scholarly journals SAFETY AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN NESE CHICKENS WHEN USING PHARMASIN PREPARATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
E.A. Salashnaya ◽  
◽  
N.P. Zuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Poultry Farming

The article discusses the main safety indicators for the use of pharmaceuticalsin preparations (pharmacin and biopharm-200) on poultry. In the body of chickens, when using pharmacin and biopharm-200, an increase in the content of erythrocytes, and in them hemoglobin, was recorded in the blood. In addition, the safety of the study drugs for human consumption is due to the fact that their concentration decreases relatively quickly in chicken eggs. Pharmazin and its derivatives (biopharm-200) are promising for use in poultry farming and can be recommended for further study for this purpose

scholarly journals Perspectives on Sustainable Development in the Context of Public Health Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Ioana-Codruta Racz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Good Nutrition

Abstract Health is an integral part of sustainable development, a process that can’t be materialized if there is a high prevalence of diseases, a high percentage of those is due to environmental factors. An important component of health is the healthy nutrition, especially of children and pregnant women. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for a good nutrition that covers the physiological needs of the body, iodine deficiency having important consequences for mother and fetus, then for children, especially in the first years of life. The main role of iodine in the body is due to his importance for synthesis of thyroid hormones involved in growth and development of psychic and somatic body, starting with intrauterine life. Iodine deficiency was, and still is, a public health problem, globally the most affected countries are in Central Africa, central South America and northern Asia. Europe iodine deficiency is relatively lower. Multiple interventions were made to improve and even eradicate iodine deficiency disorders, in particular through the universal iodization of salt for human consumption, but must be supported in continuing efforts because this issue is not fully resolved to this day.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Apparent Microflora and Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Coliforms Isolated from the Shells of Poultry Eggs in Moscow-Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene ◽  
Smolyakova Larisa Andreevna ◽  
Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Poultry Farming

Background: Antibiotic resistance is increasingly an issue in both human health and veterinary medicine. It is important to regularly assess the resistance of strains which have high potential to transmit this resistance. Numerous researches have shown so far that coli forms are part of these bacteria and coliforms from breeding environments (in particular poultry farming) are the most concerned because of their permanent exposure to antibiotics and adaptation that could result. Aim: This work was carried out to investigate the sensitivity to antibiotics of coliforms isolated from the shell of poultry eggs. Methods: A total of 191 egg samples (149 chicken eggs and 42 quail eggs) were collected in supermarket of the city of Moscow, coliforms bacteria were isolated the shells of these eggs and their sensitivity to antibiotics was achieved by employing modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc method. The results have been analysed and interpreted using the Guidelines of Ministry of health of Russian Federation. Results and Discussion: It turns out that, among the 191 samples studied only 16.2% (31) of the chicken eggs contained coli forms, 7.3% (14) contained mold and 76.4% (146) were sterile while 81% (34) of quail eggs were sterile, 19% (8) contained mold and none contained coliforms. Of the 60 bacteria isolated, 39 (65%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic and the highest MAR Index observed was 0.58 while the lowest was 0.08. Of the 720 anti biograms performed, we observed 557 (77.4%) cases of sensitivity, 72 (10.0%) intermediate cases and 91 (12.6%) cases of resistance. The highest resistances were observed on tetracycline (50%), amoxycillin (40%) and ampicillin (30%) while the weakest resistances were observed on trimethoprim (11.7%), cefazolin (10%), ciprofloxacin (5%) and 1.7% for ceftriazone, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. A comparison between the sensitivity of the isolates to Cefazolin and their sensitivity to Cefazolin + Clavulanic acid showed that the difference between these two antibiotics was highly significant (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria isolated was high, with the highest MAR Index observed equal to 0.58. The bio security relating to the use of antibiotics must be reinforced, better use of current known antibiotics is necessary to prolong their effectiveness over time.

scholarly journals Organochlorine pesticide residues in different fishes and shell fishes collected from the flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Tonima Mustafa ◽  
M Niamul Naser ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Nilufar Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
Great Health ◽  
Total Body

