World 2021: Pandemic and economic problems remain acute

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
M. V. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
The Stability

The global economy continues to grow, albeit mainly due to large-scale support measures from governments and regulators. Moreover, the latter are not sure about the prospects for such development, since the economies do not demonstrate the potential for independent growth. As a result, in order to stimulate it, regulators are forced to expand the range of their tools, mechanisms, approaches, otherwise the risks to the stability of the global financial and economic system increase. All this is happening against the background of negative rates, which have become virtually ubiquitous and persist for a long time. New growth records are being set in the stock markets, and their gap from the real economy is growing. A number of sectors are beginning to dominate, forming distortions and bubbles in the markets. In such conditions, the importance of digital money, ecosystems, etc. increases. Moreover, the faster and more efficiently regulators can integrate into these formats, the more successful business, the population, and the economy as a whole will be.

scholarly journals Próby modernizacji pozycji i funkcjonowania parlamentów w warunkach kryzysowych

2012 ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
Joachim Osiński
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Industrial Services ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The 2007+ financial crisis, which also had an impact on real economy, paradoxically resulted in an increase of states’ activity in economy and in the growth of expectations of citizens towards states. The crisis makes them see the state as the only institution able to guarantee financial and social safety as well as orderly development of global economy in future. The article tries to answer the following question: is the state able to secure that feeling of safety and society’s ability to develop, and will the incoming crises influence the modification of horizontal and vertical extent of functions of the modern state? The question whether modern states modernize or not, disregarding economic, social, cultural and military crises, is also a subject of preliminary analysis. The 2007+ economic crisis caused an increase in state activities in fields both related to economic problems and providing social and financial safety for citizens. The modernization of state institutions (the state considered as ontological being, i.e. is not identified with any present day state) is not related to crises. The internal institutions of state, as parliaments and executive are also modernized to a certain extent. The analyses of Scandinavian, US and Canadian parliaments included in the article prove that the parliaments use the legislative possibilities and increase the scope of control activities performed during crisis. Occasionally this leads to constitution infringement (US Congress). On other occasions special parliamentary commissions and direct democracy institutions are used (Iceland). During a crisis a phenomenon of „financial world imperialism” emerges. It is something more than financialization of real economy (industrial, services and agriculture). It is a trend leading to the  subordination of all the other spheres of activity of states and societies, including politics, law and culture. It is observed in contemporary highly developed societies as well as in some countries of „peripheral capitalism”. This trend is visible when democracy is used, including parliamentary procedures and decision-making processes in executive, to advance special interests of the financial world, its continuity and its profits.

scholarly journals Financial Governance After the Great Recession: What Changed and What Didn’t?

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Jan Kregel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Widespread Agreement

Finance in general, and banking in particular, are probably the only areas of the economic system where there is widespread agreement on the necessity of formal governance. Most governments reserve for themselves the right to issue debt in the form of coins and currency; in addition private providers of means of payment have failed so frequently to provide a safe and secure means of payment, with disastrous consequences for the operation of the real economy that governments have sought to regulate financial to prevent financial crisis. However, in an open global economy the regulations of national governments have little impact on the operation of global financial markets which are regulated by the governments of developed countries. Thus the regulations determined in developed country markets, in particular the US are of crucial importance to the governance of finance in developing countries. This paper considers the main innovations of developed country governance in the aftermath of the recent crisis, in p ticular capital requirements and macroprudential regulations and suggests that they are in fact not new regulatory provisions, but have been employed for some time with little succeeds and are thus not likely to shield developing countries for the financial instability caused by the failure of governance in developed country markets.Keywords: financial management, economic system, economic crisis, monetary policy, financial institution, regulation, governance

scholarly journals Individuality and temporal stability of the human gut microbiome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sunagawa ◽  
Siegfried Schloissnig ◽  
Manimozhiyan Arumugam ◽  
Kristoffer Forslund ◽  
Makedonka Mitreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability

Introduction: The breakthrough of next generation sequencing-technologies has enabled large-scale studies of natural microbial communities and the 16S rRNA genes have been widely used as a phylogenetic marker to study community structure. However, major limitations of this approach are that neither strain-level resolution nor genomic context of microorganisms can be provided. This information, however, is crucial to answer fundamental questions about the temporal stability and distinctiveness of natural microbial communities.Material and methods: We developed a methodological framework for metagenomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation analysis and applied it to publicly available data from 252 human fecal samples from 207 European and North American individuals. We further analyzed samples from 43 healthy subjects that were sampled at least twice over time intervals of up to one year and measured population similarities of dominant gut species.Results: We detected 10.3 million SNPs in 101 species, which nearly amounts to the number identified in more than 1,000 humans.Conclusion: The most striking result was that host-specific strains appear to be retained over long time periods. This indicates that individual-specific strains are not easily exchanged with the environment and furthermore, that an individuals appear to have a unique metagenomic genotype. This, in turn, is linked to implications for human gut physiology, such as the stability of antibiotic resistance potential.

