scholarly journals Perspective apple clonal rootstocks for intensive orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Trunov ◽  
A. V. Soloviev ◽  
R. V. Papikhin ◽  
M. L. Dubrovsky ◽  
I. N. Shamshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Russian Federation

Breeding work in the Michurinsk State Agrarian University (MSAU) is based on one of the eff ective strategies for producing high-quality planting material for establishment of intensive perennial fruit plantations – the use of apple varieties and clone stocks that are highly resistant to extreme factors and immune to diseases. As a result of many years of breeding work, the MSAU is the originator of 24 forms of clonal stocks (out of 46 forms allowed for cultivation in the Russian Federation) and the patent holder of 8 stocks. In 2018, 4 apple clonal rootstocks (70-20-20, 70-20-21, 71-7-22, 75- 1-62) were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements admitted to cultivation on the territory of the Russian Federation. The main requirements for apple stocks for intensive orchards are high resistance to major environmental factors; suitability for intensive types of orchards; increased resistance to pathogens; good ability to vegetative propagation; lack of root shoots in the orchard; increase of productivity, early fruited varieties, quality of fruits. The advantages of planting material of apple trees on weak clonal rootstocks of the MSAU breeding are established: high compatibility of rootstocks with the best zoned and promising apple varieties; high frost resistance and winter hardiness of the root system, withstanding up to -16 °С – there are no foreign analogues on this basis; high resistance of stocks to the bacterial burn (unlike most foreign stocks); accelerated entry into fruiting, the onset of the period of commodity bearing fruit in the orchard on the 3rd ... 5th year; high productivity of commercial apple plantings in the conditions of Central Russia – an average of 25 to 40-50 tons / ha. For widespread introduction into production, the most studied clonal stocks of the MSAU breeding are recommended in Russia and in many countries of the world: the Paradizka Budagovsky (dwarf), 62-396 (half-dwarf), 54-118 (medium-sized). To increase the productivity and the resistance of plants and the eff ectiveness of Russian horticulture as a whole, it is necessary to create mother nurseries of apple rootstocks, free from harmful viral infections (repositories).

Tomato viruses especially dangerous for vegetable growing of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽  
Е.В. Каримова ◽  
Ю.Н. Приходько ◽  
Е.Н. Лозовая ◽  
Т.С. Живаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Almost All

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK IN SELECTION-GENETIC AND SELECTION-HYBRID CENTERS

PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
A.A. NOVIKOV ◽  
◽  
E.N. SUSLINA ◽  
D.G. SHICHKIN ◽  
M.G. DUNINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation

An analysis of the state of breeding work in pig-breeding was carried out. The characteristics of the existing organizational structure of pig breeding in the Russian Federation are given, its shortcomings are shown taking into account the zoning of the location of selection and genetic centers. Technological disadvantages of operation of selection-genetic and selection-hybrid centers have been revealed.

scholarly journals Influence of abiotic factors on spring oat yields in the Northern region of Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Irina Valentinovna Zobnina ◽  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Korelina ◽  
Olga Borisovna Batakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Mean

Field experiments were carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, typical for the Northern region of the Russian Federation, in 2012-2019. The dependence of spring oat yields on abiotic conditions was studied. During the research years, the weather conditions varied significantly, which affected the productivity of spring oat. The yield of spring oat grain was found to have a very weak correlation with the effective temperature sum, weak correlation - with the total precipitation, and negative correlation - with the mean air temperature, which indicates the possibility of seed production of this crop in the Northern region of the Russian Federation. According to the data obtained, grain yields varied significantly from year to year. The reasons for the decline in grain productivity in individual years were different and complex. The most plastic cultivars with high productivity were identified.

scholarly journals Efficiency of growth biostimulators in production of planting material of northern white cedar

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
N.A. Lopachev ◽  
V.T. Lobkov ◽  
V.P. Naumkin ◽  
A.L. Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Formation Phase

