scholarly journals LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH DISCOURSE THESAURUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia V. Zinukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Business English ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Complex Words

In this article the features of Business English discourse thesaurus have been analyzed. Knowledge of institutional Business English discourse, which is a sign of translators� activity, is one of the mandatory qualification characteristics of the translator�s language personality in general and the interpreter in particular. Taking into account the specifics of the translator�s professional activity, the peculiarities of Business English discourse thesaurus, including words in their direct nominative meaning, and words with terminological meaning, are determined as well as the features of word-forming model (affixation, word-formation, conversion, reduction, synonymy), frequently used phraseological units that carry certain information about national peculiarities of the worldview of native speakers; metaphorical units and emphatic constructions. Based on the continuous sampling method (to identify lexical units of institutional Business English discourse for further analysis), the method of dictionary definitions (to study the semantics of lexical units), contrastive method (to establish common and distinctive features for translation) and descriptive method (to identify and systematization of features and difficulties of translation of lexical units of Business English discourse) the features of functioning of Business English discourse thesaurus are analyzed. The peculiarities of business discourse include stability and standardization due to the scope of its application between people, institutions and states. Since business discourse is characterized by strict accuracy, objectivity, specificity, conciseness, lack of imagery and emotionality, the choice of language means for it will be determined by the same features, because in the business style, the content should exclude ambiguity and the possibility of ambiguity. Despite the differences in content and variety of genres, business discourse in general is characterized by a number of common features, in particular: brevity, compactness of presentation, economical use of language; standard arrangement of material, often mandatory to use the inherent cliches of this style; extensive use of terminology, nomenclature names, the presence of a special layer of vocabulary and phraseology, the introduction of complex words and abbreviations. One main characteristic feature of the lexical composition of business discourse are terms. In addition to terms, there are common and special kinds of vocabulary (words and phrases that do not have the property of the term to identify concepts and objects in a particular field, but used exclusively in this field of communication) at the lexical level in each of the types of institutional Business English discourse. Special vocabulary can include both word-derived words and a number of commonly used words that function in the fixed phrases, thus being considered specialized. Another feature of Business English discourse, manifested at the morphological level, is the wordformation model of business language based on business terminology, which reveals four main ways of morphological word formation: affixation, word formation, conversion, abbreviations (lexical and graphic) and synonymy as a semantic phenomenon. Business English discourse, both oral and written, is characterized by a fairly high degree of idiomaticity, which really is a difficulty for translators working in the foreign economic field. Linguistic material of modern Business English discourse, which distinguishes it from other types of discourses, are precedent metaphors (precedent names, precedent utterances, precedent texts, precedent phenomena). They add a lively and figurative character to the business language, not depriving business discourse of accuracy, but increasing its pragmatic influence, due to their authenticity and high associative potential. In Business English oral discourse emphatic constructions (emphasis often occurs in the form of an inversion or emphatic construction with the previous It) are widely used to emphasize and give an emotionally expressive character to the utterance. Inversion can be conveyed syntactically (sentence reconstruction) and lexically (using various reinforcing words, such as �only�, �very�, �enough�, �too much�), grammatical constructions with It, which stands at the beginning of the sentence, constructions with the so-called Condensed Relative with the relative pronoun what in contracted subject or additional sentences. The most common cases are the presence in sentences of negative emphatic constructions with �no� before nouns. It is established that the success of each specific situation of intercultural business communication directly depends on the translator�s ability to correctly interpret the meaning of expression in the process of his professional activity.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE COMPONENTS OF THE WORDS IN THE ASPECT OF CONTEXTUAL SEMANTICS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. МОРГОЕВА ◽  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Special Studies

