scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF AN OVARIAN CANCER AND ITS TREATMENT ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaghasiya Tushar Kishorbhai ◽  
Miteshkumar Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Regulate Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Keywords Cancer

Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion that intrudes upon and destroys adjacent tissues, and sometimes metastasis, or spreading to other locations in the body via lymph or blood. These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which do not invade or metastasize. Ovarian cancer is fundamentally a disease of failure of regulation of tissue growth. In order for a normal cell to transform into a cancer cell, the genes which regulate cell growth and differentiation must be altered. These brief surveys discuss the current therapy, novel treatment and its side effects. Keywords: Cancer, Cancer treatment, Liposomal formulation

scholarly journals Fibrosarcoma pada anjing golden retriever di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan Universitas Airlangga

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Miyayu Soneta Sofyan ◽  
Koesnoto Supranianondo ◽  
Ira Sari Yudaniayanti ◽  
Aisyah Novasari ◽  
Endah Paraswati
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Golden Retriever ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Shaped Cell

The dog named Agra (Golden Retriever) is suspected of having an axillary tumor. After surgery and examination of the pathology laboratory, it was found that the dog had fibrosarcoma in the axillaries. Fibrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that originates from mesenchymal cells, where the dominant cell histology is fibroblast cells that divide excessively and uncontrollably, can attack local tissues, and can move to other locations in the body (metastatic). The histopathological features of fibrosarcoma have fusiform or spindle-shaped cell fascicular growth patterns. The boundary between cells appears unclear with little cytoplasm and collagen fibers form parallel webbing. Grading histology is mainly based on the degree of cellularity, cell differentiation, mitotic features, and the amount of collagen produced by the cell necrosis. Surgery until now is the first and foremost thing in tumor therapy. Benign tumors can be removed with various surgical techniques depending on the location of the tumor. As for malignant tumors, surgery can be carried out by following other additional therapies to inhibit tumor growth.

scholarly journals TISSUE GROWTH FACTORS OF VEGF FAMILY IN DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
O. I Kit ◽  
E. M Frantsiyants ◽  
T. I Moiseenko ◽  
E. V Verenikina ◽  
N. D Cheryarina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor

Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. Aim of the study is to reveal the role of VEGF-C comparing to VEGF-А in the progression of ovarian cancer. Material and methods. Tissue samples obtained from 76 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (serous cystadenocarcinoma: T1N0M0; T2N0M0; T3NxM0; T4Nx-1M0) and 47 patients with cystadenoma were studied. Histological control was performed in all cases. Ovaries of 20 patients obtained during the surgery for uterine myoma were used as the intact tissue. All patients were 50.9 ± 2.9 years old. Levels of the growth factor as VEGF-A and its receptor VEGF-R1, as well VEGF-С and its receptor sVEGF-R3 - were measured by ELISA with the use of standard test systems. Results. VEGF-А levels in cystadenomas and intact tissue were similar, while in cystadenocarcinomas VEGF-А was significantly higher at all stages of the tumor development. sVEGF-R1 receptor in cystadenomas was lower in comparison with the intact tissue, in the contralateral ovary in T1N0M0 and in the tumorous ovary in T4Nx-1M0. VEGF-С level was higher significantly in all tumors, in cystadenocarcinomas it was higher if compared to cystadenomas. Its increase in the contralateral ovary in T1N0M0 differed from other tissue values being average. sVEGF-R3 receptor increased significantly at the later stages of ovarian cancer - T3NxM0 and T4Nx-1M0; its level was low only in the contralateral ovary in T1N0M0, and the values in other tissues were similar to the intact ones. Conclusion. The results show a high rate of lymphatic vessel formation in benign tumors at all stages of the development of the malignant tumor. The significant increase in VEGF-C level in the contralateral (non-tumorous) ovaries, compared to the intact tissue, allows considering VEGF-C, along with VEGF-А, as a pathogenetic factor of ovarian tumor development.

Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Gaikwad ◽  
Abasaheb B. Patil ◽  
Madhuri V. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Scaffolds are used for drug delivery in tissue engineering as this system is a highly porous structure to allow tissue growth.  Although several tissues in the body can regenerate, other tissue such as heart muscles and nerves lack regeneration in adults. However, these can be regenerated by supplying the cells generated using tissue engineering from outside. For instance, in many heart diseases, there is need for heart valve transplantation and unfortunately, within 10 years of initial valve replacement, 50–60% of patients will experience prosthesis associated problems requiring reoperation. This could be avoided by transplantation of heart muscle cells that can regenerate. Delivery of these cells to the respective tissues is not an easy task and this could be done with the help of scaffolds. In situ gel forming scaffolds can also be used for the bone and cartilage regeneration. They can be injected anywhere and can take the shape of a tissue defect, avoiding the need for patient specific scaffold prefabrication and they also have other advantages. Scaffolds are prepared by biodegradable material that result in minimal immune and inflammatory response. Some of the very important issues regarding scaffolds as drug delivery systems is reviewed in this article.

Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Behravan ◽  
Atefeh Razazan ◽  
Ghazal Behravan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Breast Cancer Vaccine

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.

Imaging Features of Primary Tumors of the Hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Boriani ◽  
Edoardo Raposio ◽  
Costantino Errani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Epithelioid Sarcoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Tumors Of The Hand

: Musculoskeletal tumors of the hand are a rare entity and are divided into skeletal and soft tissue tumors. Either category comprises benign and malignant or even intermediate tumors. Basic radiology allows an optimal resolution of bone and related soft tissue areas, ultrasound and more sophisticated radiologic tools such as scintigraphy, CT and MRI allow a more accurate evaluation of tumor extent. Enchondroma is the most common benign tumor affecting bone, whereas chondrosarcoma is the most commonly represented malignant neoplasm localized to hand bones. In the soft tissues ganglions are the most common benign tumors and epithelioid sarcoma is the most frequently represented malignant tumor targeting hand soft tissues. The knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic management of these tumors is often deriving from small case series, retrospective studies or even case reports. Evidences from prospective studies or controlled trials are limited and for this lack of clear and supported evidences data from the medical literature on the topic are controversial, in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis prognosis and therapy.The correct recognition of the specific subtype and extension of the tumor through first line and second line radiology is essential for the surgeon, in order to effectively direct the therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Taisa Nogueira Pansani ◽  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells that contain a multitude of biomolecules, which act synergistically to signal multiple cell types. EVs are ideal candidates for promoting tissue growth and regeneration. The tissue regenerative potential of EVs raises the tantalizing possibility that immobilizing EVs on implant surfaces could potentially generate highly bioactive and cell-instructive surfaces that would enhance implant integration into the body. Such surfaces could address a critical limitation of current implants, which do not promote bone tissue formation or bond bone. Here, we developed bioactive titanium surface coatings (SurfEV) using two types of EVs: secreted by decidual mesenchymal stem cells (DEVs) and isolated from fermented papaya fluid (PEVs). For each EV type, we determined the size, morphology, and molecular composition. High concentrations of DEVs enhanced cell proliferation, wound closure, and migration distance of osteoblasts. In contrast, the cell proliferation and wound closure decreased with increasing concentration of PEVs. DEVs enhanced Ca/P deposition on the titanium surface, which suggests improvement in bone bonding ability of the implant (i.e., osteointegration). EVs also increased production of Ca and P by osteoblasts and promoted the deposition of mineral phase, which suggests EVs play key roles in cell mineralization. We also found that DEVs stimulated the secretion of secondary EVs observed by the presence of protruding structures on the cell membrane. We concluded that, by functionalizing implant surfaces with specialized EVs, we will be able to enhance implant osteointegration by improving hydroxyapatite formation directly at the surface and potentially circumvent aseptic loosening of implants.

scholarly journals Small Cell Ovarian Cancer in Adolescents: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rovithi ◽  
A. G. Pallis ◽  
A. Kalykaki ◽  
E. Lagoudaki ◽  
L. Giannikaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Ovarian small cell carcinoma is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm carrying a poor prognosis. Although combination chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment due to the rarity of these tumors, no regimen can be recommended as standard of care although in the majority of cases platinum-based regimens are used. Herein, we report two cases of small cell carcinoma of the ovaries along with a review of the relevant literature.

scholarly journals A novel decision tree model based on chromosome imbalances in cell-free DNA and CA-125 in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 172460082199235
Author(s):  
Weina Zhang ◽  
Yu-min Zhang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Shengmiao Zhang ◽  
Weixin Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

Objective: CA-125 is widely used as biomarker of ovarian cancer. However, CA-125 suffers low accuracy. We developed a hybrid analytical model, the Ovarian Cancer Decision Tree (OCDT), employing a two-layer decision tree, which considers genetic alteration information from cell-free DNA along with CA-125 value to distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors. Methods: We consider major copy number alterations at whole chromosome and chromosome-arm level as the main feature of our detection model. Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with malignant tumors, 66 with borderline tumors, and 10 with benign tumors were enrolled. Results: Genetic analysis revealed significant arm-level imbalances in most malignant tumors, especially in high-grade serous cancers in which 12 chromosome arms with significant aneuploidy ( P<0.01) were identified, including 7 arms with significant gains and 5 with significant losses. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.8985 for copy number variations analysis, compared to 0.8751 of CA125. The OCDT was generated with a cancerous score (CScore) threshold of 5.18 for the first level, and a CA-125 value of 103.1 for the second level. Our most optimized OCDT model achieved an AUC of 0.975. Conclusions: The results suggested that genetic variations extracted from cfDNA can be combined with CA-125, and together improved the differential diagnosis of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. The model would aid in the pre-operative assessment of women with adnexal masses. Future clinical trials need to be conducted to further evaluate the value of CScore in clinical settings and search for the optimal threshold for malignancy detection.

Novel treatment options in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Mullen ◽  
Lindsay M. Kuroki ◽  
Premal H. Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Platinum Sensitive ◽  
Novel Treatment
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