An assessment of the efficacy of preparations (Kornevin, SP; Albit, TPS; Epin-extra) in the production of planting material of Northern white cedar by vegetative propagation with wood cuttings under the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation is given on the example of the Orel region. All the studied preparations had a significant effect on the rooting process of cuttings. The obtained and analyzed data of phenological observations showed that the greatest effect on the acceleration of the onset of the of root formation phase had preparation “Albit, TPS”, 3-4 weeks earlier than the control. The number of formed cuttings and their length were also mainly influenced by “Albit, TPS”, which increased the average number of roots by 3 pcs., and their average length by 44 mm, in comparison with the control. The effect of the use of the biostimulator “Albit, TPS” had a significant influence on the number of established cuttings, providing 20 rooted cuttings or 28% more than in the control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of consumer properties of collection samples of tomato under conditions of the Republic of Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Izmailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of our research was to study the consumer properties of six varieties of tomatoes bred in the Russian federation. The following tasks were solved to achieve the desired goal: research of the commodity characteristics of tomatoes, studying the safety of tomato varieties, and carrying out an organoleptic assessment of the samples under study. We studied six hybrids, namely ‘Mobil’, ‘Bulat’, ‘Dubok’, ‘Rosalina’, ‘Volgogradets’, and ‘Lakomka’ that were cultivated in the Republic of Crimea. Breeding work was carried out on the experimental fields of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” in the Department of Breeding and Seed Growing of Vegetable and Melon Crops. Based on our studies, tomato varieties ‘Rosalina’, ‘Lakomka’ and ‘Bulat’, which are high in quality and excellent in taste, are recommended for cultivation in the Republic of Crimea.

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RECURRENT EPIDEMICS OF VIRAL INFECTIONS USING THE DATA OF A TOWN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
D.A. Semenova ◽  
M.Y. Prostov ◽  
T.V. Zarubina ◽  
E.I. Veselova ◽  
A.S. Vinokurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals НОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА КЛОНАЛЬНОГО МИКРОРАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ СОРТА КАРТОФЕЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
E.P. Miakisheva ◽  
O.K. Tavartkiladze ◽  
D.A. Durnikin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
The Russian Federation

<span lang="EN-US">The article is sanctified urgent need to use methods of modern biotechnology in primary seed farming of potatoes in the territory of the Russian Federation. Lack of required amount of good quality planting material is a major factor limiting stable high yield. The crop of potatoes, annually produced in Russia, significantly below global, and does not meet genetic capabilities of the species. Many viral infections tend to accumulate in the tubers, reducing their quality and keeping quality during storage. For the first time peculiarities of clonal micropropagation and in vitro culture of early-maturing potato varieties Lubava Russian breeding (agricultural research Institute of the city of Kemerovo, the Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation). At the stage of introduction to the culture of the parameters, providing pure cultures using lizoformin as sterilizing compounds. At the stage of actually breeding to obtain plants-regenerants of a certain morphological structure was studied the influence of certain components of the nutrient medium. The influence of agar, sucrose and vitamins such morphological indicators of development of regenerated plants as number of internodes and plant height. In the rooting stage the effect of different of growth regulators auxin nature: </span><span>α</span><span lang="EN-US">-naphthyloxy acid, </span><span>β</span><span lang="EN-US">-indoleacetic acid and </span><span>β</span><span lang="EN-US">-indolebutyric acid, in concentrations of 0.1-5 </span><span>μ</span><span lang="EN-US">m. Selected concentrations of these compounds, the introduction of which in the nutrient medium provided the maximum indices of rhisogenesis: the number and length of roots. At the stage of adaptation to non-sterile growing conditions ex vitro the efficiency of the hydroponic plants, filled with a liquid nutrient solution. A successful stage adaptation has characterizability 100% survival rate of plants and increase the morphological characteristics of regenerants.</span>

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF WINTER HARDINESS CONDITIONS ON THE LEVEL OF EYES WINTERKILLING AND THE GRAPE’S PRODUCTIVITY IN TRENCH CULTURE IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE OMSK REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Владимир Кумпан ◽  
Vladimir Kumpan ◽  
Светлана Сухоцкая ◽  
Svetlana Suhockaya ◽  
Анна Клинг ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Polyethylene Coating ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Continental Climate

