scholarly journals MILITARY VOCABULARY IN AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
E. Dzhavadova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
New Words ◽  
Historical Periods

The article discusses the development of military vocabulary in the Azerbaijani language. For this purpose, military words used in literary language in different historical periods are used. Military vocabulary is analyzed for development activity. The article shows that military words were used in two directions in the Azerbaijani literary language. The first is words that are used in a real sense, and the second are words that are used for stylistic purposes. The richest source for the preservation of ancient military words is considered to be the artistic style, and this idea is confirmed by factual materials. In addition, the article discusses the development of military vocabulary and the emergence of new words in this area during the Second Karabakh War.

Chronofact Names: Their Transformations in Contemporary MassMedia

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Irina Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
New Words ◽  
Technological Disasters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Historical Periods

The article presents the results of the study devoted to the semantic transformations of chronofact names understood as proper names referring to resonance events that are often tragic. In spite of many studies devoted to the processes of new words activation in various historical periods, proper names, with rare exceptions, are not included in the phenomena under the study. The objective of the following research is to identify universal features of chronofact names that make it possible to study these names as a separate group of onyms with their specific semantic and motivational characteristics. The proper names that have become the symbols of technological disasters, terrorist attacks, antigovernment actions, etc. (Chernobyl, Fukushima, Nord-Ost, Beslan, Bolotnaya Square, Maydan, and so on) served as the material of this study. Contextual analysis of these names in Russian media in the last decades, as well as component analysis of the connotative semantics of each name, allowed the author to select several common characteristics of chronofact names. First, every chronofact name undergoes rapid semantic transformations in the following order: it denotes a certain object – it denotes a singular tragic event (metonymy) and the development of a connotative onym – it denotes any other similar event (metaphor) and develops the characteristics of a precedent name. Second, chronofact names display same lexical and grammatical signs and they are used in homogenous contexts. Third, under certain extra-linguistic conditions, chronofact names are capable of expanding their figurative meanings and denoting a genuine notion for a long time. The material under the analysis is of interest to theoretical understanding of connotation as well as lexicographic description.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ACADEMICIAN SHORA SARYBAYEVA ON PRESS LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
K. Essenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Use Cases ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Correct Translation ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article analyzes the scientific achievements of academician Shora Sarybaev about the language of the press. It deals with opinions on violations of literary norms in the use of incorrect translations, and the use of many variant words and non-literary slang in the Kazakh media are presented. Scientist Sh. Sarybaev analyzes the conclusions about the dynamics of the penetration of new words into the literary language in 1920-30. A number of features of the language of newspapers and magazines of the period of independence are discussed in the article of the scientist Sh. Sarybaev "New applications of the language of the media", written in 1999. The language of the press of the society that supported the only ideology of the Soviet era was written in a literary language, with strict stylistic and spelling norms. However, the scientist Shora Sarybaev noted that there are difficulties with the translation of new foreign words in the media. Difficulties arose to give the correct translation of the neologisms. Given the proliferation of new use cases in periodicals, the scientist considered it prudent to use alternative names in newspapers and magazines along with the keyword before Terminсom approval.

scholarly journals Dialect as a crossroads of local and interlocal (Bukovyna dialect of the village Hrozyntsi)

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Koliesnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
New Information ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
Word Change ◽  
The Village ◽  
Morphological System

The article deals with description of one dialect as a system. The purpose of of this study is to describe the main features of the dialect v. Hrozyntsi, manifested in oral dialectal speech, at all language levels. Attention is drawn to typical phonetic, morphological and syntactic dialectal features. The author’s own records from this dialect (2010), dictionary materials (2005, 2006) and lexical materials of this village are the source base of the study. The interview method was used to record the material. The features of word change of noun parts of speech and conjugation of verbs, morphological features of nouns (vacillation in the genus), adjectives (creation of degrees of comparison), dialectal forms of pronouns and adverbs are characterizes for the dialect morphological system. Some previously unknown words have been found, they enriches the vocabulary of the dialect. This material supplement the Dictionary Bukovyna Dialects of with new information: new words, original semantics of famous words, new word forms, expands the idea of the localization of individual words. Among the dialect words there are a number of literary names that have passed into the passive, but continue to function in the dialect. This fact testifies to the connection between literary language and its dialectal variants. The obtained results make it possible confirm that this dialect is Bukovyna dialect with the features of Podillia dialect.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL CHANGES OF PREFIXES IN ENGLISH WORD FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(68)) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
A. Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Language ◽  
Development Process ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of