Blockchain as a global economic system (on the example of the tourism market)

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Novichkov ◽  
Ekaterina Andreevna Savchenko ◽  
Alexandra Vladimirovna Novichkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Global Tourism

The article reveals the features of the use of blockchain technology as a global economic system. Separately, attention is focused on the global tourism market, which is undergoing a large-scale transformation based on the use of blockchain technology. The relevance of this direction seems to be very high, since the changes are comprehensive and long-term. The authors identified the development trends of the global tourism market based on the use of information technologies and changes in the profile and behavior of a potential consumer of tourism services. Also, the article outlines some specific directions of changes in the global tourism market. Separately, the work formulates and substantiates the concept of "Tourism business 3.0" associated with institutional changes in the tourism sector. In addition, the need for the development and implementation of global blockchain platforms as the basis for organizing the global tourism market is outlined. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the place and role of blockchain as a global economic system using the example of tourism. Research tasks are reduced to substantiating the essence and content of the blockchain; identifying directions of changes in the global economy based on blockchain; designation of the prospects for the development of the tourism market based on the use of blockchain technology. Research subject: blockchain technology. Research object: the use of blockchain in the global travel market. Research methods: system approach, statistical method, modeling method. RThe essence and content of the blockchain as a global economic system has been substantiated; identified areas of blockchain application in the tourism sector; the concept of "Tourism business 3.0" was formulated; outlined the development trends of the global tourism market; directions are proposed that characterize the transformation of the global economy in the field of tourism based on blockchain technology.

scholarly journals Some Considerations on the Issue of Economic and Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Giovanni Antonio COSSIGA
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Core Inflation ◽  
The Core ◽  
A Value ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Development Course

To be implemented and analyzed, according to the good rules of relationship with nature, sustainability must be equipped with a theoretical scheme able of helping to understand the dynamics of this relationship together with the opportunities offered to improve the development of the economic system. Essentially, it’s about acknowledging that, just like physics, also the economy is subject to some general and abstract laws. This is the case of the core inflation value, defined by Central Banks as a value close to 2%. So, if the economy moves along the track indicated by this value, we have confirmation that growth is regularly developing. This core inflation value is implicitly defined without a clear specification. We can therefore admit that it’s an ideal value like the great universal constants, which reports about an economic system that develops according to the rules of natural compatibility. According to this point of view, the core inflation close to 2% is essentially a utopia, because it can only be achieved if the global economic growth moves in full accordance with the nature around us. It follows that even if we can verify on field the realization of a base value close to 2%, actually we are not in the best conditions, especially if the global economy is suffering from deflation as today. The deflation, that is the tendency of prices to fall, is part of the complex messages sent by the nature and economic systems to signal that the economy is not doing well and has become unstable. Both inflation and deflation are messages that never contribute to the economic development course, but they are born and evolving in parallel with the appearance of the economic cycle in daily activity. In summary, a mechanism that has the responsibility, by imposing pauses on the system, to reduce the instability of the systems and to facilitate the return to the natural development condition. A correction system based on the economic conjuncture that obviously distinguishes the stability by the way that the economy grows and develops in a linear and constant inclination depending on differentials.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

Sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1550-1613
Author(s):  
O.E. Akimova ◽  
S.K. Volkov ◽  
E.A. Gladkaya ◽  
I.M. Kuzlaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Smart Technologies

Subject. The article discusses the sustainability of regional economy development, its definition, and the substance of sustainable development. Objectives. We aim at performing a comprehensive analysis of indicators of sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the context of digitalization, formulating a strategy for economic behavior that takes into account the multidimensional nature of regional inequality and is focused on boosting the economic potential of regions. Methods. The study draws on dialectic and systems approaches, general scientific methods of retrospective, situational, economic and statistical, and comparative analysis. Results. The sustainability of the region focuses on improving the human welfare over long time horizon. This happens in three areas, i.e. maximizing the efficiency of resource use; ensuring justice and democracy; minimizing resource consumption and environmental damage. The stability of the region can be assessed by using one parameter, or by combining the parameters in accordance with the type of region and expected results. Conclusions. The adaptation of a region to changing conditions depends on its type (‘adapted’, ‘adaptive’, and ‘non-adapted’). Regional inequality has two main components: difference in economic potential and social satisfaction of residents. Another component, affecting the stability and adaptability of regions, is the level of their digitalization. However, some regions have only formally embarked on the path of digitalization. Moreover, a focus on smart technologies, solutions and digitalization often leads to ignoring the goals of sustainable development. Smart technologies should be aimed at ensuring sustainability within the framework of the smart sustainable city concept.

Comparative Study Of Islamic Economic Law And The Capitalist

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tesa Mellina ◽  
Mohammad Ghozali
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Economic Injustice ◽  
Islamic Values

The implementation ofthe capitalist system has eliminated the Islamic values in economic practice. After the financial crisis hit the world, the capitalist system reaped many questions and its greatnessbegins to be doubted. The capitalist system implementationprecisely creates new problems in the economy. The concept of individualism which is the main key in capitalist practice only creates economic injustice and misery of the poor. The only economic theory that is expected as a light in dealing with economic problems is an economic system that is able to create justice,the welfare of all parties and blessings both the world and the hereafter. The theory is the Islamic economics which in practice is inseparable from Islamiceconomic law. Islamic economic law that underlies the Islamic economic system is totally different from the capitalist economic system.Keywords: Islamic Economic Law; Islamic economics; Capitalist Economy

REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM AS AN INSTITUTION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (331) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
A. E. Kokеnova ◽  
◽  
A.K. Kupesheva ◽  
A.S. Dildabekova ◽  
B.N. Sabenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regional Economic
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