В работе рассматриваются препозиционные словообразовательные элементы, склонные к самостоятельному лексическому значению и обнаруживающие формально-грамматические пересечения с некоторыми морфологическими классами в осетинском языке. Тесная морфолого-синтаксическая связь слов становится мотивирующим признаком при образовании новых лексических образований, статус которых требует специальных исследований и определения их компонентного состава. Лексический состав современного осетинского языка в обеих его диалектных формах содержит изрядное количество сложных слов с одинаковыми начальными компонентами, обнаруживающих частичную утрату собственного лексического значения и потому не способных отвечать требованиям композитного образования. Анализ таких препозиционных элементов, не имеющих до сих пор однозначно определенного статуса, показал их способность к функционированию в составе слова в качестве полноценных префиксов, поскольку их семантическое значение сводится к указанию направления или местоположения объектов по отношению друг к другу. Их усеченная форма, стремительная утрата собственной семантики и словообразовательная активность способствуют укреплению их префиксального статуса. Прогнозируемая востребованность этих препозиционных единиц связана с развитием публицистического и официально-делового стилей осетинского языка. Препозиционные элементы, выступающие в качестве эмоционально-оценочных интенсификаторов мотивирующего компонента в составе лексического образования, нами классифицируются как префиксоиды. Сохраняя собственное лексическое значение при самостоятельном функционировании, такие элементы активизируют коннотативные смыслы того слова, с которым вступают в словообразовательные отношения. Семантические особенности, которыми способны наделять слово выявленные префиксоиды, ограничивают сферу употребления в рамках тех стилевых раз­новидностей, в которых предполагается образность и эмоциональная оценочность. The paper considers prepositional word-formation elements, prone to independent lexical meaning and revealing formal-grammatical intersections with some morphological classes in the Ossetian language. The close morphological and syntactic connection of words becomes a motivating sign in the formation of new lexical formations, the status of which requires special studies and determination of their component composition. The lexical composition of the modern Ossetian language in both its dialect forms contains a fair amount of complex words with the same initial components, revealing a partial loss of their own lexical meaning and therefore not able to meet the requirements of composite education. An analysis of such prepositional elements, which still do not have a uniquely defined status, showed their ability to function as part of a word as full-fledged prefixes, since their semantic meaning reduces to indicating the direction or location of objects with respect to each other. Their truncated form, the rapid loss of their own semantics and word-formation activity contribute to the strengthening of their prefix status. The predicted demand for these prepositional units is associated with the development of the journalistic and official business styles of the Ossetian language. Prepositional elements, acting as emotional-evaluative intensifiers of the motivating component in the lexical education, we classify as prefixoids. Preserving their own lexical meaning during independent functioning, such elements activate the connotative meanings of the word with which they enter into word-formation relations. The semantic features that the identified prefixoids are able to endow with the word limit the scope of use within the framework of those stylistic varieties in which imagery and emotional appraisal are assumed.

scholarly journals Complex nouns of common type in the Erzia and Hungarian languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Ariskina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Descriptive Method

Introduction. Word building is used to form integral complex words on the basis of two or more simple ones. The initial base can be a group of equal lexical units or a phrase. There are many derivational types of composites, the study of which allows us to trace what trends are manifested in the modern word building system of the language. Topical comparative research in this area contributes to the replenishment of the theoretical base and makes a significant contribution to teaching methods. Within the framework of this article, the following tasks are solved: to establish derivational connections of complex words, to classify composites in the Erzia and Hungarian languages, to identify ways of word formation of complex nouns and the degree of their productivity, to carry out a comparative analysis of derivational formants in Erzia and Hungarian. Materials and Methods. The material for the research was bilingual dictionaries: Erzia-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. The author used a descriptive method, methods of synchronous analysis, formal semantic and component analysis, historical-comparative and comparative-comparative methods, as well as quantitative analysis. Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of a continuous sampling from the dictionaries, it was found that the share of compound nouns with a compositional connection in both languages is within 20% of the total number of compound nouns. This means that the creation of composites is less productive than the formation of words with a subordinate link. In most cases, the first component in the examples under consideration is a noun, the history of which can be easily traced, in particular by derivational suffixes. In rare cases, the components of a compound word have lost their meaning. Conclusion. The intensity of the use of word building methods in the modern Erzia and Hungarian languages allow the production of words with a complex structure. The increase of the interest in comparative research indicate the need to study this phenomenon from a historical-comparative standpoint.

