.10% presented transport-related physical activity, and 74.80% were involved in domestic-related physical activity. Average time spent during sitting was found to be 53.32 hrs/week and 7.61 hrs/ day, with females being more involved in sitting activities as compared to males. A significant difference was found between B.M.I. and sitting domain (p-value 0.002) with a Pearson value of -0.12 showing a negative correlation. Conclusion: The B.M.I. and Physical Activity are found negatively associated with each other. Male students were more physically active than females as females spend their majority of time sitting. It is concluded that students are moderately active, while a minimal percent of students are highly active. There were a few numbers of respondents too who were physically inactive, which shows that there is still unawareness of physical activity on the university level.

Why Do Students Engage in Examination Malpractice? The University for Development Studies Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
John Dadzie Thompson ◽  
Gilbert Ansoglenang ◽  
Suuk Laar
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Any form of examination malpractice is unacceptable, fraudulent, and signifies an act of academic dishonesty with significant punitive consequences. This paper investigated the reasons why students engage in examination malpractice during examinations at the University for Development Studies (UDS). The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design for this research and targeted undergraduate students of the Tamale Campus of the UDS. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 278 out of a total student population of 6,729 for the study. They responded mainly to questionnaire and a few open ended questions to provide the needed data for analysis. The findings suggest that (i) smuggling of prepared notes on pieces of papers (foreign material) into the examination hall,(ii) writing of examination answers on palms, thighs and other body parts, and (iii) communication by seeking for answers from colleagues are the three topmost forms/methods students engage to cheat during examinations. The desire to obtain good grades just as the more intelligent students pushes some students to cheat during examinations. The introduction of scanners and e-search software, the spacing of sitting arrangements, installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in large examination halls may help curb cheating.

Influence of Gender, Age and Location on Students Perceived Link of Population Growth and Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Igbudu Ujiro ◽  
Erhabor Igbinosa Norris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Increase in population contributes and it is also affected by climate change, hence it deserves consideration in any climate change policy development strategies. Based on the importance of population growth on climate change, this study was embarked on to ascertain the perception of students to the influence of population growth on the consequences of climate change. The population of the study consisted of undergraduate students in a Federal University in Southern part of Nigeria. A sample size of 362 respondents were selected using systematic sampling to select every one and other halls of residence (3 halls of residence selected out of 6) and simple random sampling of balloting by replacement to select 14% each from the three halls of residence. The questionnaires administered were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed to analyze the data gotten. The study revealed that there was a significant difference on the respondents perception based on their gender, age group and home of residence(Urban or rural). Based on these findings, it was recommended among other things that population control measures should be effectively implemented in the country. And any policy on climate change, gender, age group and location should be considered because a gender, age group and location bias policy will increase the severity of the problem.

scholarly journals Knowledge on Classroom Behaviour Modification Techniques of Pre-Service Teachers of Colleges of Education in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Grace Yeboah ◽  
Eric Nyarko-Sampson ◽  
Linda Dzama Forde
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Classroom Behaviour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education In Ghana

Classroom discipline is one of the most thought-provoking issues in modern education.Studies has it that students’ classroom misconduct interferes with teaching and learning and is believed to be a precursor to later school dropout and similar negative social outcomes. This study aimed at investigating the knowledge of pre-service teachers of Colleges of Education in Ghana on the concept of behaviour modification techniques in the classroom. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of three hundred and sixty participants for the study. Data was collected using behaviour modification questionnaire developed by the researchers and analysed using SPSS data analysis software. The results show that most of the participants have insufficient knowledge on behaviour modification techniques for classroom management even though they exhibited strong knowledge on few of the items. At 5% level of significance, there was virtually no significant difference found to exist in pre-service teachers’ knowledge of behaviour modification practices in terms of gender difference. Furthermore, the study revealed that programme of study never had a significant effect on the pre-service teachers’ knowledge on classroom behaviour modification techniques. It is recommended that training programmes of teacher education should be reviewed to strengthen the knowledge of pre-service teachers on classroom behaviour modification techniques.

scholarly journals An interventional study on sleep hygiene among medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Subhaprada S. ◽  
Vijayakumari S. ◽  
Rajasekhar T. ◽  
Venkateswarlu U.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Background: Sleep deprivation, a common problem among undergraduate students, leads to daytime sleepiness and poor academic performance. The purpose of this study is to describe sleep hygiene among medical students and to measure effect of sleep hygiene educational intervention.Methods: An interventional cross-sectional study was carried out from September to October, 2015 among II MBBS students, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale. Predesigned questionnaire was administered as pretest followed by health educational intervention session to 100 subjects selected by simple random sampling, and a post test two weeks later. Data entered in MS Excel 2007, was analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. Difference in means tested by paired t test and Chisquare test was used to test association between variables, with p value <0.05 considered significant.Results: 100 study subjects, 48 of 7 semester and 52 of 5 semester, had a mean (+SD) age in years, 20.2±0.58 and19.71±0.61 respectively. 57% were females. A statistically significant association between daytime sleepiness prevalence by semester was found. (Pretest X2 = 7.83, post test X2 = 7.19, p value <0.01). Weekend sleep schedules showed 2 hours increase than weekdays, in 40% (5 semester) and 30% (7 semester). 20% of study subjects had Epworth score 10-24, so expert medical advice is needed. A statistically significant difference was observed in sleep hygiene post intervention (t=2.010, p= 0.05).Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness was the most common problem encountered in this study. Sleep hygiene education promotes healthy sleeping habits.

scholarly journals Effects of Extensive Reading on Thai Tertiary Students’ Reading Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Ketvalee Porkaew ◽  
Ariyadhorn Fongpaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structure Interview ◽  
Reading Engagement ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Significant Difference

An exposure to free choice of inspiring reading materials among Thai students has not been largely promoted in English language class, affecting negative language learning attitudes and development of a reading habit. This present study examined the effects of extensive reading (ER) on Thai university students. To measure their attitudes towards comfort, anxiety, intellectual value, practical value and linguistic value before and after 15-week extensive reading. 68 undergraduate students were asked to complete the 5-point Likert scale questionnaire of 23 items adopted from Yamashita (2013). A semi-structure interview was also employed. The results revealed students had positive feelings in which ER increased their comfort and decreased their anxiety at the significance level of 0.05. They also had positive beliefs about the intellectual benefits. However, the practical value that ER might bring advantages to students’ study or future career was lower in the posttest. There was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest in their beliefs about English language study benefits. Qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews showed that students satisfied with their own choice of reading preference. The findings suggested the use of ER approach in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes to increase students’ positive attitudes, decrease their negative ones towards reading, and develop good reading habits through their reading engagement.

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