scholarly journals Current Trends in Epidemiology of Rabies in Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
O. N. Hanenko ◽  
N. D. Kolomiets ◽  
O. V. Tonko
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Damage Category ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Treatment Demand ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Population Treatment

Relevance. According to expert estimates, tens of thousands of people die every year from rabies infection, mainly in Asia and Africa, for whom the main source of transmission of the virus is dogs.The purpose of the work is to establish the epidemiological characteristics of rabies infection in Belarus from 2013 to 2018 in the absence of cases of rabies among the population. Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of treatment demand for anti-rabies medical care (ARMС), analysis of data on an epizootic situation was applied.Results and discussion. The population treatment demand for ARMС ranged from 209.60/0000 to 227.20/0000 and was characterized by higher rates 1.6–1.7 times (P ≤ 0.05) among people under the age of 18. The results of monitoring the epizootic situation of rabies revealed that among all wild animals the proportion of «fox» rabies was 80.7%, while 94.4% of the patients were injured by dogs and cats. In 2018 has increased in 3.3 times (P ≤ 0.02) the frequency of treatment persons with the 3rd damage category and in 1.6 increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the proportion of rabies of farm animals in the structure of the reasons for applying for ARMС in comparison with 2013.Conclusion. In Belarus, the relevance of the problem of rabies infection is determined by the activity of the epizootic process, the consistently high treatment demand for ARMС, the events of contacts of the population, including mass, with rabies animals, the annual increase in the frequency of registration of the 3rd category of damage, as well as refusals of immunization and spontaneous interruption of preventive immunization by patients.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals STUDY RESULTS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE INTENSITY IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST RABIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND BORDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
D.N. Latfullin ◽  
◽  
R.M. Akhmadeev ◽  
N.R. Miftahov ◽  
Kh.N. Makaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic

Rabies control programs include preventive immunization of farm and domestic animals, catching stray dogs and cats, oral vaccination of wild animals, and measures to control the number of the wildlife. Rabies in ruminants is a deadlock in the rabies epizootic situation. Rabies in ruminant animals is the result of the epizootic process in wild animals of the area, even if the process is not recorded. The more than doubled decrease in the number of cattle the European part of Russia saw in recent years resulted in a decrease in cases of rabies in these animals. Vaccination forms the animal group that prevents the further spread of infection, and further reduces morbidity. The paper presents the data on the rabies epizootic situation on the territory of Tatarstan in 2018, preventive measures against the epizootic situation among domestic, wild and farm animals. Also, it presents laboratory results of blood 51 DOI: 10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52 Вестник БГАУ / Vestnik BSAU, 2019, № 3 serum samples in the cattle vaccinated against rabies in some areas of Tatarstan and border areas of Bashkortostan. The study results indicate that both regions take effective measures against rabies. The incidence of rabies in farm animals is minimized due to a large number of vaccinated animals, and preventive measures taken against rabies among wild animals. Revaccination of cattle is needed in a number of areas to ensure better protection of animals.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Infections Associated with Surgery and Treatment of Oncological Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
G. G. Badamshina ◽  
V. B. Ziatdinov ◽  
L. M. Fatkhutdinova ◽  
G. M. Тrukhina ◽  
B. A. Bakirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Structure ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City ◽  
Statistical Record

Introduction. In the Russian Federation there is a constantly updated register of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases reporting which is mandatory. Massive expenses and detriment to patients’ health caused by these infections prompted the authors to run a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity registered in the population of the city of Kazan during the period under review. This paper presents a study of patterns of the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.This study aims to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases registered in the population of the city of Kazan.Materials and methods. Authors analysed the Emergency Notifications for an Infectious Disease (form 058/u) as well as the data from the Rospotrebnadzor Federal Statistical Record Form №2. The paper presents the morbidity annual dynamics, structure and spatial characteristics and describes key pathogens of HAIs.Results and discussion. On the basis of the data obtained the authors give clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the annual dynamics of the morbidity characterised by recurrent rises during the year with the top incidence in the autumn. Neonatal PSI infections dominate the HAIs incidence structure (52.8%). St. aureus is the priority HAI pathogen (26.5% of cases) in the city of Kazan.Conclusion. Microbiological monitoring of emerging HAIs is an efficient tool for managerial decision making and the development of an algorithm for anti-epidemic measures in the departments and the hospital as a whole for the reduction of risk of infection.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Malishevsky
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

Purpose – to determine the statistical and epidemiological parameters of malignantneoplasms of the abdominal cavity organs.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Chernivtsi RegionalClinical Oncological Dispensary and covers observation materials during 2019 andstatistical reporting concerning 21259 patients with tumors of various localization. The calculation of indices was carried out using software packages MS Access and MS Excelbased on the Microsoft Office medium.Results. Neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%-37.1% of the totalnumber of neoplasms of various localization. The distribution of patients with malignantdiseases of the abdominal organs by developmental stages is relatively uniform, despitesignificant differences in various localizations of neoplasmsConclusions. Malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%(registered) and 37.1% of the newly diagnosed of the total number of tumors of variouslocalization, indicating the importance of further research. A significant part of tumors ofthe abdominal cavity organs are diagnosed in the late (III-IV) stages of the pathologicalprocess development (up to 94.7% in the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract). Therevealed significant differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics requirefurther research.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV1 VARIANTS CIRCULATING IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION TERRITORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Kotova ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
L. A. Balakhontseva ◽  
E. A. Bazykina ◽  
O. A. Yanovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Prevalence Index ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv 1