Translation of Business Discourse: Typology of Translation Operations (English, Ukrainian, Chinese)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Valentina Kisil ◽  
Svitlana Yukhymets
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
Translational Studies

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of terminology on the material of the English business discourse into Ukrainian and Chinese. The study represents the main approach to the definitions of such concepts as “business discourse” and “translation operation” in current language- and translational studies; the linguistic features of business discourse are analyzed; the translation operations applied at the lexical-semantic and structural component levels when translating English terms of business discourse into Ukrainian and Chinese are analyzed; the choice of translation operations when translating the terms of English discourse as a method of achieving an adequate translation. Key words: business discourse, translation operation, terminology, a term, the Chinese language.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

scholarly journals Disability, Human Resources and Behavioral Economics: The Labour Inclusion Case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7932
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cruz-Morato ◽  
Carmen Dueñas-Zambrana ◽  
Josefa García-Mestanza
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Social

The situation of labour inclusion of people with disabilities in Spain is still too negative, in spite of the different efforts carried out by public and private sector. Previous research points to social discrimination as one of the main causes of the situation. Ilunion Hotels is one of the most important hotel companies in Spain focused on labour inclusion of people with disabilities. The objective of this paper is to explore the social inclusion case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol, the actions that they have developed to improve the labour integration of this collective, based on a behavioral economics theoretical model (with a high relevance of the influence of social stigma, stress theories and coping to stress responses). We look into the specific situation of two of the three hotels developed as Special Employment Centres (sheltered employment contexts defined by Spanish legislation) and the possible impact of their Support Units for Professional Activity. Case study methodology is considered the most appropriate, according to the research objective, supported by semi-structured interviews with the hotel managers. The results show that, although Special Employment Centres are effective in improving labour integration in the short term and could contribute to change the long-term social perspectives about workers with disabilities, they could be also reinforcing the social stigma existing in the ordinary market.

scholarly journals The Linguistic Features of Acronyms in Arabic

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774671
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Over Time

This study investigates the phonological, semantic, and pragmatic features of acronyms in Arabic. Acronyms in Arabic have appeared quite recently as a result of globalization and exposure to or contact with, mainly, English via radio stations and TV channels, which are broadcasting in English and in some countries, for example, Morocco in both English and French. Through in-depth analysis, it has been observed that acronyms in Arabic are subject to different restrictions: (a) The phonological combinations are formed on the basis of Arabic templates; hence, should be compatible with Arabic phonotactics, for example, consonant clusters should be broken up by vowels; (b) the connotation of the acronyms should not be negative; and (c) in conformity with relevance theory, when the acronyms are homophonous to existing words, the former maximize contextual effects with minimum processing effort. The fact that they appear in certain contexts also reduces the processing effort. It has also become evident that the period between the establishment of the movement or party and the first use of the acronym decreases over time, provided that the acronyms are frequently mentioned in the media. The examination of acronyms in different languages shows that acronymization is quite pervasive cross-linguistically; this may suggest that not any word-formation process can easily spread; it needs to be prevalent and potentially universal.

BUSINESS RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
S. A. FILIN ◽  
◽  
N. A. FADEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
The Subject

In this article, the subject of research is the methods of risk assessment in business as the main way to minimize risks when choosing a particular scenario for the development of events, as well as the difficulty in choosing a method for further analysis. The purpose of this article is to identify the most appropriate risk assessment method for a given situation and, accordingly, compare them and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the methods under consideration. The article provides examples for specific situations of the most commonly used risk assessment methods in modern business. Recommendations for the most effective application of the analyzed methods are offered, depending on the goal of risk analysis and a specific situation. The results and conclusions are presented, corresponding to the set goal.

Optimal spaces and hyphens

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Vilma Symanczyk Joppe
Keyword(s):  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Complex Words

Abstract The paper deals with the insertion of spaces and hyphens in German. It summarizes the existing optimality-theoretic approach and extends it to capture the use of hyphens. Hyphenation is often excluded in the literature on the writing of complex words, as forms with hyphens are thought to be mere variants of solid forms. The paper offers an alternative view in which hyphens are treated as an intermediate form between solid and open forms and are placed as a result of conflict between constraints which demand or forbid insertion of spaces. The analysis focuses on the products of nominal compounding, which is one of the most productive processes of word formation in German. Firstly, it is shown for which types of compounds hyphenation is optional and obligatory according to the official rules of orthography. Based on this, constraints are postulated, which do not only decide in which cases hyphenation is allowed but also in which positions the hyphens must be placed in the respective compound. Finally, the hyphenation of phrasal compounds and other complex compounds is modeled.

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