Complex process of membrane filtration of secondary dairy raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (55) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
S.P. Babenyshev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Bratsikhin ◽  
D.S. Mamaj ◽  
A.V. Mamaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Process

ZigZag

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Visual Music ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Life Force

This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Animators and visual music artists have long experimented with technological devices to explore the image–sound relationship, often innovating new ways of composing motion in time and space. For Len Lye this involved pioneering methods of animation and exploring the material qualities of organic materials such as film and metal, creating a substantial body of handmade animations that continue to affect audiences and inspire contemporary practitioners. Lye’s work provided the inspiration and raw materials for the development ofZig Zag, an homage to Lye, which integrated traditional musical instruments with digital media, remixed and projected visual imagery, and improvised theatrical performance. This complex process of remediation is discussed in relation to the extracinematic animation of both Lye’s sculptures and the theatrical performances. Extending the term “animation” is fundamental to understanding the wayZig Zagis a reanimation of the latent material life force embodied in Lye’s resting sculptures.

Handelsverbindungen zwischen zentraleuropäischem Binnenmarkt, regionalem Warenaustausch und globalen Güterketten

2021 ◽  
pp. 713-742
Author(s):  
Klemens Kaps
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Commodity Chains ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Central European ◽  
Global Commodity Chains ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Market Consolidation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Trade Links between the Central European Domestic Market, Regional Trade and Global Commodity Chains. The integration of Lower Austria’s economy into global interactions intensified in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Vienna and Trieste replaced old centres of trade intermediation such as Krems an der Donau. The purchase of raw materials and luxury goods and the sale of commercial goods in the Mediterranean and Atlantic region were handled via these two metropolises. In addition to the merchants in Trieste and Vienna, trade centres further afield also played a significant role, and local intermediary nodes in Lower Austria itself were also important. Migration processes, the foundation of companies, and investments resulted in a complex process of market consolidation from the local and regional to the global level. Steam shipping, rail connections and the growth of the financial sector transformed the material structure and functioning of the networks in the second half of the 19th century, but not the commercial geography.

scholarly journals Dust-Fraction of Granites, Migmatites, Marbleized Limestones, Ophiocalcites as a Carrier of Nanosized Dust Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Aleksandrova ◽  
◽  
S. S. Timofeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Negative Component ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Dust Fraction

In this work, we will discuss the study the dispersed composition stone dust such industrial objects as deposits migmatites, granites, marbleized limestone and ophiocalcites. The dust-like fraction the listed rocks is considered and evaluated as a micro-sized and nanosized component their structure formation. The main regularities of the formation nano- and microdust particles have been determined by the method membrane filtration. The most promising feature membrane filtration for the separation of professional (stone) dust mining quarries has been developed, which must be taken into account when developing a technology for processing raw materials, when separating particles into fractions for further use in the production the final product, when standardizing and qualitatively assessing the effect a nanosized fraction on the human body and environment. As a result the experiments carried out, the dispersed composition the rocks extracted at the quarries raw materials in the Irkutsk region was analyzed. The percentage particles with dimensions from 0.05 to 10 microns in the studied samples of professional dust was determined. The presence nanosized particles in them was confirmed, which, in turn, are the carrier a negative component, which can be considered from the point view industrial safety and health protection miners as a factor in the development such occupational diseases.

scholarly journals Presence and importance of mycotoxins in pig feed

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Marcela Speranda
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Mycotoxins present a significant problem in the diet of pigs. Secondary metabolites of fungi are toxic matter that have a negative effect on health and the performance of animals, as well as on the quality of their products. The creating of mycotosins is a complex process and it is difficult to predict which toxin will be produced and in which concentration. Food is most often contaminated by low concentrations of different mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisinsi and zearalenone) which cause a series of undesired effects, depending on the amount that the animal has ingested into the organism. Mycotoxin interactions in the organism are complex, and they can have antagonistic, synergistic or a joint effect, depending on the combination and quantity in which they appear. The pig is a domestic animal which is most sensitive to the effects of mycotoxins. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins results in a decline in production, a deterioration of the general health and reproductive disorders. One of the most important negative effects in pigs which receive low doses of mycotoxins in the longterm, is immunosuppression. Mycotoxins present very stable links that remain in raw materials and animal products for a long time and thus pose a major health risk for humans. .

Development of Health Products from Natural Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4606-4630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Sansone ◽  
Teresa Mencherini ◽  
Patrizia Picerno ◽  
Maria Rosaria Lauro ◽  
Michele Cerrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Processing And Storage

BioActive Compounds (BACs) recovered from food or food by-product matrices are useful in maintaining well being, enhancing human health, and modulating immune function to prevent or to treat chronic diseases. They are also generally seen by final consumers as safe, non-toxic and environment-friendly. Despite the complex process of production, chemical characterization, and assessment of health effects, BACs must also be manufactured in stable and bioactive ingredients to be used in pharmaceutical, food and nutraceutical industry. Generally, vegetable derivatives occur as sticky raw materials with pervasive smell and displeasing flavor. Also, they show critical water solubility and dramatic stability behavior over time, involving practical difficulties for industrial use. Therefore, the development of novel functional health products from natural sources requires the design of a suitable formulation to delivery BACs at the site of action, preserve stability during processing and storage, slow down the degradation processes, mask lousy tasting or smell, and increase the bioavailability, while maintaining the BACs functionality. The present review focuses on human health benefits, BACs composition, and innovative technologies or formulation approaches of natural ingredients from some selected foods and by-products from industrial food transformations.