Objective: to perform a molecular-epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in the Jewish autonomous region territory. Materials and methods. The research included 58 patients with HIV-infection. Amplified pol-gene fragments were used as a template to detect drug resistance mutations by Sanger sequencing (AmpliSens® HIV-Resist-Seq). Pol-gene is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA version 6.0 program. Results: the research revealed an insignificant prevalence of HIV-1 СRF63_02A1 recombinant form. It was registered in 25 patients (44,6%). Sub-subtype A6 was identified in 23 HIV-positive people (41,1%). Subtype B was revealed in 6 cases (10,7%), subtype С — in two cases (3,6%). Primary drug resistance mutations were identified in 9 patients that were undergoing antiretroviral treatment. This dictates the necessity to change the treatment regimen in the specified patients. The prevalence index of drug resistance mutations in naïve patients equaled to 3,8%.

scholarly journals Farm Animals’ Behaviors and Welfare Analysis with IA Algorithms: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Olivier Debauche ◽  
Meryem Elmoulat ◽  
Saïd Mahmoudi ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle ◽  
Frédéric Lebeau
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Animal Category

Numerous bibliographic reviews related to the use of AI for the behavioral detection of farm animals exist, but they only focus on a particular type of animal. We believe that some techniques were used for some animals that could also be used for other types of animals. The application and comparison of these techniques between animal species are rarely done. In this paper, we propose a review of machine learning approaches used for the detection of farm animals’ behaviors such as lameness, grazing, rumination, and so on. The originality of this paper is matched classification in the midst of sensors and algorithms used for each animal category. First, we highlight the most implemented approaches for different categories of animals (cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and chickens) to inspire researchers interested to conduct investigation and employ the methods we have evaluated and the results we have obtained in this study. Second, we describe the current trends in terms of technological development and new paradigms that will impact the AI research. Finally, we critically analyze what is done and we draw new pathways of research to advance our understanding of animal’s behaviors.

scholarly journals Measles in Zaporizhzhia: in the footsteps of the last epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
N. M. Polishchuk ◽  
N. L. Kolycheva ◽  
K. S. Krupiei ◽  
Yu. V. Bukina ◽  
M. Ye. Kolerova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In 2017–2019 in Ukraine, including the Zaporizhzhia region, a strong rise in the incidence of measles was recorded. A retrospective analysis of the incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region during this outbreak allows us to identify the main problems in the system of epidemiological surveillance to predict future possible consequences. The aim of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of measles incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region with the data obtained in the period from 2015 to 2020 according to the epidemiological criteria. Materials and methods. The annual reports of 2015–2020 provided by the Department of Epidemiological Research of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used as materials for the retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles incidence in Zaporizhzhia region. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out according to epidemiological characteristics: age distribution, the residence of patients in urban or rural areas. Commonly used statistical methods used in medicine were used to evaluate the obtained results. Results. It is concluded that in the Zaporizhzhia region during 2015 only 2 cases of measles were detected for children, and in 2016 no measles were registered in the region at all. In 2017–2019 1.433 measles patients were identified in the Zaporizhzhia region, of which 68 % were adults and 32 % were children. The lowest detection rate of measles was registered among rural residents. Insufficient vaccination coverage of the population has become a significant reason for the spread of measles among residents of the Zaporizhzhia region. In 2020 no cases of measles have been registered in the Zaporizhzhia region. Conclusions. The prevalence of incidence rate among adults attests to the fact that today measles can not be considered only a childhood disease. The deficiency of an immune layer, both among adults and children, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease. Mandatory vaccination of children and the introduction of additional vaccination of adults, optimizing the system of epidemiological surveillance for measles, including continuous monitoring of vaccination, is the main mechanism for combating this disease.

scholarly journals Biosensors for Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Determination in Feed Quality Control

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Krisztina Majer-Baranyi ◽  
Nóra Adányi ◽  
András Székács
Keyword(s):  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Feed Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
Analytical Tools

Mycotoxin contamination of cereals used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals; therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current trends in food/feed analysis are focusing on the application of biosensor technologies that offer fast and highly selective and sensitive detection with minimal sample treatment and reagents required. The article presents an overview of the recent progress of the development of biosensors for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone determination in cereals and feed. Novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods applied for the sensors and the application of these sensors to food/feed products, the limit, and the time of detection are discussed.

scholarly journals Development features of healthy anti-leukemic measures schemes considering the influence of the epizootic process on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (14) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Maksim Petropavlovskiy ◽  
A. Lysov ◽  
Al'bina Isaeva ◽  
Alisa Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract. The study of the features of the leukemic epizootic process in agricultural organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out. The object of the study was cattle of different groups, including calves before drinking colostrum, heifers, springer heifers, pregnant and dairy cows. The purpose was to develop general schemes of anti-leukemic measures that guarantee a reduction in the recovery period for disadvantaged areas and a decrease in the level of infection of cattle with the leukemia virus. The work was carried out in the leukemia laboratory of the department for monitoring and predicting infectious animal diseases of the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Methods. A retrospective and operational analysis of data on the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus was carried out. Scientific novelty consists in obtaining new knowledge about the problems of diagnostics of the bovine leukemia virus among the populations of farm animals in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The features of the leukemic epizootic process have been studied: sources, transmission routes of the leukemia virus, level of infection and incidence of bovine leukemia virus in the surveyed farms in the regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results. On the basis of the data obtained, general schemes of anti-leukemic measures have been developed, which guarantee a reduction in the recovery time of disadvantaged areas and a decrease in the level of infection of livestock with the leukemia virus.

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