The present study was carried out to assess the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues (DDTs; DDE, DDD, 2,4´-DDT and 4,4´-DDT) in natural fishes and prawn species during rainy-season (June-September, 2014) from flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh. The samples were extracted by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method and the extracts were cleaned-up by using H2SO4. Analysis of the samples for DDTs residues were carried out by using Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Controlled fish sample (Cultured Rui fish) was used for the recovery experiments. Percent (%) recovery was found to be in the range of 70%- 113%. The total DDTs contents of the head of different fish and prawn species ranged from 7.53 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 39.20 ± 3.76 ng/g in Bele (G. giuris) and of the body from 7.55 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 41.93 ± 3.63 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). While the total DDTs of the total body of seven fish and two prawn species ranged from 4.56 ng/g in Gurachingri (unidentified) to 37.15 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). In the present study, 66.66% samples having value of (DDE + DDD)/DDT, lower than 0.5 ratios indicated the presence of new DDT inputs in the environments of Sonargaon area. The concentrations of total DDTs in all the samples were within the permissible MRL level i.e. for human consumption recommended by FAO-IAEA-WHO. As DDT is a long persistent and bioaccumulative substance in the environment, intake of significant amount of these toxic elements with our diet is a matter of great health concern. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 137-148, 2019

scholarly journals A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Raspa ◽  
Laura Cavallarin ◽  
Amy K. McLean ◽  
Domenico Bergero ◽  
Emanuela Valle
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Condition Score

Data are available in the scientific literature concerning the quality and usefulness of donkey milk for human consumption. However, there is a lack of studies related to the understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. The only attempt, at a European Union level, to assess the welfare of donkeys is that of the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, where the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria have been assessed, but only through the evaluation of the body condition score. However, several other indicators that take into account the importance of good feeding welfare principles should be considered for the correct management of dairy donkeys. Therefore, it is hoped that this review of the available scientific literature will be useful to help establish a set of appropriate welfare requirements and indicators for the management of dairy donkeys. The review is aimed at identifying and discussing other requirements and indicators, such as nutritional requirements, farm management requirements and animal-based indicators, which may be important for the correct assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria and to establish best practices for the feeding of dairy donkeys.

Pre-clinical study of complex phyto-sorbents on the basis of makley and chitozan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V.A. Baryshev ◽  
◽  
O.S. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Poultry Farming

The aim of our research was to assess the toxicity of complex phytosorbents based on maklea cordate and chitosan. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro was carried out according to the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph (the method is described in the Pharmacopoeia (OFS.1.2.4.0010.15), three types of phytosorption complex were used as the material for the study. Phytosorbents were included in samples 1–3. In addition to sorbents, sample No. 1, oil of oregano and thyme containing carvacrol (with proven antimicrobial activity in previous experi-ments) was added, compound Macleaya cor-data was added to compound No. 2, and chi-tosan was added to compound No. 3-components of samples 1. Нe study of the toxicity of the studied parameters was stud-ied according to the guidelines [5]. The haz-ard class of the studied drugs was deter-mined according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Ac-cording to experiments, drugs can be classi-fied as low-hazard substances. Assessment of acute and subacute toxicity proved the absence of negative effects of both drugs on the body of laboratory ani-mals, at a dose twice and four times the rec-ommended therapeutic, which is 6000 mg / goal. and 12000 mg / goal., Do not cause toxic effects and death of animals. And the introduction of complexes with chitosan and macklea, at a dose of 6000 mg / goal. within 28 days, positively affects the body of labor-atory rats. That allows research to determine the effectiveness, including on productive animals. Factors that determine the relevance of the development of highly effective phytobi-otics and their use in animal husbandry and poultry farming should also include the high profitability of the production of environ-mentally friendly agricultural products and the task of improving the quality of life of the population.

Antibiotics use and gentamicin residues in commercial poultry and chicken eggs from Oyo and Lagos States, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi I. Olatoye ◽  
Tope O. Ojomo ◽  
Yomi J. Adeseko
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Nigeria poultry industry is fast growing to meet the demand of the increasing population with overdependence on antibiotics for production leading to consumer safety and public health concerns. The antibiotic use in poultry farms and presence of gentamicin residues in chicken eggs from city markets of Southwest Nigeria were investigated. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 45 poultry farmers to determine the patterns of antibiotic use, knowledge of withdrawal periods and food safety implications. Furthermore, 270 egg samples from six retail markets in Oyo and Lagos states were analyzed with ELISA for gentamicin residues. Residue concentrations were compared with Student’s t test and ANOVA (p < 0.05). About 90% of the respondents reported they frequently administered antibiotics, 85% engaged in non-prescribed medication, and about 80% did not observe a withdrawal period before selling the eggs from treated chickens. In addition, 60% and 80% of pooled eggs from Oyo and Lagos states, respectively, contained gentamicin residues with means of 1461 ± 74 and 1350 ± 92 µg/kg, respectively. The mean residues obtained from the two states were higher than the maximum recommended residue limits. High levels of gentamicin residues, from unbridled use of antibiotics in poultry production, detected in retail eggs from markets rendered the eggs unsafe for human consumption. Therefore, regulatory control and veterinary supervision of antibiotic use are advocated to ensure Nigerian consumer protection.