Life-cycle assessment as an environmental management tool in the production of potable water

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Environmental Burdens ◽  
By Products

The environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used in this study to calculate and compare the environmental burdens resulting from two different methods employed in the production of potable water in South Africa. One method employs conventional processes for the treatment of water and the other one is based on membrane filtration. All inputs (raw materials and energy) and outputs (products, by-products and emissions to air, water and soil) from the two methods were listed and quantified. These inputs and outputs cause different environmental impacts (global warming, ozone depletion, smog formation, acidification, nutrient enrichment, ecotoxicity and human toxicity) and the contribution of each method to each of these impact categories has been quantified, resulting in a score. The ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) methodological framework for life cycle assessments guided this study. By using these methodologies and by tracing all the processes involved in the production of potable water to the interface with the environment, it was found that the main contributor to the overall environmental burden is the generation of electricity. This conclusion is valid for both methods investigated and in order to increase the environmental performance in the production of potable water the energy efficiency of waterworks should be increased.

scholarly journals Archaeometallurgical Analyses on Two Renaissance Swords from the “Luigi Marzoli” Museum in Brescia: Manufacturing and Provenance

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1269-1283
Author(s):  
Carolina Mori ◽  
Giorgia Ghiara ◽  
Paolo De Montis ◽  
Paolo Piccardo ◽  
Giacomo D. Gatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Complex Process

Two Venetian types of swords coming from the “Luigi Marzoli” Arms Museum in Brescia were characterized in this study, to understand their manufacturing process and to gather information about their provenance. Both the blades and the hilts components are analyzed using a multi-methodological approach, to describe possible differences in the metallurgical features that involved classical metallographic and spectroscopic techniques. Microstructural results indicate a complex process for the manufacturing of the blades, by hot-forging, confirmed by a sequence of different microstructures even on the same sample. Furthermore, an interesting and unusual manufacturing technique is used on one of the pommels, which consists of two hemispheres connected by copper joints. Hypothesis about the ironmaking and the provenience of raw materials are obtained by the features and composition of the inclusions. It is suggested that there is the use of both a direct and an indirect process on the swords. It is likely that the minerals used to obtain iron and copper of the swords come from the mines of the Brescia and Bergamo territories. All the hypotheses are consistent with the historical documents of the time that also give information on the diffusion of such swords in the Brescia area.

scholarly journals Study of microbiological purity with myramistin, anesthezine and CO2 extract of chamomile for use in surgical practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
L. L. Davtian ◽  
O. P. Shmatenko ◽  
V .A. Tarasenko ◽  
O. M. Vlasenko ◽  
G. V. Osedlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Any finished dosage forms, including soft dosage forms, are subject to microbial contamination. It can be caused by microbial contamination of plant-based medicinal raw materials, air, industrial premises, equipment, utensils, water, personnel’s hands, general non-compliance with the sanitary and epidemic regime of production, etc. The aim of the study was to conduct a biological study of the developed cream with Miramistin, anesthesin and CO2 chamomile extract in terms of “microbiological purity” in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The object of the study was CO2 chamomile extract, anesthesin, miramistin, emulsifiers, the developed cream. Quantitative determination of the colony forming units of test microorganisms in suspensions was carried out by hanging in Petri dishes with soybean casein agar for bacteria and Saburo medium for fungi. Studies of the microbiological purity of the investigated samples of the cream were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 1 ed., Paragraph 5.1.4.. Tests were performed using the direct sowing method. The assessment of the degree of microbial contamination of the investigated creams samples consisted of determining the total number of aerobic bacteria and fungi in 1.0 g of the sample, as well as the absence of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. To verify the study conditions, a negative control study was performed using a sterile solvent for hanging on nutrient media. On the basis of experimental studies, it was found that the optimum method is membrane filtration for determining the total number of viable aerobic bacteria, and for fungi, the direct hanging method. In the course of the experiment, it was established that the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms is less than 100, and yeast and mold fungi are less than 10 per 1 g of each sample; St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa and some other gram-negative bacteria are not defined, which meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Facilely Constructed Two-Sided Microstructure Interfaces Between Electrodes and Cellulose Paper Active Layer: Eco-Friendly, Low-Cost and High-Performance Piezoresistive Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaihua Duan ◽  
Yadong Jiang ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Qiuni Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Paper ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensor ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sensing Performance

Abstract The microstructure plays an important role in improving the sensing performance of pressure sensor. However, the design of microstructural active layer of pressure sensor usually involves complex process and expensive raw materials. Herein, the common polyester conductive electrodes and cellulose paper that both have inherent microstructure surface are ingeniously combined to form two-sided microstructure interfaces for low-cost, eco-friendly and high-performance flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor. In order to obtain conductive and low-cost active layer paper, daily carbon ink, which is usually used for writing, is preferred as a conductive material. Meanwhile, we experimentally confirm that the proposed structure is also suitable for other conductive materials, such as carbon nanotubes. The results show that as-fabricated piezoresistive sensor has high pressure sensitivities of 5.54 and 1.61 kPa−1 in the wide linear ranges of 0.5−5 and 5−60 kPa, respectively, and good durability (5000 cycles under 2 kPa). The sensing mechanism of the piezoresistive sensor is analyzed by combining the characterization results and finite element simulation. Benefitting from the high sensing performance, the good flexibility and non-toxic property, the piezoresistive sensor is demonstrated for multiple wearable applications (e.g., wrist pulse, speech recognition, finger bending, abdominal respiration, counting steps, and pressure distribution). This work provides a simple and universal strategy for the design of piezoresistive sensor from the microstructure interfaces between electrodes and active layer.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

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