Most of the Russian Federation zones has a continental climate and significant amplitude of temperature fluctuations in the autumn-winter and spring periods are one of the most urgent problems of wintering the grape plants. The conducted researches showed that among the introduced varieties of grapes, studied in the conditions of the Omsk region, the two groups of varieties with a degree of freezing of eyes are distinguished in the average for 2012-. 2016 years at the level of the control grade Katyr (26.3%) - Ayar -27.3, Tukay - 31.5%; the freezing is higher than the control grade level in the following varieties: GF -2-7-2 - 42.2, Agat Donskoy - 47.6, Edna 48.1, Moscovityanin -53.3%. The prospects for growing grapes in trench culture in the Omsk region are varieties with a relatively stable and potentially high productivity, such as Tukay, Edna, an average of 5.2 and 5.0, a maximum of 8.8 and 11.4 kilogramm per bush, and Agat Donskoy and GF -2-7-2, an average of 4.9 and 4.7, a maximum of 12.4 and 10.1 kilogramm per bush. The results of overwintering of grapes in trench culture largely depend on the presence and height of the snow cover, it is recommended to use additional insulation of trenches over the polyethylene coating with a layer of sawdust or humus in conditions of the Omsk region in the absence or a small snow cover.

scholarly journals To the History of the Discovery and Research into Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
GG Kompanets ◽  
OV Iunikhina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hantaan Virus ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral, natural focal infection that is currently relevant for many countries of the world and ranks high among zoonotic viral infections in the Russian Federation. The purpose of our work was to present the main stages of the discovery and study of HFRS: from registration of the first clinical cases of the disease by military doctors in the east of our country to the current level of research. Materials and methods: We analyzed scientific literature devoted to the discovery of HFRS and further studies of this natural focal disease. Results: The discovery of many natural focal infections that are still relevant today in the Russian Federation coincided with the beginning of the rapid exploration and development of the Far East in the 1930s. Long-term studies of Soviet and foreign scientists helped systematize knowledge about viral etiology, clinical picture, pathophysiology, and pathomorphology of hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis and isolate the Hantaan virus, the etiological agent of HFRS (Lee HW, 1978). World famous Soviet virologists A.A. Smorodintsev and M.P. Chumakov, local scientists, doctors, and employees of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing made a significant contribution to the research into etiology, terminological consistency, epidemiology, and epizootology of HFRS. Conclusion: At present, the study of various aspects of hantavirus infections is one of the main tasks of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.P. Somov. The research continues to establish the mechanisms of functioning of the natural foci of orthohantaviruses at different phases of the population cycles of their main carriers and in different landscape zones of the Russian Far East. A search for new species of orthohantaviruses, their natural reservoirs, and novel antiviral biologically active substances of natural and synthetic origin against orthohantaviruses is going on.

scholarly journals Selection and breeding work in the northern reindeer husbandry of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Yuzhakov ◽  
K.A. Layshev ◽  
G.F. Detter ◽  
S.M. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Breeding Farms

The article presents the results of evaluating selection and breeding work in reindeer farms in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out by general scientific methods of historical, statistical and expert analysis. It is noted that at present, 4 breeds of reindeers are officially registered in Russia: Nenets, Chukchi, Evenk and Even. As of the beginning of 2020, the breeding base of northern reindeer breeding includes 26 farms. The article analyzes the state of selection and breeding work in the regions. All breeding farms of the Arctic zone work according to long-term and annual work plans agreed with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, they carry out in-depth breeding work based on the selection of animals according to phenotypic characteristics. Individual animal registration and ear tagging are applied. The animals are graded annually with class assignment. Before the rut, castration is carried out in order to cull out non-cool and unsuitable breeding bulls. To reduce the likelihood of closely related crossings and increase the heterogeneity of the breeding stock, an inter-herd and inter-farm exchange of sire bulls is carried out. Among the problems that hinder the development of selection and pedigree work in northern reindeer husbandry and hinder the realization of the genetic potential of pedigree animals are: an acute shortage of pasture feed in the tundra zone during the snowy period; mass cutting of antlers (growing horns) from producers, which reduces the quality of the seed and reproductive rates; imperfection and low reliability of breeding records; lack of a unified genetic monitoring system; an acute shortage of specialists with the necessary competencies; lack of the development of the market for breeding animals; insufficient level of financing of breeding farms by region. In addition, it is especially emphasized that breeding work in reindeer herds is often carried out without scientific support and supervision by specialists. Genetic examination of the origin of animals, assessment of producers by the quality of seed and offspring is poorly introduced.

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