scholarly journals Analysis of Humanitarian Technologies of Expertises in Solving of Socio-Cultural Dilemmas

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
T. V. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Expert Science ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Step Over ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Introduction. The aim of the article is to show the socio-philosophical basis of humanitarian expertises and to demonstrate an important role of these technologies in the life of society and the world for solving of current socio-cultural dilemmas. We set ourselves the following tasks: to conduct a socio-philosophical justification of the theoretical foundations of moral expert science, to define three types of humanitarian expertises, to identify the range of their application, to show the significance of their application for society and for professional organizations.Methodology and sources. This work methodologically is based on a socio-philosophical analysis of the works of well-known sociologists and philosophers of the ХХ–XXI centuries who created the foundation for humanitarian expertises as well as on a comparative analysis of the three expertises with the identification of their deferential characteristics.Results and discussion. Thanks to the developed methods and methodologies in sociology, cultural studies, etc., various new approaches were created for the scientific study of the society problems and the consequences of the influence of scientific and technological progress on it. These methods and methodologies which are the basis of humanitarian technologies, allowed us to step over the individual subjectivity and to consider objectively socio-cultural phenomena, based on facts and on the justification of social action. Suggested by Emile Durkheim’s practical sociological method of investigating facts made it possible to combine the forces of specialists in different fields to identify the causes of the appearance of normal and pathological factors and to analyze them. Whereas, M. Weber outlined the methodological foundations of social action with the help of them it is possible to objectively identify the main actions developed by this society. The methods and techniques formed the basis of the humanitarian technologies of three examinations: socio-humanitarian, humanitarian and ethical. There is still no term under which they can be combined so the author’s this article proposed the term – humanitarian. The humanitarian is from the word humanity (humanity), that is, what is inherent in all people including society and its actions. Functional analysis of social and cultural products by Robert Merton and show of ethics micro and macro order by George Ritzer had formed the foundation for modern humanitarian expertises: social humanitarian, humanitarian and ethical.Conclusion. When the role of science in the life of society becomes dominant, it is necessary to have such methodologies with which it will be possible to control the illegal use of scientific achievements, to identify unethical behavior of scientists. The main focus of these expertise is to control the illegal activities of professionals, to protect the interests and health of people.

scholarly journals Experience and Peculiarities of Reconciliation of Contradictions between Germany and France

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
O. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article is devoted to the study of the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France. The positions of the Presidents of France and Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany regarding the theoretical foundations and practical steps of the implementation of French-German reconciliation are studied. This paper deals with the problem of Alsace-Lorraine, a region with a border identity, which repeatedly became the cause of Franco-German disputes and passed from one state to another. The role of the individual in overcoming the contradictions between Germany and France is highlighted. The factor of European integration is considered, which not only contributed to the reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France, but also turned the two states into leaders of a united Europe. The Elysee Treaty and its implementation were analyzed. The military cooperation between France and Germany is investigated. The problem of historical memory and the desire to reconcile the contradictions between Germany and France are revealed. It is proved that the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France testify to the fact that the real reconciliation of the two leading states directed their efforts towards a more global goal – the creation of a common Europe. It was concluded that the mechanisms for achieving Franco-German reconciliation are interesting for studying and borrowing, taking into account national characteristics in the reconciliation of other European countries, and regions with borderline identities. The French-German experience may be useful for application in Polish-Ukrainian relations. The main conclusion from the analysis of the experience and the peculiarities of reconciling the contradictions between Germany and France is that their implementation led to unexpected and far-reaching consequences that once seemed just a dream. At the beginning of European integration in the 50s of the twentieth century, it was difficult to imagine the contemporary EU with its common currency, the Schengen area, developed economy, social programs. Franco-German reconciliation was transformed into the fruitful work of the Franco-German tandem, on the success of which depends not only the future of France and Germany, but the evolution of the entire united Europe.

Role of Culture in Electronic Business Diffusion in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Marwa M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Technology Usage ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Business Technology ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter includes discussions pertaining to the role of culture in influencing electronic business diffusion in developing countries. In this chapter, the author discusses specific cultural factors and their influences on the individual components required for Internet rollout and use in developing countries. Cases from developing countries are also presented to illustrate the effects culture produces on the levels of electronic business technology usage. The discussions of the lessons learned from those cases along with the theoretical foundations presented throughout the chapter, culminate in the author’s provision of recommendations to the reader, deemed necessary for effectively increasing the diffusion of electronic business in developing countries as well as for reaping the potential benefits generated from its use.

Role of Culture in Electronic Business Diffusion in Developing Countries

2008 ◽  
pp. 3328-3344
Author(s):  
Marwa M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Technology Usage ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Business Technology ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter includes discussions pertaining to the role of culture in influencing electronic business diffusion in developing countries. In this chapter, the author discusses specific cultural factors and their influences on the individual components required for Internet rollout and use in developing countries. Cases from developing countries are also presented to illustrate the effects culture produces on the levels of electronic business technology usage. The discussions of the lessons learned from those cases along with the theoretical foundations presented throughout the chapter, culminate in the author’s provision of recommendations to the reader, deemed necessary for effectively increasing the diffusion of electronic business in developing countries as well as for reaping the potential benefits generated from its use.

Viewing Authentic Leadership Through a Bourdieusian Lens: Understanding Gender and Leadership as Social Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Fox-Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Gender And Leadership ◽  
Leadership Potential ◽  
Unethical Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal

The Problem Many leadership development activities in modern organizations focus on the individual, either finding an individual with the secret sauce, named leadership potential, or training the individual in so-called effective leadership competencies. For women, this focus often leads to a ‘fix the women’ approach. Avolio and Gardner’s Authentic Leadership (AL) theory with its overemphasis on the individual and narrow definitions of what it means to be ‘authentic’ reinforces the concept of the ‘ideal leader’ as the hero who will rid organizations of unethical practice. The theory’s lack of attention to the role of context leads to errors in our understanding of gender and leadership, and perpetuates discrimination. The Solution Bourdieu’s Social Theory is used to explore AL theory with a view to illuminating the role of power and privilege inherent in this concept. The Stakeholders Stakeholders are leadership development practitioners and HR specialists who are interested in reducing inequalities in organizational practices.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

DYNAMIC AND COMPETENCE ASPECTS OF THE MEDIA EDUCATIONAL CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING A PERSON’S READINESS FOR LIFELONG SELF-EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Akmanova ◽  
L. V. Kurzaeva ◽  
N. A. Kopylova
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Competence Models ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The harmonious existence of the individual in the modern informational era, which is overly saturated with rapidly developing media technologies, is almost impossible without the developed readiness of the individual for lifelong continuous self-education. The formation and development of this readiness can begin during the formal training at the stage of higher education of the person and continue during informal education throughout his future life. Stages of socialization and professionalization of the person have a great influence on the level nature of this readiness. Based on scientific achievements in the field of self-education of university students, national and world media education, we developed dynamic and competence models of media educational concept of developing a person’s readiness for lifelong self-education. The concept demonstrates interconnection of these two models, as well as consistency with the previously developed normative model of developing this readiness.

Role of Transcriptional Read-Through in PRE Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcription Terminator ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Polycomb Response Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Main Factor

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

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