scholarly journals Residual Metal Contamination of the ecosystem in the lower course of the Jihlava River

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Spurný ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Josef Hedbávný ◽  
Ivo Sukop
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Index Of Diversity

In November 2001, October and November 2002, the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were determined in four localities of the lower course of the Jihlava River (Czech Republic). The river water, sediments of the riverbed, zoobenthos and tissues of the fish (gill, gonad, skin, dorsal muscle) were analysed. The chub (Leuciscus cephalus) was used as the ichthyo-indicator. At the same time, the stability of the fish community was evaluated using electrofishing and applying basic ichthyological methods. The work links up with previous investigation of the upper course of the Jihlava River (three localities) carried out by the authors in the same way in 1999. The aim of present study was the completion of previous investigation in the whole longitudinal river profile by monitoring selected heavy metals. The highest Cr (14.290 – 77.070 mg/kg), Zn (13.600 – 92.930 mg/kg) and Ni concentrations (12.290 – 36.680 mg/kg) were found in sediments and their highest loading by all of the monitored metals (without Ni) was detected in the last downstream locality (Pohořelice). Zoobenthos was most contaminated by Zn and Cu (7.480 – 62.690 and 8.050 – 21.810 mg/kg). In the body tissues of the chubs, the highest concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn and Ni were determined in the gills, while Pb was also high in gills but also in gonads, the skin and in the muscle tissue. Concentrations of the analysed metals in the chub muscle were (in mg/kg): Hg 0.040 ± 0.014 – 0.133 ± 0.063, Cd 0.003 ± 0.002 – 0.010 ± 0.004, Pb 0.045 ± 0.038 – 0.768 ± 0.038, Cr 0.046 ± 0.023 – 0.106 ± 0.092, Cu 0.203 ± 0.123 – 0.634 ± 0.194, Zn 4.25 ± 0.84 – 6.69 ± 2.95 and Ni 0.062 ± 0.018 – 0.103 ± 0.030. Significant differences in the chub muscle were found concerning Hg, Pb, Cu (P < 0.01) and Cd (P < 0.05). Taking into consideration the actually valid FAO/WHO limits for human consumption of chub muscle from the investigated river section, only Hg (PTWI 2.3 kg in locality 7) and Pb (PTWI 2.0 kg in locality 4) could constitute some risk for human health. The index of diversity of the fish community was 0.825 – 2.110, equitability index 0.380 – 0.793, abundance 312.6 – 2,106.5 fish/ha and biomass 46.7 – 451.5 kg/ha. The water quality was characterized as betamesosaprobic (saprobity index 1.77 – 2.18). The results of the study reveal detailed ecological data concerning heavy metals contamination of the whole Jihlava River ecosystem (water, sediment, zoobenthos, fish). The outcome of this study extends our knowledge about metals accumulation in different fish tissues (gill, gonad, skin and muscle).

scholarly journals Gene regulation by dietary microRNAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janos Zempleni ◽  
Scott R. Baier ◽  
Katherine M. Howard ◽  
Juan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Affect Gene Expression ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) silence genes through destabilizing mRNA or preventing translation of mRNA, thereby playing an essential role in gene silencing. Traditionally, miRNAs have been considered endogenous regulators of genes, i.e., miRNAs synthesized by an organism regulate the genes in that organism. Recently, that dogma has been challenged in studies suggesting that food-borne miRNAs are bioavailable and affect gene expression in mice and humans. While the evidence in support of this theory may be considered weak for miRNAs that originate in plants, there is compelling evidence to suggest that humans use bovine miRNAs in cow’s milk and avian miRNAs in chicken eggs for gene regulation. Importantly, evidence also suggests that mice fed a miRNA-depleted diet cannot compensate for dietary depletion by increased endogenous synthesis. Bioinformatics predictions implicate bovine miRNAs in the regulation of genes that play roles in human health and development. Current challenges in this area of research include that some miRNAs are unable to establish a cause-and-effect between miRNA depletion and disease in miRNA knockout mice, and sequence similarities and identities for bovine and human miRNAs render it difficult to distinguish between exogenous and endogenous miRNAs. Based on what is currently known about dietary miRNAs, the body of evidence appears to be sufficient to consider milk miRNA bioactive compounds in foods, and to increase research activities in this field.