The vocabulary of literary language of modern English that becomes rich these days we can see from the development process of its word formation. The role of history of prefixes in forming of new words in the word building is extensive. The article was explored the charachteristics of the history of the English language prefixes. During the Ancient and Middle Ages, prefixes were commonly used less in word formation than before. The decrease in prefixes, of course, is due to certain reasons. Some English prefixes, on the other hand, are derived from OE adverbs and prepositions, and ME and NE are more advanced in number in the creation of new words.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF MEDIA TEXT AND LANGUAGE IN RECREATIONAL TV PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Public ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Absolute Efficiency ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The Mind

Today, the media is divided into two major types: print and electronic. Text written for print media is significantly different from text written for radio, television, internet media. Accordingly, media texts cover several forms in terms of their specific features, ideological and technological aspects. Since reality in television language is usually expressed through images, a great deal of attention is paid to the power of the image. However, given the impossibility of achieving absolute efficiency with a dry image, there is a need for analysis of media texts. The issue of language and style of the anchorperson (author) has a special place in television journalism. While recreational programs on national TV channels are among the most popular programs of the audience, the process of interactive dialogue, debates and discussions, the expression of opinions, changes in the culture of individual communication of each person. Thus, the language of radio and television influences the language of the citizens of the whole country, its development. New words and phrases that are heard on the radio or television will soon spread to everyone and become fashionable. This fact shows that the language of TV and radio journalists has a special responsibility. Journalists and anchorperson need to preserve the language culture, preserve the lively and nice voice, and speak in accordance with the norms of literary language. Recently, television technologies, especially the latest methods of editing, have been used in order to raise the rating of programs, to penetrate the hearts of the public, to have a sharp impact on the mind and psychology. While the faster impact on the mind through image is a key factor, the naming of programs to engage the audience has also begun to play an important role because a resonant name quickly affects the consciousness of the audience. The article analyzes language issues in recreational television programs, in particular, the use of words from foreign languages in naming them, their impact on the language of the audience, programs based on the norms of the Uzbek literary language and the analysis of their status.

scholarly journals Dynamic Processes in the Russian Language of the Coronavirus Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Elena I. Golovanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
The Russian Language

This article considers the active processes occurring in the Russian language during the coronavirus pandemic. Specific changes in the vocabulary are described, new phenomena in lexical semantics in various spheres of communication are identified. Primary attention is given to the changes in the active vocabulary of the literary language, the sources of new words, and the assimilation of foreign borrowings that are highly relevant for communication in this period. According to the author, the most important processes taking place in the Russian language include intellectualization of the common literary language, i.e. the introduction of highly specialized terms of medicine, virology, and immunotherapy (saturation, contagiousness, antibodies, etc.); activation of a number of words due to the current events (regime, quarantine, vaccine, etc.) and expansion of their collocations; active derivational processes in the course of assimilation of loan words (covid, coronavirus, pandemic, etc.) and adaptation of existing words to the new reality (remote working, distance learning, etc.); actualization of individual lexical and grammatical categories of words (substantivized adjectives and nouns ending in -tion); dynamic processes in lexical semantics (semantic neologisms, enantiosemy); formation of multicomponent synonym sets and variants of nomination (covid, coronavirus, new coronavirus infection, etc.); widespread use of figurative names (red zone, peak in morbidity, immune response, viral load, second wave, etc.). Concrete examples show that the new reality has expanded the range of social practices, whose language reflects the values and pragmatic attitudes characteristic of the current moment.

Term and lexicographic standard

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Zinaida Kozyreva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
National Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
New Words ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
A Chain