Selenium concentrations in tissues of sheep given a subcutaneous injection of barium selenate or sodium selenate

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Archer ◽  
GJ Judson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Young sheep were allocated to 6 treatment groups, each of 8 ewes and 8 wethers. Treatments given were nil, 0.1, or 0.5 mg selenium (Se)/kg body weight as a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), and 0.8, 1.4, or 2.9 mg Se/kg body weight as a subcutaneous injection of barium selenate (BaSeO4). At 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after treatment, 2 ewes and 2 wethers from each group were slaughtered and samples of blood, liver, kidney, cardiac and skeletal muscle, lymph nodes, and faeces were collected for Se assay. On days 0, 1, 3, 7, 13, 27, and 55 blood and spot faecal samples were taken for Se assay from the 24 sheep selected for slaughter on day 112. In sheep given Na2Se04 there was a rapid but transient increase in the mean Se concentration in tissues, particularly the liver of sheep given the highest dose of Na2SeO4. In these sheep on days 14,28,56, and 112 the respective mean liver concentrations were 169, 62,25, and 6.9 �mol/kg DM: the mean value on day 14 was 15 times the mean value in untreated sheep. In sheep given BaSeO4 there was a gradual increase in mean Se concentration of tissues during the experiment. Faecal Se concentrations increased in sheep given the Se injections. The marked but transient increase in liver Se concentrations in sheep given Na2SeO4 suggests that this organ provides an important protective mechanism against toxicity by readily accumulating and excreting Se into the gut. Our results indicate that the BaSeO4 doses were unlikely to cause Se toxicity in young sheep or result in Se residues in tissues above those recommended for human consumption. The BaSeO4 should be administered subcutaneously in the neck or other sites of the body not sold for human consumption, since deposits of BaSeO4 remain at the site of injection for at least 112 days and may be dangerous if inadvertently consumed.

scholarly journals Thin layer chromatographic detection of colistin sulfate antibiotic residues in poultry tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Md. Nazmul Hasan ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Rakibul Hasan ◽  
Kazi Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Colistin Sulfate ◽  
Antibiotic Group

Residues of antibiotic drugs in food and food products have been received much attention in recent years because of growing food safety concerns for public health. There are serious effects of antibiotic residues in meat for human consumption (e.g., increasing antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and hypersensitivity). In this study, we used broiler chicks as a laboratory animal to detect the colistin sulfate antibiotic residue for human health concerns. The day-old broiler chicks were collected and reared for up to 31 days. The treatment was started from the day 16th until sacrifice. The chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (Group A), discriminate antibiotic group (Group B) and indiscriminate antibiotic group (Group C) on the 14th day. The discriminate group was treated with an antibiotic, colistin sulfate maintaining the withdrawal period of one week. In case of indiscriminate group the withdrawal period was not maintained and antibiotic treatment was continued till the day of sacrifice. The body weights of the birds were recorded daily. The mean body weight was highest in indiscriminate group (1261.15±16.37gm) followed by discriminate group (1156.15±18.23gm) and the lowest was in control group (1008.49±18.11gm). The differences among mean weight gain were statistically significant (P<0.05) in antibiotic treated group compared with control group. The Thin Layer Chromatography revealed that all the samples were positive in indiscriminate group and in case of Liver, Kidney and Spleen, it was 100%. In case of discriminate antibiotic group all the samples were positive except thigh and breast muscle and the percentage was highest in Liver sample (66.67%). There was no positive sample in control group. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). From the above findings, this research could be considered a need based research in Bangladesh to ascertain the influential effect of antibiotic abuse in poultry industry.

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