The article is devoted to the question of selecting a special (terminological) vocabulary for a comprehensive explanatory dictionary and its lexicographic normalization (standardization). Of particular relevance, this problem occurs today, when there is an active replenishment of the terminology in various fields of science, technology, production, etc. The language policy regarding the dynamic nature of the norms of the literary language consists in its codification – the establishment of rules of use in dictionaries and grammar. The main principle of graphic design of words in the dictionary of an interpretative type is the strict observance of the rules of the spelling. Independent standardization (bringing terminology to a single system) from the necessity of the first priority solving a number of problems caused by violations of the lexical general literary norm. The most typical spelling mistakes that occur in dictionaries are outlined, and the ways of overcoming them are proposed. The combination of objective updating of the lexical structure with the consciously carried on by linguists subjective updating has become a specific feature of work on organization, codification and development of the Ukrainian vocabulary. In a chain of terms on the notation of the notion “bringing something into a uniform” there is a certain hierarchical subordination: systematization – normalization – unification – codification – standardization “observance of the only stable grammatical and stylistic norms on the national language”. The question of the place of special vocabulary in general dictionaries is one of the most difficult in modern lexicography, especially today, when there is an active replenishment of the vocabulary by terms of various branches of science, technology, production. Theoretical lexicography substantiates the necessity of introducing terms into the register of explanatory dictionaries, which is the core of the terminology and at the same time a part of the literary language. Practical work on the dictionary reveals various tendencies in fixing the new words of the special vocabulary: from the aspiration of its full coverage to the reasoned selection. There are several main criteria for selecting terminological units for a general-purpose dictionary: 1) the social significance of the terms of science and technology; 2) structural features contributing to the term adaption by the system of literary language; 3) the scope of the special vocabulary. The stable tendency of productivity growth of syntactic derivation in the Ukrainian language is noted – replenishment of the terminological fund by terms of phrases, and also the criteria of the selection of such multi-component phrases, their codification and standardization are outlined. The main tendencies, which are traced in the new dictionaries, are noted. One of the most important is devoted to the foreign words entry into Ukrainian and problems connected with their spelling. Violations of spelling norms caused by wrong adaptation of borrowings in modern dictionaries are pointed out, and the negative influence of spelling mismanagement of borrowings on the functioning of the Ukrainian lexemes is emphasized. As a result, a well-considered way of building and normalizing the Ukrainian literary lexicon is the principle of a reasonable balance between tradition and the need for renewal.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION OF UKRAINIAN LEXICON IN BUILDING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF PHILOLOGY MAJORS: LECICO-CENTRIC APPROACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Svitlana Grytsenko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
New Words ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Semantic Evolution ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Historical Periods

Background: Derivation is an important factor of the lexicon development of every language and Ukrainian in particular. The lexicological aspect of this phenomenon, however, has not been researched in proper manner yet. Purpose: The goal of the article is to enhance the learners’ understanding of the value and opportunities of semantic derivation as a significant factor of the lexicon development of the Ukrainian language in a certain time period as well as to rationalize the employment of a lexicographic approach to the analysis of lexical depository development of the language in diachrony. Discussion: Changes in a language lexicon in different historical periods may differ by quantity of exposed new units, areas of their functioning and further development in the structure of a language. Such changes may reveal themselves in acquiring new meanings by native and borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, phrase or set phrase coinage, generalization or particularization of meaning, connotation development, ranking of semantic units. It’s important to understand that lexicon which had existed before new words appeared also changes in the process of the development of new nominative units. Although lexicographical sources do not always reflect new semantic shades of a word, it’s impossible to define this lexicon as unchangeable, since relations between lexemes change. Therefore, semantic evolution is frequently hidden behind formally unchanged lexemes

scholarly journals Modern English Classical Scientific Terminology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Pérez Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Greek Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
El Alto ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Technical Terms

El objetivo principal es mostrar la introducción de préstamos clásicos en la terminología científica del Inglés Moderno debido a la influencia que ejercen en el inglés como resultado de la importancia de la lengua, cultura y literatura greco-latinas, su amplia aceptación y su carácter internacional. El alto grado de especialización obliga a los científicos de los siglos XVIII y XIX a adquirir tecnicismos clásicos. Estas nuevas palabras (sobre la división de la ciencia en nuevas ramas y sus sub-ramas, matemáticas, física y química) se registran por primera vez en la lengua literaria y en los escritos científico-técnicos de este perido.Palabras clave: Préstamos clásicos - terminología científica - Inglés Moderno.ABSTRACTThe main aim is to show the introduction of classical loanwords into the scientific terminology of Modern English due to the influence they exert in English as a result of the importance of Latin and Greek language, culture and literature, their extensive acceptance and their international nature. The high degree of specialization forces 18th c. and 19th c. scientists to acquire classical technical terms. These new words (concerning the division of science into new branches and their sub-branches, mathematics, physics and chemistry) are recorded in the literary language and in scientific and technical writings of this period.Key words: Classical loanwords - scientific terminology - Modern English

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